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| 1 | Predictors of response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C from Pakistani population显示文摘背景丙肝病毒(HCV ) 在全世界组成一个主要公共健康问题,特别在开发象巴基斯坦一样的国家。在这研究,我们估计了在长期的丙肝病人的治疗在这研究由性,年龄,和病毒的 load.Methods 分类的干扰素(INF ) 的结果,有遗传型 3 的 750 个 HCV 积极病人被选择,从哪个 616 完成了全部治疗。他们的个人历史,支持处理的 HCV RNA 和浆液丙氨酸 transaminase (中高音) 是 quantified.Patients 与 INF- 2b 的联合治疗被对待 300 万个单位(三次一个星期) 正 ribavirin (1000-1200mg 每天) 为 24 个星期。在 24 个星期以后,他们的 HCV RNA 和浆液中高音水平是从 616 个病人,的 quantified.Results (63.5%) 391 对治疗学的政体(加 ribavirin 的 INF- 2b ) 作出回应。在应答者之中, 27.1% 是男人, 36.4% 是女人。最好的治疗反应在有 Iow 的病人被观察病毒的负担 8 ?????牴湡睳汥 吗?? | Hafsa Aziz Muhammad Amin Athar Shahnaz Murtaza Javaid Irfan Yasir Waheed Iram Bilal Abida Raza | 2011 | Chinese Medical Journal2011，，9： | 6 |
| 2 | Resolvability in Circulant Graphs显示文摘A set W of the vertices of a connected graph G is called a resolving set for G if for every two distinct vertices u, v ∈ V (G) there is a vertex w ∈ W such that d(u, w) ≠ d(v, w). A resolving set of minimum cardinality is called a metric basis for G and the number of vertices in a metric basis is called the metric dimension of G, denoted by dim(G). For a vertex u of G and a subset S of V (G), the distance between u and S is the number min s∈S d(u, s). A k-partition Π = {S 1 , S 2 , . . . , S k } of V (G) is called a resolving partition if for every two distinct vertices u, v ∈ V (G) there is a set S i in Π such that d(u, Si )≠ d(v, Si ). The minimum k for which there is a resolving k-partition of V (G) is called the partition dimension of G, denoted by pd(G). The circulant graph is a graph with vertex set Zn , an additive group of integers modulo n, and two vertices labeled i and j adjacent if and only if i-j (mod n) ∈ C , where CZn has the property that C =-C and 0 ■ C. The circulant graph is denoted by Xn, Δ where Δ = |C|. In this paper, we study the metric dimension of a family of circulant graphs Xn, 3 with connection set C = {1, n/2 , n-1} and prove that dim(Xn, 3 ) is independent of choice of n by showing that dim(Xn, 3 ) ={3 for all n ≡ 0 (mod 4), 4 for all n ≡ 2 (mod 4). We also study the partition dimension of a family of circulant graphs Xn,4 with connection set C = {±1, ±2} and prove that pd(Xn, 4 ) is independent of choice of n and show that pd(X5,4 ) = 5 and pd(Xn,4 ) ={3 for all odd n ≥ 9, 4 for all even n ≥ 6 and n = 7. | Muhammad SALMAN Imran JAVAID Muhammad Anwar CHAUDHRY | 2012 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2012，28，9： | 2 |
| 3 | Hyperactivation and thermostabilization of Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase by immobilization in xerogels显示文摘 | Muhammad Asgher M. Javaid Asad Haq Nawaz Bhatti Raymond L. Legge | 2007 | World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology2007，，4： | 1 |
| 4 | In vitro micropropagation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) through direct somatic embryogenesis and callus culture显示文摘 | Muhammad M I Farhat N Javaid I | 2011 | Intemational Journal of Agriculture and Biology2011，13，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Tritrophic interactions between parasitoids and cereal aphids are mediated by nitrogen fertilizer显示文摘营养的质量能直接并且间接地影响的主人植物第三个营养的层次。aphid-parasitoid 关系提供一个理想的系统调查 tritrophic 相互作用(因为 parasitoids 为他们在他们的主机之上的开发是完全依赖的) 并且在在氮应用程序的不同集中操作的力量上面估计底部。在在 Sitobion avenae (F.) 和 Aphidius rhopalosiphi (D.) 上饲养的 Aphidius colemani (V.) 的表演上改变氮化肥的效果在 Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) 上高耸了被测量。当时, parasitoids 的寄生状态和百分比出现被氮化肥处理断然影响发展持续时间(鸡蛋,幼虫、蛹的阶段) 没被增加氮输入影响。在两 parasitoid 种的男性和女性,成年长寿与增加的氮化肥增加了。两 parasitoid 种的后部的胫骨长度和木乃伊重量与氮化肥集中增加了,由于更大的蚜虫。这研究证明到土壤的那氮应用能有重要后果为未葬 multitrophic 相互作用。 | Muhammad A. Aqueel Abu-bakar M. Raza Rashad M. Balal Muhammad A. Shahid Irfan Mustafa Muhammad M. Javaid simon R. Leather | 2015 | Insect Science2015，22，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in the clinical isolates显示文摘 | Afreenish Hassan Javaid Usman Fatima Kaleem Maria Omair Ali Khalid Muhammad Iqbal | 2011 | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases2011，，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Holadysenterine, a natural herbicidal constituent from Drechslera australiensis for management of Rumex dentatus显示文摘 | MUHAMMAD AKBAR ARSHAD JAVAID EJAZ AHMED | 2015 | Agricultural and Food Chemistry2015，62，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Drought Stress Impairs Grain Yield and Quality of Rice Genotypes by Impaired Photosynthetic Attributes and K Nutrition显示文摘Drought is one of the most prevalent abiotic stresses that adversely affect rice productivity(Petrozza et al, 2014). Rice is very sensitive to drought stress and drought can cause 50% reduction in rice production globally(Yang et al, 2008). To meet the food needs for global population, 63% more agricultural production will be required by the year 2050 than. | Muhammad Zahid MUMTAZ Muhammad SAQIB Ghulam ABBAS Javaid AKHTAR Zia Ul-QAMAR | 2020 | Rice science2020，27，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Topological Aspects of Dendrimers via Connection-Based Descriptors显示文摘Topological indices(TIs)have been practiced for distinct wide-ranging physicochemical applications,especially used to characterize and model the chemical structures of various molecular compounds such as dendrimers,nanotubes and neural networks with respect to their certain properties such as solubility,chemical stability and low cytotoxicity.Dendrimers are prolonged artificially synthesized or amalgamated natural macromolecules with a sequential layer of branches enclosing a central core.A present-day trend in mathematical and computational chemistry is the characterization of molecular structure by applying topological approaches,including numerical graph invariants.Among topological descriptors,Zagreb connection indices(ZCIs)have much importance.This manuscript involves the establishment of general results to calculate ZCIs,namely first ZCI(FZCI),second ZCI(SZCI),third ZCI(TZCI),modified FZCI,modified SZCI and modified TZCI of two special types of dendrimers nanostars,namely,poly propylene imine octamin(PPIO)dendrimer and poly(propyl)ether imine(PPEtIm)dendrimer.Furthermore,we provide the numerical and graphical comparative analysis of our calculated results for both types of dendrimers with each other. | Muhammad Javaid Ahmed Alamer Aqsa Sattar | 2023 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2023，，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Brain Tumor Segmentation in Multimodal MRI Using U-Net Layered Structure显示文摘The brain tumour is the mass where some tissues become old or damaged,but they do not die or not leave their space.Mainly brain tumour masses occur due to malignant masses.These tissues must die so that new tissues are allowed to be born and take their place.Tumour segmentation is a complex and time-taking problem due to the tumour’s size,shape,and appearance variation.Manually finding such masses in the brain by analyzing Magnetic Resonance Images(MRI)is a crucial task for experts and radiologists.Radiologists could not work for large volume images simultaneously,and many errors occurred due to overwhelming image analysis.The main objective of this research study is the segmentation of tumors in brain MRI images with the help of digital image processing and deep learning approaches.This research study proposed an automatic model for tumor segmentation in MRI images.The proposed model has a few significant steps,which first apply the pre-processing method for the whole dataset to convert Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative(NIFTI)volumes into the 3D NumPy array.In the second step,the proposed model adopts U-Net deep learning segmentation algorithm with an improved layered structure and sets the updated parameters.In the third step,the proposed model uses state-of-the-art Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention(MICCAI)BRATS 2018 dataset withMRI modalities such as T1,T1Gd,T2,and Fluidattenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR).Tumour types in MRI images are classified according to the tumour masses.Labelling of these masses carried by state-of-the-art approaches such that the first is enhancing tumour(label 4),edema(label 2),necrotic and non-enhancing tumour core(label 1),and the remaining region is label 0 such that edema(whole tumour),necrosis and active.The proposed model is evaluated and gets the Dice Coefficient(DSC)value for High-grade glioma(HGG)volumes for their test set-a,test set-b,and test set-c 0.9795, 0.9855 and 0.9793, respectively. DSC value for the Low-gradeglioma (LGG) volumes for the test set is 0.9950, which shows the proposedmodel has achieved significant results in segmenting the tumour in MRI usingdeep learning approaches. The proposed model is fully automatic that canimplement in clinics where human experts consumemaximumtime to identifythe tumorous region of the brain MRI. The proposed model can help in a wayit can proceed rapidly by treating the tumor segmentation in MRI. | Muhammad Javaid Iqbal Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Anwar Muhammad Murad Khan Abd Jabar Nazimi Mohammad Nazir Ahmad | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，，3： | 0 |
| 11 | Wheat Yield Response to Foliar Fungicide Application against Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia triticina显示文摘 | Krishna Dev Joshi Ghulam Ullah Attiq Ur Rehman Muhammad Makky Javaid Javed Ahmad Makhdoom Hussain Angela Pacheco Ibni Amin Khalil Amanullah Baloch | 2017 | Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)2017，7，3： | 0 |
| 12 | Reimagining safe lithium applications in the living environment and its impacts on human,animal,and plant system显示文摘Lithium's(Li)ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry.Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions and uncertainties that may pose a grave threat to living biota.We examined the leverage existing published articles regarding advances in global Li resources,interplay with plants,and possible involvement with living organisms,especially humans and animals.Globally,Li concentration(<10 e300 mg kg1)is detected in agricultural soil,and their pollutant levels vary with space and time.High mobility of Li results in higher accumulation in plants,but the clear mechanisms and specific functions remain unknown.Our assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li level and biota health.For example,lower Li intake(<0.6 mM in serum)leads to mental disorders,while higher intake(>1.5 mM in serum)induces thyroid,stomach,kidney,and reproductive system dysfunctions in humans and animals.However,there is a serious knowledge gap regarding Li regulatory standards in environmental compartments,and mechanistic approaches to unveil its consequences are needed.Furthermore,aggressive efforts are required to define optimum levels of Li for the normal functioning of animals,plants,and humans.This review is designed to revitalize the current status of Li research and identify the key knowledge gaps to fight back against the mountainous challenges of Li during the recent digital revolution.Additionally,we propose pathways to overcome Li problems and develop a strategy for effective,safe,and acceptable applications. | Noman Shakoor Muhammad Adeel Muhammad Arslan Ahmad Muhammad Zain Usman Waheed Rana Arsalan Javaid Fasih Ullah Haider Imran Azeem Pingfan Zhou Yuanbo Li Ghulam Jilani Ming Xu Jorg Rinklebe Yukui Rui | 2023 | Environmental Science and Ecotechnology2023，，3： | 0 |
| 13 | Heat Transfer Enhancement of an Automobile Engine Radiator using ZnO Water Base Nanofluids显示文摘In this research paper, the forced convective heat transfer enhancement of a Suzuki Mehran(VXR) 2016 radiator(heat exchanger) along with pressure drop and friction factor by utilizing Zinc oxide(Zn O) water based nanofluids has been experimentally studied. Three types of nanofluids with different volumetric concentrations of Zn O nanoparticles(0–0.3%) were employed in order to understand its effect on heat transfer enhancement. The experimental setup was completely designed as closely as possible to the car cooling system. The experimentation has been done under laminar flow conditions(186≤Re≤1127) at different fluid volume flow rates(2–12 L/min) and constant fluid inlet temperature(70°C) to the automobile radiator. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was obtained up to 41%, 50% and 31% by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles respectively. On the other hand, the mean enhancement in pressure drop and friction factor was obtained up to 47% and 46% by using nanofluid with the same volumetric concentration of nanoparticles i.e. 0.2% respectively. The experimental results also revealed that the heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of nanofluids increases by increasing the volume flow rates and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. However, these thermal performance parameters of nanofluids started to decline when the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles was increased from 0.2% to 0.3%. Furthermore, pressure drop and friction factor of nanofluids increase by increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, while pressure drop increases and friction factor decreases by increasing the volume flow rate of nanofluids respectively. At the end, the thermal efficiency of automobile radiator with high cooling rates was obtained by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. | Muhammad QASIM Muhammad SAJID KAMRAN Muhammad AMMAR Muhammad ALI JAMAL Muhammad YASAR JAVAID | 2020 | Journal of Thermal Science2020，29，4： | 0 |
| 14 | Explainable Artificial Intelligence Solution for Online Retail显示文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)help in making predictions and businesses to make key decisions that are beneficial for them.In the case of the online shopping business,it’s very important to find trends in the data and get knowledge of features that helps drive the success of the business.In this research,a dataset of 12,330 records of customers has been analyzedwho visited an online shoppingwebsite over a period of one year.The main objective of this research is to find features that are relevant in terms of correctly predicting the purchasing decisions made by visiting customers and build ML models which could make correct predictions on unseen data in the future.The permutation feature importance approach has been used to get the importance of features according to the output variable(Revenue).Five ML models i.e.,decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),extra tree(ET)classifier,Neural networks(NN),and Logistic regression(LR)have been used to make predictions on the unseen data in the future.The performance of each model has been discussed in detail using performance measurement techniques such as accuracy score,precision,recall,F1 score,and ROC-AUC curve.RF model is the bestmodel among all five chosen based on accuracy score of 90%and F1 score of 79%followed by extra tree classifier.Hence,our study indicates that RF model can be used by online retailing businesses for predicting consumer buying behaviour.Our research also reveals the importance of page value as a key feature for capturing online purchasing trends.This may give a clue to future businesses who can focus on this specific feature and can find key factors behind page value success which in turn will help the online shopping business. | Kumail Javaid Ayesha Siddiqa Syed Abbas Zilqurnain Naqvi Allah Ditta Muhammad Ahsan M.A.Khan Tariq Mahmood Muhammad Adnan Khan | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，6： | 0 |
| 15 | The charge state distribution of B, C, Si, Ni, Cu and Au ions on 5 MV pelletron accelerator显示文摘Stripper gas and terminal potential play a key role for the charge state distribution in a tandem pelletron accelerator. The knowledge of this distribution is important for experiments performed on tandem accelerators. The charge state distribution of B, C, Si, Ni, Cu and Au beams is measured by using Ar as stripper gas, and terminal potential is varied from 0.3 to 3.0 MV on 5UDH-2 tandem pelletron accelerator installed at the National Centre for Physics, Islamabad. The individual charge state is measured after the switching magnet at 15° in high-energy portion. It is observed that the higher charge states are stable in the range of lower and middle atomic masses of periodic table, whereas higher atomic mass(Au) shows beam current instability in higher charge states. For carbon,the charge distribution at 1.7 MV terminal potential by varying stripper gas pressure is also studied, which resulted in decreased overall transmission with good current value for higher charge states. | Ali Awais Javaid Hussain Muhammad Usman Waheed Akram Kashif Shahzad Turab Ali Ishaq Ahmad Malik Maaza | 2017 | Nuclear Science and Techniques2017，28，5： | 0 |
| 16 | Screening outcomes of household contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Peshawar,Pakistan显示文摘Objective:To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB(MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients.Methods:Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study.Different clinical,radiological and bacteriological were performed to rule out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB.Results:Between January 2012 and December 2012,a total of 200 index MDR-TB patients were initiated on MDR-TB treatment,out of which home visit and contacts screening were conducted for 154 index cases.Of 610 contacts who could be studied,41(17.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 10(4.2%) had TB.The most common symptoms observed were cough,chest pain and fever.Conclusions:The high incidence of MDR-TB among close contacts emphasize the need for effective contact screening programme of index MDR-TB cases in order to cut the chain of transmission of this disease. | Arshad Javaid Mazhar Ali Khan Mir Azam Khan Sumaira Mehreen Anila Basit Raza Ali Khan Muhammad Ihtesham Irfan Ullah Afsar Khan Ubaid Ullah | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2016，9，9： | 0 |
| 17 | Assessment of Feed Supply and Demand for Livestock in Pakistan显示文摘 | Ghulam Habib Muhammad Fatah Ullah Khan Shahbaz Javaid Muhammad Saleem | 2016 | Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)2016，6，3： | 0 |
| 18 | On the Constant Metric Dimension of Generalized Petersen Graphs P(n,4)显示文摘In this paper,we consider the family of generalized Petersen graphs P(n,4).We prove that the metric dimension of P(n,4) is 3 when n ≡ 0(mod 4),and is 4 when n = 4k + 3(k is even).For n ≡ 1,2(mod 4) and n = 4k + 3(k is odd),we prove that the metric dimension of P(n,4) is bounded above by 4.This shows that each graph of the family of generalized Petersen graphs P(n,4)has constant metric dimension. | Saba NAZ Muhammad SALMAN Usman ALI Imran JAVAID Syed Ahtsham-ul-Haq BOKHARY | 2014 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2014，30，7： | 0 |
| 19 | Estimation of erosion induced nutrients loss under different land uses: A case study in Miandam Valley, Swat Pakistan显示文摘In order to design Sustainable Land Management(SLM)plans or interventions it is important to understand the land use change and subsequent impacts.The basic aim of this study was to assess the impact of land use land cover(LULC)change on soil physico-chemical properties and nutrients loss under different land use/land cover changes within Miandam watershed of Swat valley,Pakistan.The study area was divided into three major types on the basis LULC type(Dense forest,Moderate forest and Agriculture land).A total of 81 soil samples were collected from the study area(27 from each land use)through stratified random sampling and were transferred to the laboratory.The prepared soil samples were then tested for various physico-chemical properties such as pH,electrical conductivity,contents of organic matter,organic carbon,sand,silt,clay,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,iron,copper and zinc.Results showed that LULC significantly affected all soil parameters except electrical conductivity and potassium.For all the nutrients assessed,the enrichment ratio was greater than 1 which showed that the most fertile layer of the soil in the cropped areas was transported through soil erosion.In this study,time-series satellite images were used to determine the spatiotemporal changes in the LULC of Miandam valley of Swat,Pakistan,and the possible effect of LULC on soil properties was reported.The information generated on the soil properties as indicators of soil health could be used to inform the stakeholders about the effect of LULC change in the study area.Multi-temporal image acquired by Landsat sensors for the year 2018 was used for quantifying changes in the study area.The Landsat images for the year 2018 were classified into six land cover/land use classes.The increase in agricultural activities caused an increase in the land farming areas which led to an increase in the rate of deforestation in the valley.Thus,the present study results reveal that the use of the soil for agriculture instead of keeping them naturally or in other words changes in the land use land cover affects the soil physico-chemical properties and the overall nutrients availability. | Nowsher Yousaf Bushra Khan Dennis C.Flanagan Ishaq Ahmad Mian Javaid Iqbal Irfan Rashid Salma Khalid Nasreen Ghaffar Sadaf Manzoor Muhammad Bilal | 2021 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2021，14，2： | 0 |
| 20 | Bounds on Fractional-Based Metric Dimension of Petersen Networks显示文摘The problem of investigating the minimum set of landmarks consisting of auto-machines(Robots)in a connected network is studied with the concept of location number ormetric dimension of this network.In this paper,we study the latest type of metric dimension called as local fractional metric dimension(LFMD)and find its upper bounds for generalized Petersen networks GP(n,3),where n≥7.For n≥9.The limiting values of LFMD for GP(n,3)are also obtained as 1(bounded)if n approaches to infinity. | Dalal Awadh Alrowaili Mohsin Raza Muhammad Javaid | 2023 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2023，，6： | 0 |
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