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| 1 | Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr(Ⅲ)显示文摘Loofa sponge(LS)immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana(LSIBCS),isolated from industrial wastewater,was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ)from aqueous solution.A comparison of the biosorption of Cr(Ⅲ)by LSIBCS and free biomass of C.sorokiniana(FBCS)from 10-300 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the rnicroalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge.Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g biosorbent,respectively,whereas the amount of Cr(Ⅲ)ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g.The kinetics of Cr(Ⅲ)biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively.The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langrnuir adsorption isotherm model.The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model.The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0.Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr(Ⅲ)could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO_3,while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order:EDTA>H_2SO_4>CH_3COOH>HCl.The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr(Ⅲ)binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns.The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ)from wastewater. | AKHTAR Nasreen IQBAL Muhammad ZAFAR Saeed Iqbal IQBAL Javed | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，2： | 20 |
| 2 | Antibiotic resistance and cagA gene correlation:A looming crisis of Helicobacter pylori显示文摘AIM:To determine antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) in Pakistan and its correlation with host and pathogen associated factors.METHODS:A total of 178 strains of H.pylori were isolated from gastric biopsies of dyspeptic patients.Susceptibility patterns against first and second-line antibiotics were determined and trends of resistance were analyzed in relation to the sampling period,gastric conditions and cagA gene carriage.The effect of cagA gene on the acquisition of resistance was investigated by mutant selection assay.RESULTS:The observations showed that monoresistant strains were prevalent with rates of 89% for metronidazole,36% for clarithromycin,37% for amoxicillin,18.5% for ofloxacin and 12% for tetracycline.Furthermore,clarithromycin resistance was on the rise from 2005 to 2008(32% vs 38%,P = 0.004) and it is significantly observed in non ulcerative dyspeptic patients compared to gastritis,gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer cases(53% vs 20%,18% and 19%,P = 0.000).On the contrary,metronidazole and ofloxacin resistance were more common in gastritis and gastric ulcer cases.Distribution analysis and frequencies of resistant mutants in vitro correlated with the absence of cagA gene with metronidazole and ofloxacin resistance.CONCLUSION:The study confirms the alarming levels of antibiotic resistance associated with the degree of gastric inflammation and cagA gene carriage in H.pylori strains. | Adnan Khan Amber Farooqui Hamid Manzoor Syed Shakeel Akhtar Muhammad Saeed Quraishy Shahana Urooj Kazmi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，18： | 15 |
| 3 | Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids are potential mediators in gut inflammation显示文摘Gut inflammation is a challenging concern in humans and animals,which disturbs normal growth and leads to severe bowel diseases.Short chain fatty acids(SCFA)are the gut microbiota metabolites produced from fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates,and have been reported to modulate gut inflammation.SCFA have been implicated as the potential therapeutic bioactive molecules for gut inflammatory diseases,and could be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters(AGP).In this review,the existing knowledge about the types of SCFA,the related gut microbes producing SCFA,the roles of SCFA in maintaining gut homeostasis,and how SCFA modulate gut inflammation is summarized.The therapeutic application of SCFA in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is also highlighted | Muhammad Akhtar Yan Chen Ziyu Ma Xiaolong Zhang Deshi Shi Jawaria AKhan Huazhen Liu | 2022 | Animal Nutrition2022，，1： | 8 |
| 4 | Therapeutic Efficacy of Neurostimulation for Depression:Techniques, Current Modalities, and Future Challenges显示文摘Depression is the most prevalent debilitating mental illness; it is characterized as a disorder of mood,cognitive function, and neurovegetative function. About one in ten individuals experience depression at some stage of their lives. Antidepressant drugs are used to reduce the symptoms but relapse occurs in *20% of patients. However,alternate therapies like brain stimulation techniques have shown promising results in this regard. This review covers the brain stimulation techniques electroconvulsive therapy,transcranial direct current stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and deep brain stimulation, which are used as alternatives to antidepressant drugs, and elucidates their research and clinical outcomes. | Hafsah Akhtar Faiza Bukhari Misbah Nazir Muhammad Nabeel Anwar Adeeb Shahzad | 2016 | Neuroscience Bulletin2016，32，1： | 8 |
| 5 | Systematic study of Ce^(3+) on the structural and magnetic properties of Cu nanosized ferrites for potential applications显示文摘Ce^(3+) substituted Cu-spinel nanoferrites CuCe_xFe_(2-x)O_4(x=0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10) were synthesized via sol-gel self-combustion hybrid route. Single phase spinel ferrite of Cu nanoferrites were examined using X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis whereas the multiphase structure was observed as Ce contents increased from x=0.06. Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TGA and DTA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) were used to find out the morphology phase and metal stretching vibrations of Ce^(3+) substituted nanocrystalline ferrites. The crystallite size was increased and found in the range of 25-91 nm. The agglomerations in Cu ferrite samples increase as the Ce^(3+) concentration increases. The magnetic properties such as remanence, saturation magnetization, coercivity, Bohr magneton and magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant(K) were determined using M-H loops recorded from a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM). Saturation magnetization, remanence and coercivity are increased as the Ce^(3+)contents increase in Cu nanocrystalline samples. Moreover, law of approach to saturation(LoA) was used to calculate the maximum value of saturation for Ce-doped Cu nanoferrites. The soft magnetic behaviour of the Cu nanoferrite is observed as compared to the samples substituted with the increased Ce contents in Cu nanocrystalline ferrite. Bohr magneton and magnetocrystalline anisotropy are found to increase with the substitution of rare earth Ce^(3+) contents in Cu spinel nanocrystalline ferrite. Cedoped Cu nanocrystalline ferrites with excellent properties may be suitable for potential applications in sensing, security, switching, core, multilayer chip inductor, biomedical and microwave absorption applications. | Majid Niaz Akhtar A.B.Sulong M.N.Akhtar Muhammad Azhar Khan | 2018 | Journal of Rare Earths2018，36，2： | 6 |
| 6 | A gelatin-based artificial SEI for lithium deposition regulation and polysulfide shuttle suppression in lithium-sulfur batteries显示文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is one of the best candidates for the next-generation energy storage system due to its high theoretical capacity(1675 mA h-1),low cost and environment friendliness.However,lithium(Li) dendrites formation and polysulfide shuttle effect are two major challenges that limit the commercialization of Li-S batteries.Here we design a facile bifunctional interlayer of gelatin-based fibers(GFs),aiming to protect the Li anode surface from the dendrites growth and also hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect.We reveal that the 3D structural network of GFs layer with abundant polar sites helps to homogenize Li-ion flux,leading to uniform Li-ion deposition.Meanwhile,the polar moieties also immobilize the lithium polysulfides and protect the Li metal from the side-reaction.As a result,the anodeprotected batteries have shown significantly enhanced performance.A high coulombic efficiency of 96% after 160 cycles has been achieved in the Li-Cu half cells.The Li-Li symmetric cells exhibit a prolonged lifespan for 800 h with voltage hysteresis(10 mV).With the as-prepared GFs layer,the Li-S battery shows approximately 14% higher capacity retention than the pristine battery at 0.5 C after 100 cycles.Our work presents that this gelatin-based bi-functional interlayer provides a viable strategy for the manufacturing of advanced Li-S batteries. | Naseem Akhtar Xiaogang Sun Muhammad Yasir Akram Fakhar Zaman Weikun Wang Anbang Wang Long Chen Hao Zhang Yuepeng Guan Yaqin Huang | 2021 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2021，30，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Identification of Hydrocarbon Potential of Talhar Shale: Member of Lower Goru Formation Using Well Logs Derived Parameters, Southern Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan显示文摘Using well logs data only, the evaluation of shale gas hydrocarbon potential of Talhar Shale Member of Lower Goru Formation has been a challenge in Southern Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan. Well logs data analysis is helpful to evaluate the gas potential of source shale rocks. We introduced and applied empirical and graphical method to fulfil this task and derived geochemical parameters from well logs data. The method mentioned is cheap and fast. Talhar Shale has kerogen type III and type II which are montmorillonite clay and have potential to produce oil and gas. Talhar Shale has better sorption property. Empirical formulas are used to derive parameters, using well logs of porosity, density and uranium. Porosity and volume of kerogen, calculated from density log, give average values of 11.8% and 11.4%. Average value of level of maturity index(LMI) derived from log is 0.54, which indicates that it is at the early stage of maturity. Vitrinite reflectance is between 0.5%–0.55% as calculated by graphical method and empirical formula. Talhar Shale is at onset of oil generation, with main products of oil and gas. It is a good potential source in the study area. | Muhsan Ehsan Hanming Gu Malik Muhammad Akhtar Saiq Shakeel Abbasi Zaheen Ullah | 2018 | Journal of Earth Science2018，29，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Factors influencing hybrid maize farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions in Punjab Province,Pakistan显示文摘Hybrid maize farmers have to face diverse kinds of climate, biological, price and financial risks. Farmers' risk perceptions and risk attitudes are essential elements influencing farm operations and management decisions. However, this important issue has been overlooked in the contemporary studies and therefore there is a dearth of literature on this important issue. The present research is therefore, an attempt to fill this gap. This study aims to quantify hybrid maize farmers' perceptions of disastrous risks, their attitudes towards risk and to explore the impacts of various farm and farm household factors on farmers' risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The present study is conducted in four hybrid maize growing districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan, using cross-sectional data of 400 hybrid maize farmers. Risk matrix and equally likely certainty equivalent(ELCE) method are used to rank farmers' perceptions of four catastrophic risk sources including climate, biological, price and financial risks and to investigate farmers' risk aversion attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, probit regression is used to analyze the determinants affecting farmers' risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The results of the study showed that majority of farmers are risk averse in nature and perceive price, biological and climate to be potential sources of risks to their farm enterprise. In addition, analysis divulges that distance from farm to main market, off-farm income, location dummies for Sahiwal and Okara, age, maize farming experience, access to extension agent, significantly(either negatively or positively) influence farmers' risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The study delivers valuable insights for farmers, agricultural insurance sector, extension services researchers and agricultural policy makers about the local understanding of risks to hybrid maize crop in developing countries, like Pakistan, and have implications for research on farmers' adaptation to exposed risks. | Shoaib Akhtar LI Gu-cheng Raza Ullah Adnan Nazir Muhammad Amjed Iqbal Muhammad Haseeb Raza Nadeem Iqbal Muhammad Faisal | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，6： | 3 |
| 9 | Aluminium and cerium co-doped ZnO nanoparticles:Facile and inexpensive synthesis and visible light photocatalytic performances显示文摘Facile combustion route synthesized Al and Ce co-doped ZnO nanoparticles photocatalysts were characterized using XRD,SEM,BET,EDS,UV-visible DRS,PL,photocurrent and EIS techniques.XRD and SEM analyses identify that crystallite and particle size is reduced from 13.26 to 11.88 nm with introduction of Al and Ce into ZnO which assists inhibiting the recombination of photo generated charge carriers.UVvisible DRS spectra indicate that optical assimilation of ZnO is significantly increased to visible region(-406 nm)and band gap reduces from 3.18 to 3.06 eV with introduction of Al and Ce co-dopants.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis under visible light illumination confirms the enhancement in visible light activity of Al and Ce co-doped ZnO nanoparticles as photocatalysts.The enhanced activity of Al and Ce co-doped ZnO photocatalyst can be ascribed to enhanced light assimilation,high surface area and efficient charge transfer process.Our results reveal that by incorporating precise amount of Al(~2%)and Ce(~2%)into ZnO,a highly efficient catalyst can be synthesized that have degraded almost 95%methyl orange(MO)dye in just 45 min.Further,the influence of various operational parameters such as solution pH,catalyst dose,dye concentration,airflow rate and light intensity on photodecomposition of MO was evaluated.Furthe rmore,a possible mechanism for Al and Ce modified ZnO was proposed and designed photocatalysts demonstrates good stability in aqueous medium. | Irshad Ahmad Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar Ejaz Ahmed Mukhtar Ahmad | 2021 | Journal of Rare Earths2021，39，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Synthesis of yttrium and cerium doped ZnO nanoparticles as highly inexpensive and stable photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution显示文摘Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion route and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),photoluminescence(PL)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)techniques.The introduction of yttrium ions has efficiently increased the relative percentage of Ce^(3+)ions in ZnO.Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO shows efficient photo activity for hydrogen evolution(10.61 mmol/((g·h))higher than previously reported optimal value for rare earth codoped ZnO photocatalysts.This remarkably increased hydrogen evolution can be ascribed to the synergy between electronic anchoring effect of Y^(3+)/Y^(2+)and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)redox couples.This report presents new idea for the synthesis of efficient photocatalyst using economical route and ion anchoring effect.The hydrogen evolution was also tested using Na_(2)S and Na_(2)SO_(3)as electron donors under visible light illumination.The synthesized photocatalysts also exhibit high stability. | Irshad Ahmad Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar Mian Faisal Manzoor Muhammad Wajid Muhammad Noman Ejaz Ahmed Mukhtar Ahmad Waheed Qamar Khan Anwar M.Rana | 2021 | Journal of Rare Earths2021，39，4： | 2 |
| 11 | The electronic and magnetic properties of wurtzite Mn:CdS, Cr:CdS and Mn:Cr:CdS: first principles calculations显示文摘In this article, density functional theory(DFT) based on generalized gradient approximation(GGA)and GGACU, U is Hubbard term, is used to study the electronic properties of CdS doped with different dopants(Cr, Mn). The calculations are carried out for Mn-doped CdS, Cr-doped CdS, and co-doping of Mn/Cr in CdS simultaneously. It is found that hopping of electrons is possible with Cr:CdS and Mn:Cr:CdS while Mn:CdS does not allow the hopping of electrons. Moreover, double exchange interactions are observed in Cr:CdS and d-d superexchange interactions are observed in Mn:CdS. Now the problem becomes interesting when one magnetic ion(Cr) supporting double exchange interactions and another ion(Mn) supporting d-d super-exchange interactions are doped simultaneously in the same system(CdS). The co-doped CdS is more stable even at high Curie temperature due to p-d double exchange interactions and d-d super exchange interactions. Furthermore, the Cr-3d and Mn-3d states present in-between the band gap are responsible for inner shell transitions and hence for optical properties.Therefore, the co-doped system is taken into account to enhance its applications in the field of spintronic and magneto-optical devices. | Azeem Nabi Zarmeena Akhtar Tahir Iqbal Atif Ali Muhammad Arshad Javid | 2017 | Journal of Semiconductors2017，38，7： | 2 |
| 12 | Mobilization and Acquisition of Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Starved Environment I. Differential Growth Response,P-Efficiency Characteristics and P-Remobilization显示文摘Phosphorus (P) starvation is highly notorious for limiting plant growth around the globe. To combat P-starvation,plants constantly sense the changes in their environment,and elicit an elegant myriad of plastic responses and rescue strategies to enhance P-solublization and acquisition from bound soil P-forms. Relative growth responses,P-solublization and P-acquisition ability of 14 diverse Brassica cultivars grown with sparingly soluble P-sources (Rock-P (RP) and Ca3(PO4)2 (TCP)) were evaluated in a solution culture experiment. Cultivars showed considerable genetic diversity in terms of biomass accumulation,concentration and contents of P and Ca in shoots and roots,P-stress factor (PSF) and P use efficiency. Cultivars showed variable P-stress tolerance,and cultivars depicting low PSF and high P-efficiency values were better adaptable to P-starvation. In experiment 2,after initial feeding on optimum nutrition for 12 d after transplanting (DAT),class-I (low P-tolerant (Oscar and Con-II)) and class-II (low P-sensitive (Gold Rush and RL-18)) cultivars were exposed to P-free environment for 25 d. All of the cultivars remobilized P from above ground parts to their roots during growth in P-free environment,the magnitude of which was variable in tested cultivars. P-concentrations ([P]s) at 37 DAT were higher in developing compared with developed leaves. Translocation of absorbed P from metabolically inactive to active sites in P-stressed plants may have helped class-I cultivars to establish a better rooting system,which provided a basis for enhanced P-utilization efficiency (PUE) and tolerance against P-stress. By supplying TCP and RP spatially separated from other nutrients in split root study,class-I cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently compared with class-II cultivars. To compare the growth behavior under P-stress,cultivars were grown in pots for 41 d after sowing,using a soil low in P (NaHCO3-extractable P = 3.97 mg/kg,Mehlich-III-extractable P = 6.13 mg/kg) with (+P = 60 mg P/kg soil) or without P addition (0P) in study 4. Tested cultivars showed genetic diversity in PUE,P-efficiency (PE),P-efficiency ratio (PER) and PSF. P-stress markedly reduced biomass and plant P contents. Cultivars that produced higher root biomass accumulated higher total P-contents (r = 0.98??),which in turn was related negatively to PSF (r = ?0.95??) and positively to shoot and total biomass. PER and PE showed significant correlations with shoot P-contents and biomass. Cultivars depicting high PUE and PE,and low PSF values showed better growth behavior under low soil P-environment. Systematic analysis and deployment of the plant rescue traits underlying the nutrient acquisition,assimilation,utilization and remobilization under P-starvation will bring more sparingly soluble P into cropping systems and will help to scavenge more P from plant unavailable bound P reserves. | Muhammad Shahbaz Akhtar Yoko Oki Tadashi Adachi | 2009 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2009，51，11： | 2 |
| 13 | Mobilization and Acquisition of Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Starved Environment II. Rhizospheric pH changes,Redesigned Root Architecture and Pi-Uptake Kinetics显示文摘Non-mycorrhizal Brassica does not produce specialized root structures such as cluster or dauciform roots but is an effective user of P compared with other crops. In addition to P-uptake,utilization and remobilization activity,acquisition of orthophosphate (Pi) from extracellular sparingly P-sources or unavailable bound P-forms can be enhanced by biochemical rescue mechanisms such copious H+-efflux and/or carboxylates exudation into rhizosphere by roots via plasmalemma H+ ATPase and anion channels triggered by P-starvation. To visualize the dissolution of sparingly soluble Ca-phosphate (Ca-P),newly formed Ca-P was suspended in agar containing other essential nutrients. With NH4+ applied as the N source,the precipitate dissolved in the root vicinity can be ascribed to rhizosphere acidification,whereas no dissolution occurred with nitrate nutrition. To observe in situ rhizospheric pH changes,images were recorded after embedding the roots in agar containing bromocresol purple as a pH indicator. P-tolerant cultivar showed a greater decrease in pH than the sensitive cultivar in the culture media (the appearance of typical patterns of various colors of pH indicator in the root vicinity),and at stress P-level this acidification was more prominent. In experiment 2,low P-tolerant class-I cultivars (Oscar and Con-II) showed a greater decrease in solution media pH than low P-sensitive class-II (Gold Rush and RL-18) cultivars,and P-contents of the cultivars was inversely related to decrease in culture media pH. To elucidate P-stress-induced remodeling and redesigning in a root architectural system,cultivars were grown in rhizoboxes in experiment 3. The elongation rates of primary roots increased as P-supply increased,but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots decreased. The length of the lateral roots and topological index values increased when cultivars were exposed to a P-stress environment. To elucidate Pi-uptake kinetics,parameters related to P influx:maximal transport rate (Vmax),the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km),and the external concentration when net uptake is zero (Cmin) were tested in experiment 4. Lower Km and Cmin values were better indicative of the P-uptake ability of the class-I cultivars,evidencing their adaptability to P-starved environmental cues. In experiment 5,class-I cultivars exuded two-to threefold more carboxylates than class-II cultivars under the P-stress environment. The amount and types of carboxylates exuded from the roots of P-starved plants differed from those of plants grown under P-sufficient conditions. Nevertheless,the exudation rate of both class-I and class-II cultivars decreased with time,and the highest exudation rate was found after the first 4 h of carboxylates collection. Higher P uptake by class-I cultivars was significantly related to the drop in root medium pH,which can be ascribed to H+-efflux from the roots supplied with sparingly soluble rock-P and Ca3(PO4)2. These classical rescue strategies provided the basis of P-solubilization and acquisition from sparingly soluble P-sources by Brassica cultivars to thrive in a typically stressful environment. | Muhammad Shahbaz Akhtar Yoko Oki Tadashi Adachi | 2009 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2009，51，11： | 2 |
| 14 | 腐植酸产品特性及其对真菌和植物生长的影响显示文摘天然腐植酸主要来自风化煤和褐煤等,其产品主要有Pak腐植酸盐、腐植酸盐肥料、PakHumax、Hum-kara和Humide等,它们在使用之前必须了解其功效。本研究比较了4种腐植酸肥料的理化性质、光学特性以及对小麦(栽培品种Sehr)、绿豆(绿豆-54)、玉米(C-12)和田菁种子萌发和生长的影响,同时研究了它们对4种真菌的影响。4种腐植酸肥料的含水量为52%~71.11%,溶解度为30.2%~98.2%,密度为1.67~4.17g/mL,2%腐植酸肥料水溶液pH值为5.39~10.11,EC值为3.140~1.143mS/cm。4种腐植酸肥料的碳含量为22.95%~36.56%、氮含量为0.658%~1.183%,相应的C/N比为30.91~44.16。将4种腐植酸肥料用0.1mol/LNaOH溶液溶解,分离获得腐植酸和黄腐酸,按含碳量计算,含碳量40.3%~77.5%的为腐植酸,含碳量22.5%~59.7%的为黄腐酸。对腐植酸在400nm、500nm、600nm和700nm下的光学性质进行了研究,并对465nm和665nm条件下的吸光度进行测量,计算其比值E4/E6(即消光系数)。结果表明,E4/E6比值变化在3.64~5.48之间,且光密度随着波长的增加而降低,与腐殖质的碳含量具有显著相关性。供试的4株真菌中,根据菌落直径观察,Tricho-dermaharzianum,T.hamatum和Alternariaalternate3种真菌在0.025%腐植酸培养基上生长最好。4种腐植酸肥料对小麦、玉米、绿豆种子萌发都有抑制作用,但对田菁种子萌发具有促进作用;对小麦和玉米的根具有促进生长的作用,同时可以提高小麦和玉米芽的干物质含量,而对绿豆和田菁没有影响。研究发现,巴基斯坦市场上销售的腐植酸肥料差异很大,为保障使用者的利益,对这些肥料进行质量监测十分必要。 | Asma Lodhi Shermeen Tahir Zafar Iqbal Ansar Mahmood Muhammad Akhtar Tariq Mahmood Qureshi Muhammad Yaqub Asif Naeem 董心亮 管天玉 林启美 | 2014 | 腐植酸2014，，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Maize production under risk:The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk显示文摘Farmers in Pakistan continue to produce maize under various types of risks and adopt several strategies to manage those risks. This study is the first attempt to investigate the factors affecting the concurrent adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit which the farmers use to manage the risk to maize production. We apply bivariate and multinomial probit approaches to the primary data collected from four districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The results show that strong correlations exist between the off-farm diversification and agricultural credit which indicates that the use of one risk management strategy leads to another. The findings demonstrate that education, livestock number, maize farming experience, perceptions of biological risks and risk-averse nature of the growers significantly encourage the adoption of diversification as a risk management tool while farm size inversely affects the adoption of diversification. Similarly, in the adoption equation of credit, maize farming experience, farm size, perceptions of price and biological risks and risk attitude of farmers significantly enhance the chances of adopting agricultural credit to manage farm risks. These findings are important for the relevant stakeholders who seek to offer carefully designed risk minimizing options to the maize farmers. | Shoaib Akhtar LI Gu-cheng Adnan Nazir Amar Razzaq Raza Ullah Muhammad Faisal Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer Muhammad Haseeb Raza | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Connective tissue growth factor expression hints at aggressive nature of colorectal cancer显示文摘BACKGROUND Connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)is a mediator of transforming growth factor-beta signaling and plays a key role in connective tissue remodeling,inflammatory processes and fibrosis in various illnesses including cancer.AIM To investigate the role of CTGF in colorectal cancer(CRC)progression and to compare the CTGF expression with different clinicopathological parameters.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was performed to evaluate the CTGF expression and the results were statistically analyzed against the clinicopathological variables of patient data using STATA software version 16.RESULTS CTGF expression levels in tumor specimens were significantly higher than their paired normal specimens.The higher protein expression levels showed a significant association with smoking,staging,tumor grade,invasion depth,necrosis of tumor tissue,and both lymphovascular and perineural invasion.As per the cox regression model and classification tree analysis,tumor-nodemetastasis stage and perineural invasion were important predictors for CTGF expression and prognosis of CRC patients.Survival analysis indicated that CTGF overexpression was associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival.CONCLUSION Expression of CTGF was increased in CRC and was linked with poor overall and disease-free survival of CRC patients.These findings support prior observations and thus CTGF may be a possible prognostic marker in CRC. | Ishrat Parveiz Bhat Tahseen Bilal Rather Irfan Maqbool Gowhar Rashid Kulsum Akhtar Gulzar A Bhat Fazl Q Parray Besina Syed Ishrat Younas Khan Mohsin Kazi Muhammad D Hussain Mudassar Syed | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Engineering electrophilic atomic Ir sites on CeO_(2) colloidal spheres for selectivity control in hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds显示文摘Selective hydrogenation of the carbonyl bond inα,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is rather challenging owing to the more feasible hydrogenation of ethylenic bond from both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects.Here,we demonstrate a facile emulsionbased molecule-nanoparticle self-assembly strategy for the atomic engineering of Ir species on three-dimensional CeO_(2)spheres(Ir1@CeO_(2)).When applied to the hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes,Ir1@CeO_(2)catalyst remarkably exhibited~100%selectivity towards unsaturated alcohols,whereas the formation of Ir nanoparticles on CeO_(2)drastically decreased the selectivity for unsaturated alcohols.Spectroscopic studies revealed that strong metal-support interactions triggered the charge transfer from Ir to CeO_(2),leading to the partial reduction of Ce^(4+)to Ce^(3+)along with the formation new Ir^(δ+)-O_(2)--Ce^(3+)(OV)interfaces.The electrophilic atomic Ir species at the Ir^(δ+)-O_(2)--Ce^(3+)(OV)interfaces would therefore preferentially adsorb and facilitate hydrogenation of polar C=O bond to achieve exceptional selectivity. | Muhammad Mateen Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar Ling Gao Weng-Chon(Max)CHEONG Shanshan Lv Yan Zhou Zheng Chen | 2022 | Nano Research2022，15，8： | 1 |
| 18 | In vivo anthelmintic activity of ginger against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep显示文摘 | Zafar Iqbal Muhammad Lateef Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur Anwarul Hassan Gilani | 2005 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology2005，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Total Anthocyanin Contents of Extracts from Pulp and Peel of Malus domestica显示文摘 | HAJI Muhammad Shoaib Khan NAVEED Akhtar | 2012 | Asian Journal of Chemistry2012，24，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Improving performance of FxLMS algorithm for active noise control of impulsive noise 显示文摘 | Tahir Akhtar Muhammad Mitsuhashi Wataru | 2009 | Journal of Sound and Vibration2009，327，13： | 1 |
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