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| 1 | Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD. | Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd Amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，10： | 20 |
| 2 | Bowel cleansing before colonoscopy:Balancing efficacy,safety,cost and patient tolerance显示文摘Effective colorectal cancer screening relies on reliable colonoscopy findings which are themselves dependent on adequate bowel cleansing. Research has consistently demonstrated that inadequate bowel preparation adversely affects the adenoma detection rate and leads gastroenterologists to recommend earlier follow up than is consistent with published guidelines. Poor preparation affects as many as 30% of colonoscopies and contributes to an increased cost of colonoscopies. Patient tolerability is strongly affected by the preparation chosen and manner in which it is administered. Poor tolerability is,in turn,associated with lower quality bowel preparations. Recently,several new developments in both agents being used for bowel preparation and in the timing of administration have brought endoscopists closer to achieving the goal of effective,reliable,safe,and tolerable regimens. Historically,large volume preparations given in a single dose were administered to patients in order to achieve adequate bowel cleansing. These were poorly tolerated,and the unpleasant taste of and significant side effects produced by these large volume regimens contributed significantly to patients' inability to reliably complete the preparation and to a reluctance to repeat the procedure. Smaller volumes,including preparations that are administered as tablets to be consumed with water,given as split doses have significantly improved both the patient experience and efficacy,and an appreciation of the importance of the preparation to colonoscopy interval have produced additional cleansing. | Nicole M Harrison Michael C Hjelkrem | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，1： | 19 |
| 3 | The evolution and functional diversification of animal microRNA genes显示文摘microRNAs (miRNAs ) 是 22 核苷酸(nt ) 的一个丰富的班在更高真核细胞的染色体是弥漫的规章的 RNA。以便充分在染色体理解他们的突起,阐明是必要的能多样化 miRNA 活动的分子的机制。在这评论,我们描述一些允许新奇 miRNA 功能出现的许多策略,与 miRNA 基因怎么在动物演变的特别强调。这些机制在他们的顺序包括变化,处理,或表示模式;miRNA 的获得 * 功能或 antisense 处理;并且 de novo 基因出生。miRNAs 的设备和通用性位于下面多半演变并且变化他们怎么成为了更高的染色体的主导的成分。 | Na Liu Katsutomo Okamura David M Tyler Michael D Phillips Wei-Jen Chung Eric C Lai | 2008 | Cell Research2008，18，10： | 17 |
| 4 | miR-200 family expression is downregulated upon neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus显示文摘AIM: To investigate miR-200 family expression in Barrett's epithelium, gastric and duodenal epithelia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure miR-200, ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of miR-200 targets was used to predict biological outcomes. RESULTS: Barrett's epithelium expressed lower levels of miR-141 and miR-200c than did gastric and duodenal epithelia (P < 0.001). In silico analysis indicated roles for the miR-200 family in molecular pathways that distinguish Barrett's epithelium from gastric and duodenalepithelia, and which control apoptosis and proliferation. All miR-200 members were downregulated in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.02), and miR-200c expression was also downregulated in non-invasive epithelium adjacent to adenocarcinoma (P < 0.02). The expression of all miR-200 members was lower in Barrett's epithelium derived high-grade dysplastic cell lines than in a cell line derived from benign Barrett's epithelium. We observed signif icant inverse correlations between miR-200 family expression and ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression in Barrett's epithelium and esophageal adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: miR-200 expression might contribute to the anti-apoptotic and proliferative phenotype of Barrett's epithelium and regulate key neoplastic processes in this epithelium. | Cameron M Smith David I Watson Mary P Leong George C Mayne Michael Z Michael Bas PL Wijnhoven Damian J Hussey | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，8： | 13 |
| 5 | Significant association between ABO blood group and pancreatic cancer显示文摘AIM:To evaluate whether the ABO blood group is related to pancreatic cancer risk in the general population of the United States.METHODS:Using the University of Pittsburgh's clinicalpancreatic cancer registry,the blood donor database from our local blood bank (Central Blood Bank),and the blood product recipient database from the regional transfusion service (Centralized Transfusion Service) in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,we identified 274 pancreatic cancer patients with previously determined serological ABO blood group information.The ABO blood group frequency was compared between these patients and 708842 individual,community-based blood donors who had made donations to Pittsburgh's Central Blood Bank between 1979 and 2009.RESULTS:The frequency of blood group A was statistically significantly higher amongst pancreatic cancer patients compared to its frequency amongst the regional blood donors [47.63% vs 39.10%,odds ratio (OR)=1.43,P=0.004].Conversely,the frequency of blood group O was significantly lower amongst pancreatic cancer patients relative to the community blood donors (32.12% vs 43.99%,OR=0.60,P=0.00007).There were limited blood group B (n=38) and AB (n=17) pancreatic cancer patients;the overall P trend value comparing patient to donor blood groups was 0.001.CONCLUSION:The ABO blood group is associated with pancreatic cancer risk.Future studies should examine the mechanism linking pancreatic cancer risk to ABO blood group. | Julia B Greer Mark H Yazer Jay S Raval M Michael Barmada Randall E Brand David C Whitcomb | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，44： | 10 |
| 6 | Orally administered extract from Prunella vulgaris attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a^(-/-) mice显示文摘AIM: To investigate the ability of a Prunella vulgaris(P. vulgaris) ethanolic extract to attenuate spontaneous typhlocolitis in mdr1a-/- mice. METHODS: Vehicle(5% ethanol) or P. vulgaris ethanolic extract(2.4 mg/d) were administered daily by oral gavage to mdr1a-/- or wild type FVBWT mice from 6 wk of age up to 20 wk of age. Clinical signs of disease were noted by monitoring weight loss. Mice experiencingweight loss in excess of 15% were removed from the study. At the time mice were removed from the study, blood and colon tissue were collected for analyses that included histological evaluation of lesions, inflammatory cytokine levels, and myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS: Administration of P. vulgaris extracts to mdr1a-/- mice delayed onset of colitis and reduced severity of mucosal inflammation when compared to vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice. Oral administration of the P. vulgaris extract resulted in reduced(P < 0.05) serum levels of IL-10(4.6 ± 2 vs 19.4 ± 4), CXCL9(1319.0 ± 277 vs 3901.0 ± 858), and TNFα(9.9 ± 3 vs 14.8 ± 1) as well as reduced gene expression by more than two-fold for Ccl2, Ccl20, Cxcl1, Cxcl9, IL-1 α, Mmp10, VCAM-1, ICAM, IL-2, and TNFα in the colonic mucosa of mdr1a-/- mice compared to vehicle-treated mdr1a-/-mice. Histologically, several microscopic parameters were reduced(P < 0.05) in P. vulgaris-treated mdr1a-/-mice, as was myeloperoxidase activity in the colon(2.49 ± 0.16 vs 3.36 ± 0.06, P < 0.05). The numbers of CD4+ T cells(2031.9 ± 412.1 vs 5054.5 ± 809.5) and germinal center B cells(2749.6 ± 473.7 vs 4934.0 ± 645.9) observed in the cecal tonsils of P. vulgaris-treated mdr1a-/- were significantly reduced(P < 0.05) from vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice. Vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice were found to produce serum antibodies to antigens derived from members of the intestinal microbiota, indicative of severe colitis and a loss of adaptive tolerance to the members of the microbiota. These serum antibodies were greatly reduced or absent in P. vulgaris-treated mdr1a-/- mice. CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory activity of P. vulgaris ethanolic extract effectively attenuated the severity of intestinal inflammation in mdr1a-/- mice. | Kelley MK Haarberg Meghan J Wymore Brand Anne-Marie C Overstreet Catherine C Hauck Patricia A Murphy Jesse M Hostetter Amanda E Ramer-Tait Michael J Wannemuehler | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2015，6，4： | 8 |
| 7 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 8 | Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer’s pathological cascade显示文摘 | Clifford R Jack David S Knopman William J Jagust Leslie M Shaw Paul S Aisen Michael W Weiner Ronald C Petersen John Q Trojanowski | 2010 | Lancet Neurology2010，，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Campylobacter concisus and inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Investigation of the possible role of Campylobacter concisus(C. concisus) in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is an emerging research area. Despite the association found between C. concisus and IBD, it has been difficult to explain how C. concisus, a bacterium that is commonly present in the human oral cavity, may contribute to the development of enteric diseases. The evidence presented in this review shows that some C. concisus strains in the oral cavity acquired zonula occludens toxin(zot) gene from a virus(prophage) and that C. concisus Zot shares conserved motifs with both Vibrio cholerae Zot receptor binding domain and human zonulin receptor binding domain. Both Vibrio cholerae Zot and human zonulin are known to increase intestinal permeability by affecting the tight junctions. Increased intestinal permeability is a feature of IBD. Based on these data, we propose that a primary barrier function defect caused by C. concisus Zot is a mechanism by which zot-positive C. concisus strains may trigger the onset and relapse of IBD. | Li Zhang Hoyul Lee Michael C Grimm Stephen M Riordan Andrew S Day Daniel A Lemberg | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，5： | 4 |
| 10 | Simulation in endoscopy:Practical educational strategies to improve learning显示文摘In gastrointestinal endoscopy, simulation-based training can help endoscopists acquire new skills and accelerate the learning curve. Simulation creates an ideal environment for trainees, where they can practice specific skills, perform cases at their own pace, and make mistakes with no risk to patients. Educators also benefit from the use of simulators, as they can structure training according to learner needs and focus solely on the trainee. Not all simulation-based training,however, is effective. To maximize benefits from this instructional modality,educators must be conscious of learners' needs, the potential benefits of training,and associated costs. Simulation should be integrated into training in a manner that is grounded in educational theory and empirical data. In this review, we focus on four best practices in simulation-based education: deliberate practice with mastery learning, feedback and debriefing, contextual learning, and innovative educational strategies. For each topic, we provide definitions,supporting evidence, and practical tips for implementation. | Rishad Khan Michael A Scaffidi Samir C Grover Nikko Gimpaya Catharine M Walsh | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2019，11，3： | 3 |
| 11 | p53-mediated transcriptional regulation and activation of the actin cytoskeleton regulatory RhoC to LIMK2 signaling pathway promotes cell survival显示文摘响应 DNA 损坏的房间命运的中央仲裁人是 p53,它调整涉及房间周期拘捕,幸存和 apoptosis 的基因的表示。尽管 DNA 损坏开始的许多回答被描绘了,肌动朊细胞骨架管理者的角色大部分是未知的。我们现在显示出那 RhoC 和秘鲁利玛机场之代号 kinase (LIMK2 ) 2 是 genotoxic 代理人导致的直接 p53 目标基因。尽管 RhoC 和 LIMK2 在肌动朊细胞骨架规定有生长得很好的角色,我们的结果显示 LIMK2 的激活也有支持幸存的功能追随者 DNA 损坏。由调停 siRNA 的击倒或选择的药理学封锁的 LIMK 抑制敏化房间到无线电 -- 或化疗,以便当与 LIMK 抑制结合了时,当单身地管理了时,是尚不致命的治疗导致了房间死亡。我们的调查结果建议把 LIMK 禁止者与 genotoxic 治疗相结合能比单个代理人的管理更有效,并且加亮在肌动朊细胞骨架管理者和 DNA 之间的一个新奇连接导致损坏的房间幸存机制。 | Daniel R Croft Diane Crighton Michael S Samuel Filipe C Lourenco June Munro Jenifer Wood Karim Bensaad Karen H Vousden Owen J Sansom Kevin M Ryan Michael F Olson | 2011 | Cell Research2011，21，4： | 3 |
| 12 | Testing for HCV Infection: An Update of Guidance for Clinicians and Laboratorians显示文摘 | Getchell Jane P Wroblewski Kelly E DeMaria Alfred Bean Christine L Parker Monica M Pandori Mark Dufour D Robert Busch Michael P Brecher Mark E Meyer William A Pesano Rick L Teo Chong-Gee Beckett Geoffrey A Araujo Aufra C Branson Bernard M D | 2013 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report2013，，18： | 3 |
| 13 | Sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C genotype-1 infection (ATOMIC): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Kris V Kowdley Eric Lawitz Israel Crespo Tarek Hassanein Mitchell N Davis Michael DeMicco David E Bernstein Nezam Afdhal John M Vierling Stuart C Gordon Jane K Anderson Robert H Hyland Hadas Dvory-Sobol Di An Robert G Hindes Efsevia Albanis William T Symo | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9883： | 3 |
| 14 | Clinical classification of symptomatic heterotopic pancreas of the stomach and duodenum:A case series and systematic literature review显示文摘BACKGROUND Heterotopic pancreas(HP)is an aberrant anatomic malformation that occurs most commonly in the upper gastrointestinal tract.While the majority of heterotopic pancreatic lesions are asymptomatic,many manifest severe clinical symptoms which require surgical or endoscopic intervention.Understanding of the clinical manifestations and symptoms of HP is limited due to the lack of large volume studies in the literature.The purpose of this study is to review symptomatic cases at a single center and compare these to a systematic review of the literature in order to characterize common clinical manifestations and treatment of this disease.AIM To classify the common clinical manifestations of heterotopic pancreas.METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of pathologic samples containing heterotopic pancreas from 2000-2018.Review was limited to HP of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to the frequency of presentation in this location.Symptomatic patients were identified from review of the medical records and clinical symptoms were tabulated.These were compared to a systematic review of the literature utilizing Pub Med and Embase searches for papers pertaining to heterotopic pancreas.Publications describing symptomatic presentation of HP were selected for review.Information including demographics,symptoms,presentation and treatment were compiled and analyzed.RESULTS Twenty-nine patient were identified with HP at a single center,with six of these identified has having clinical symptoms.Clinical manifestations included,gastrointestinal bleeding,gastric ulceration with/without perforation,pancreatitis,and gastric outlet obstruction.Systemic review of the literature yielded 232 publications detailing symptomatic cases with only 20 studies describing ten or more patients.Single and multi-patient studies were combined to form a cohort of 934 symptomatic patients.The majority of patients presented with abdominal pain(67%)combined with one of the following clinical categories:(1)Dyspepsia,(n=445,48%);(2)Pancreatitis(n=260,28%);(3)Gastrointestinal bleeding(n=80,9%);and(4)Gastric outlet obstruction(n=80,9%).The majority of cases(n=832,90%)underwent surgical or endoscopic resection with 85%reporting resolution or improvement in their symptoms.CONCLUSION Heterotopic pancreas can cause significant clinical symptoms in the upper gastrointestinal tract.Better understanding and classification of this disease may result in more accurate identification and treatment of this malformation. | Michael T Le Compte Brandon Mason Keenan J Robbins Motoyo Yano Deyali Chatterjee Ryan C Fields Steven M Strasberg William G Hawkins | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，14： | 3 |
| 15 | Advances in cellulose ester performance and application显示文摘 | Kevin J Edgar Charles M Buchanan John S Debenham Paul A Rundquist Brian D Seiler Michael C Shelton Debra Tindall | 2001 | Progress in Polymer Science2001，，9： | 2 |
| 16 | Outcomes after arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears in the setting of mild to moderate glenohumeral osteoarthritis显示文摘BACKGROUND Rotator cuff pathology is a very common source of shoulder pain.Similarly,osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint can cause shoulder pain and produce similar symptoms.Surgical management can be indicated for both pathologies,however,outcomes data is limited when examining rotator cuff repair(RCR) in the setting of glenohumeral arthritis(GHOA).Thus,this study sought to determine outcomes for patients who undergo RCR in the setting of GHOA.AIM To evaluate if a relationship exists between outcomes of RCR in the setting of GHOA.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with concurrent glenohumeral osteoarthritis between 2010-2017.Patients were stratified based on rotator cuff tear size and glenohumeral osteoarthritis severity.Cohorts were paired 1:1 with patients without glenohumeral osteoarthritis.Patients included had a minimum two year follow-up.Rate of conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty,complication rates following initial surgery,and patient-reported outcome measures were collected.RESULTS A total of 142 patients were included.The number of patients that required total shoulder arthroplasty within two years after index surgery was low.2/71(2.8%) patients with GHOA,and 1/71(1.4%) without GHOA.Following rotator cuff repair,both groups showed favorable patientreported outcomes.CONCLUSION Patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair showed comparable outcomes to patients without glenohumeral osteoarthritis. | Ian S Hong Allison J Rao Tyler L CarlLee Joshua D Meade Daniel J Hurwit Gregory Scarola David P Trofa Shadley C Schiffern Nady Hamid Patrick M Connor James E Fleischli Bryan Michael Saltzman | 2022 | World Journal of Orthopedics2022，13，7： | 2 |
| 17 | Degradation Mechanisms of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, Quantum Electronics显示文摘 | Michael C Y Robert W H Pierre M P | 1996 | IEEE Journal1996，32，： | 2 |
| 18 | Simulation of deployment dynamics of inflatable structures 显示文摘 | SALAMA M KUO C P MICHAEL L | 2000 | AIAA Journal2000，38，12： | 2 |
| 19 | HIV fusion and its inhibition in antiretroviral therapy显示文摘 | MICHAEL G B NIKE C M | 2004 | Rew Med Virol2004，14，： | 1 |
| 20 | Stroke subtype classification to mechanism-specific and undetermined categories by TOAST,ASCO,and Causative Classification System显示文摘 | Michael M Caroline AD Orla C | 2010 | Stroke2010，41，8： | 1 |
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