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| 1 | Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lignocaine: A review显示文摘Lignocaine is an essential drug on World Health Organisation essential drug list, considered efficacious, safe and cost-effective for any health-care system. Despite its ubiquitous use in medicine and surgery, there are few detailed reviews of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Being an amide-type local anesthetic and Class 1b antiarrhythmic, lignocaine is most frequently used clinically for its anesthetic and antiarrhythmic benefits. However, lignocaine has important antinociceptive, immuno-modulating, and antiinflammatory properties. Information pertaining to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lignocaine was examined by performing a literature search of Pub Med, Embase and MEDLINE(via Ovid), pharmacology textbooks and online sources. We present a focused synopsis of lignocaine's pharmacological composition, indications for use and mechanisms of action, focusing on its anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulating and analgesia effects. In addition we review the dosing regimes and infusion kinetics of lignocaine in the clinical setting. Finally, we review the evidence for ligocaine's modulation of the inflammatory response during major surgery and its specific effects on cancer recurrence. These indirect effects of local anesthetics in tumor development may stem from the reduction of neuroendocrine responses to the stress response elicited by major surgery and tissue damage, enhanced preservation of immune-competence, in addition to opioid-sparing effects of modulating tumor growth. | Laurence Weinberg Benjamin Peake Chong Tan Mehrdad Nikfarjam | 2015 | World Journal of Anesthesiology2015，4，2： | 9 |
| 2 | p21-activated kinase signalling in pancreatic cancer: New insights into tumour biology and immune modulation显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide, with a very poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate less than 8%. This dismal outcome is largely due to delayed diagnosis, early distant dissemination and resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Kras mutation is a well-defined hallmark of pancreatic cancer, with over 95% of cases harbouring Kras mutations that give rise to constitutively active forms of Kras. As important down-stream effectors of Kras, p21-activated kinases(PAKs) are involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration and chemo-resistance. Immunotherapy is now emerging as a promising treatment modality in the era of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, basic knowledge of PAK structure and regulation is briefly summarised and the pivotal role of PAKs in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer is highlighted in terms of tumour biology and chemoresistance. Finally, the involvement of PAKs in immune modulation in the tumour microenvironment is discussed and the potential advantages of targeting PAKs are explored. | Kai Wang Graham S Baldwin Mehrdad Nikfarjam Hong He | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，33： | 7 |
| 3 | Ionic Conductivity in Gelatin-Based Hybrid Solid Electrolytes:The Non-trivial Role of Nanoclay显示文摘In this study, the ionic conductivity behavior in hybrid gelatin-based transparent electrolytes including various types of nanoclays with different size, shape and surface properties was characterized. The effects of nanoclay type and nanoclay concentration as well as different experimental conditions, e.g., p H, temperature and crosslinking were also investigated. In general, the impedance spectroscopy results suggested a nontrivial role for nanoclay. Regardless of the nanoclay type, the ionic conductivity slightly increased first and then decreased by increasing the nanoclay concentration. Furthermore, among sodium montmorillonite(Na t MMT), lithium montmorillonite(Li t MMT), laponite and hydrotalcite, the hybrid electrolytes prepared by Li t MMT showed higher ionic conductivity. The results also showed that the chemical crosslinking along with sample preparation at optimum p H, where the gelatin chains might be efficiently adsorbed on exfoliated,negatively charged clay nanosheets, plays an important role. In comparison with the ionic conductivity of the neat sample at room temperature(w107S cm1), a ten-fold increase was observed for the crosslinked sample containing 2 wt% of Li t MMT prepared at optimum p H 3.5. The conductivity behavior as a function of temperature revealed the obedience with the Vogel e Fulcher e Tammann(VFT) model for all samples,suggesting the important role of segmental motions in the ionic conductivity. Finally, a qualitative explanation was presented for the mechanism of the ionic conduction in gelatin-nanoclay hybrid electrolytes. | Ali Ghadami Nader Taheri Qazvini Nasser Nikfarjam | 2014 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2014，30，11： | 3 |
| 4 | Additional Organ Resection Combined with Pancreaticoduodenectomy does not Increase Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam Mandeep Sehmbey Eric T. Kimchi Niraj J. Gusani Serene Shereef Diego M. Avella Kevin F. Staveley-O'Carroll | 2009 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2009，，5： | 2 |
| 5 | The apoptotic response of liver and colorectal liver metastases to focal hyperthermic injury显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Muralidharan V Malcontenti-Wilson C | 2005 | Anticancer Res2005，25，2： | 1 |
| 6 | The ap optotic response of liver and colorectal liver metastases to focal hyper thermic injury显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Muralidharan V Malcontenti-Wilson C | 2005 | Anticancer Res2005，25，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Outcomes of chol- ecystectomy for treatment of acute cholecystitis in octogenarians 显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Yeo D Perini M | 2013 | ANZ J Surg2013，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces severity and improves survival in severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Cuthbertson CM Malcontenti-Wilson C | 2007 | J Gastrointest Surg2007，11，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Improved contemporarysurgical management of insulinomas:a 25-year experience at theMassachusetts General Hospital显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Warshaw AL Axelrod L | 2008 | Ann Surg2008，247，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Percutaneous cholecystosto- my for treatment of acute cholecystitis in the era of early laparo-scopic cholecystectomy 显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Shen L Fink MA | 2013 | Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech2013，23，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Mechanisms of focal heat destruction of liver tumors 显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Muralidharan V Christophi C | 2005 | J Surg Res2005，127，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Improved contemperary surgical management of insulinomas:A 25-year experience at the massachusetts general hospital显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Warshaw AL Axelrod L | 2008 | Ann Stag2008，247，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Focal hyperthermia produces progressive tumor necrosis independent of the initial thermal effects显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam M.B.B.S. Caterina Malcontenti-Wilson B.Sc. Christopher Christophi M.D. F.R.A.C.S. F.A.C.S | 2005 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2005，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Improved Contemporary Surgical Management of Insulinomas: A 25-year Experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam Andrew L. Warshaw Lloyd Axelrod Vikram Deshpande Sarah P. Thayer Cristina R. Ferrone Carlos Fernández-del Castillo | 2008 | Annals of Surgery2008，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Optimizing imatinib mesylate treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumors显示文摘 | Jiang Y Ming L Montero AJ Kimchi E Nikfarjam M Staveley-O'Carroll KF | 2008 | Gastrointest Cancer Res2008，2，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Early management of traumatic pancreatic transection by spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Rosen M Ponsky T | 2009 | J Pediatr Surg2009，44，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Improved contemporary surgical management of insulinomas:a 25-year experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Warshaw AL Axelrod L | 2008 | Ann Surg2008，247，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Impact of blood flow occusion on liver necrosis following thermal ablation显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Muralidharan V Malcontenti-Wilson C | 2006 | A nz J Surg2006，76，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Altered growth patterns of colorectal liver metastases after thermal ablation显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Muralidharan V Christophi Co | 2006 | Surgery2006，139，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Focal hyperthermia produces progressive tumor necrosis independent of the initial thermal effects显示文摘 | Nikfarjam M Malcontenti-Wilson C Chrislophi C | 2005 | J Gastrointest Surg2005，9，3： | 1 |
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