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| 1 | Factors influencing hybrid maize farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions in Punjab Province,Pakistan显示文摘Hybrid maize farmers have to face diverse kinds of climate, biological, price and financial risks. Farmers' risk perceptions and risk attitudes are essential elements influencing farm operations and management decisions. However, this important issue has been overlooked in the contemporary studies and therefore there is a dearth of literature on this important issue. The present research is therefore, an attempt to fill this gap. This study aims to quantify hybrid maize farmers' perceptions of disastrous risks, their attitudes towards risk and to explore the impacts of various farm and farm household factors on farmers' risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The present study is conducted in four hybrid maize growing districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan, using cross-sectional data of 400 hybrid maize farmers. Risk matrix and equally likely certainty equivalent(ELCE) method are used to rank farmers' perceptions of four catastrophic risk sources including climate, biological, price and financial risks and to investigate farmers' risk aversion attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, probit regression is used to analyze the determinants affecting farmers' risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The results of the study showed that majority of farmers are risk averse in nature and perceive price, biological and climate to be potential sources of risks to their farm enterprise. In addition, analysis divulges that distance from farm to main market, off-farm income, location dummies for Sahiwal and Okara, age, maize farming experience, access to extension agent, significantly(either negatively or positively) influence farmers' risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The study delivers valuable insights for farmers, agricultural insurance sector, extension services researchers and agricultural policy makers about the local understanding of risks to hybrid maize crop in developing countries, like Pakistan, and have implications for research on farmers' adaptation to exposed risks. | Shoaib Akhtar LI Gu-cheng Raza Ullah Adnan Nazir Muhammad Amjed Iqbal Muhammad Haseeb Raza Nadeem Iqbal Muhammad Faisal | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，6： | 3 |
| 2 | Aluminium and cerium co-doped ZnO nanoparticles:Facile and inexpensive synthesis and visible light photocatalytic performances显示文摘Facile combustion route synthesized Al and Ce co-doped ZnO nanoparticles photocatalysts were characterized using XRD,SEM,BET,EDS,UV-visible DRS,PL,photocurrent and EIS techniques.XRD and SEM analyses identify that crystallite and particle size is reduced from 13.26 to 11.88 nm with introduction of Al and Ce into ZnO which assists inhibiting the recombination of photo generated charge carriers.UVvisible DRS spectra indicate that optical assimilation of ZnO is significantly increased to visible region(-406 nm)and band gap reduces from 3.18 to 3.06 eV with introduction of Al and Ce co-dopants.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis under visible light illumination confirms the enhancement in visible light activity of Al and Ce co-doped ZnO nanoparticles as photocatalysts.The enhanced activity of Al and Ce co-doped ZnO photocatalyst can be ascribed to enhanced light assimilation,high surface area and efficient charge transfer process.Our results reveal that by incorporating precise amount of Al(~2%)and Ce(~2%)into ZnO,a highly efficient catalyst can be synthesized that have degraded almost 95%methyl orange(MO)dye in just 45 min.Further,the influence of various operational parameters such as solution pH,catalyst dose,dye concentration,airflow rate and light intensity on photodecomposition of MO was evaluated.Furthe rmore,a possible mechanism for Al and Ce modified ZnO was proposed and designed photocatalysts demonstrates good stability in aqueous medium. | Irshad Ahmad Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar Ejaz Ahmed Mukhtar Ahmad | 2021 | Journal of Rare Earths2021，39，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Synthesis of yttrium and cerium doped ZnO nanoparticles as highly inexpensive and stable photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution显示文摘Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion route and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),photoluminescence(PL)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)techniques.The introduction of yttrium ions has efficiently increased the relative percentage of Ce^(3+)ions in ZnO.Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO shows efficient photo activity for hydrogen evolution(10.61 mmol/((g·h))higher than previously reported optimal value for rare earth codoped ZnO photocatalysts.This remarkably increased hydrogen evolution can be ascribed to the synergy between electronic anchoring effect of Y^(3+)/Y^(2+)and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)redox couples.This report presents new idea for the synthesis of efficient photocatalyst using economical route and ion anchoring effect.The hydrogen evolution was also tested using Na_(2)S and Na_(2)SO_(3)as electron donors under visible light illumination.The synthesized photocatalysts also exhibit high stability. | Irshad Ahmad Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar Mian Faisal Manzoor Muhammad Wajid Muhammad Noman Ejaz Ahmed Mukhtar Ahmad Waheed Qamar Khan Anwar M.Rana | 2021 | Journal of Rare Earths2021，39，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Maize production under risk:The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk显示文摘Farmers in Pakistan continue to produce maize under various types of risks and adopt several strategies to manage those risks. This study is the first attempt to investigate the factors affecting the concurrent adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit which the farmers use to manage the risk to maize production. We apply bivariate and multinomial probit approaches to the primary data collected from four districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The results show that strong correlations exist between the off-farm diversification and agricultural credit which indicates that the use of one risk management strategy leads to another. The findings demonstrate that education, livestock number, maize farming experience, perceptions of biological risks and risk-averse nature of the growers significantly encourage the adoption of diversification as a risk management tool while farm size inversely affects the adoption of diversification. Similarly, in the adoption equation of credit, maize farming experience, farm size, perceptions of price and biological risks and risk attitude of farmers significantly enhance the chances of adopting agricultural credit to manage farm risks. These findings are important for the relevant stakeholders who seek to offer carefully designed risk minimizing options to the maize farmers. | Shoaib Akhtar LI Gu-cheng Adnan Nazir Amar Razzaq Raza Ullah Muhammad Faisal Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer Muhammad Haseeb Raza | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，2： | 2 |
| 5 | In vivo anthelmintic activity of ginger against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep显示文摘 | Zafar Iqbal Muhammad Lateef Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur Anwarul Hassan Gilani | 2005 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology2005，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Total Anthocyanin Contents of Extracts from Pulp and Peel of Malus domestica显示文摘 | HAJI Muhammad Shoaib Khan NAVEED Akhtar | 2012 | Asian Journal of Chemistry2012，24，6： | 1 |
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