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| 1 | 自发性脑出血管理指南 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的指南显示文摘目的本指南旨在为自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的全面推荐意见。方法利用PubMed进行规范化文献检索,检索时间至2013年8月底。撰写委员会成员通过远程电信会议讨论指南内容及推荐意见,采用美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的疗效确定性水平和证据分级方案对推荐意见进行分级。由6位同行评议专家以及卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会和卒中委员会领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发表前审阅。结果本文为急性脑出血患者的医疗诊治提供了循证指南,重点包括诊断、凝血功能障碍和血压管理、继发性脑损伤防治、颅内压控制、外科治疗的作用、转归预测、康复、二级预防以及将来需要考虑的问题。本指南已纳入最新的3期临床试验结果。结论脑出血是一种需要进行早期积极救治的危重疾病。本指南为脑出血患者的目标导向治疗提供了一个框架。 | J. Claude Hemphill Ⅲ Steven M. Greenberg Craig S. Anderson Kyra Beckelr Bernard R. Bendok Mary Cushman Gordon L. Fung Joshua N. Goldstein R. LochMacdonald Pamela H Mitchell, Phillip A Scott,Magdy H Selim, Daniel Woo 高圆圆 徐欣 | 2015 | 国际脑血管病杂志2015，23，10： | 444 |
| 2 | Biliary complications following liver transplantation显示文摘Biliary tract complications are the most common complications after liver transplantation.These complications are encountered more commonly as a result of increased number of liver transplantations and the prolonged survival of transplant patients.Biliary complications remain a major source of morbidity in liver transplant patients,with an incidence of 5%-32%.Post liver transplantation biliary complications include strictures(anastomotic and non-anastomotic),leaks,stones,sphincter of Oddi dysfunction,and recurrence of primary biliary disease such as primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.The risk of occurrence of a specific biliary complication is related to the type of biliary reconstruction performed at the time of liver transplantation.In this article we seek to review the major biliary complications and their relation to the type of biliary reconstruction performed at the time of liver tranplantation. | Gursimran Kochhar Jose Mari Parungao Ibrahim A Hanouneh Mansour A Parsi | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，19： | 41 |
| 3 | IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are prognostic but not predictive for outcome in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors: a report of the European Organization for Research and Treat- ment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group显示文摘 | van den Bent M J Dubbink HJ Marie Y Brandes AA Taphoorn MJ Wesseling P Frenay M Tijssen CC Lacombe D ldbaih A van Marion R Kros JM Dinjens WN Gorlia T. Sanson M. | 2010 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2010，8，1： | 22 |
| 4 | XRCC1 and DNA polymerase β in cellular protection against cytotoxic DNA single-strand breaks显示文摘 | Julie K Horton Mary Watson Donna F Stefanick Daniel T Shaughnessy Jack A Taylor Samuel H Wilson | 2008 | Cell Research2008，18，1： | 17 |
| 5 | 标准·方案·指南——2014年美国癌症学会最新宫颈癌筛查指南及筛查中存在的问题显示文摘美国癌症学会(ACS)每年都会发布有关癌症早期检测、癌症筛查率数据与趋势报告及相关问题的指南,并会持续关注可能需要在癌症筛查指南中做出相应改变与更新的医学科学文献中出现的新证据以及需要传达给临床工作者与公众的筛查相关信息。在制定新指南的过程中,ACS至少每5年对指南更新1次,如有重要新证据出现,则更新间隔时间会更短。本期就2014年ACS关于宫颈癌筛查的最新指南报道如下。 | Robert A Smith Deana Manassaram-Baptiste Durado Brooks Vilma Cokkinides Mary Doroshenk Debbie Saslow Richard C Wender Otis W Brawley 王静 | 2014 | 中国全科医学2014，17，27： | 16 |
| 6 | Incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer in England and Wales: Changing patterns and ethnic variations显示文摘AIM: To explore recent trends, modes of diagnosis, ethnic distribution and the mortality to incidence ratio of primary liver cancer by subtypes in England and Wales. METHODS: We obtained incidence(1979-2008) and mortality(1968-2008) data for primary liver cancer for England and Wales and calculated age-standardised incidence and mortality rates. Trends in age-standardised mortality(ASMR) and incidence(ASIR) rates and basis of diagnosis of primary liver cancer and subcategories: hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic bile duct and unspecified liver tumours, were analysed over the study period. Changes in guidelines for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer(PLC) may impact changing trends in the rates that may be obtained. We thus explored changes in the mode of diagnosis as reported to cancer registries. Furthermore, we examined the distribution of these tumours by ethnicity. Most of the statistical manipulations of these data was carried out in Microsoft excel(Seattle, Washington, United Sttaes). Additional epidemiological statistics were done in Epi Info software(Atlanta, GA, United Sttaes). To define patterns of change over time, we evaluated trends in ASMR and ASIR of PLC and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma(IHBD) using a least squares regression line fitted to the natural logarithm of the mortality and incidence rates. We estimated the patterns of survival over subsequent 5 and 10 years using complement of mortality to incidence ratio(1-MIR). RESULTS: Age-standardised mortality rate of primary liver cancer increased in both sexes: from 2.56 and 1.29/100000 in 1968 to 5.10 and 2.63/100000 in 2008 for men and women respectively. The use of histology for diagnostic confirmation of primary liver cancer increased from 35.7% of registered cases in 1993 to plateau at about 50% during 2005 to 2008. Reliance on cytology as a basis of diagnosis has maintained a downward trend throughout the study period. Although approximately 30% of the PLC registrations had information on ethnicity, there was a relatively higher registration of the major tumour subtypes in patients whose ethnic backgrounds were from high incident regions of the world. Survival from PLC is estimated to get poorer in 10 years(2018) relative to 2008, particularly as a result of IHBD. CONCLUSION: Incidence and mortality of PLC, and particularly IHBD, have continued to rise in England and Wales. Changes in the modes of diagnosis may be contributing. | Nimzing G Ladep Shahid A Khan Mary ME Crossey Andrew V Thillainayagam Simon D Taylor-Robinson Mireille B Toledano | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，6： | 15 |
| 7 | 1990—2017年中国伤害负担:2017年全球疾病负担研究结果(摘译)显示文摘伤害是全球性的公共卫生挑战,涉及各年龄组和不同性别的人群。过去三十年来,中国经济快速发展,人口老龄化趋势加重,社会呈现出城镇化、机动化和老龄化等特征。随着人们生活环境和生活方式的改变,伤害已跃居人群致死原因第五位,仅排在恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病和心肌梗死之后。据估计,中国每年在伤害方面消耗的直接医疗费用约为650亿元人民币. | 林泽婷(译) 吕来文(译) 黄晓晴(译) 李丽萍(审校) Duan Leilei Ye Pengpeng Juanita A Haagsma Jin Ye Wang Yuan Er Yuliang Deng Xiao Gao Xin Ji Cuirong Wang Linhong Marlena S Bannick W Cli Mountjoy-Venning Caitlin N Hawley Zichen Liu Mari Smith Spencer L James Theo Vos Christopher J L Murray | 2020 | 伤害医学(电子版)2020，9，2： | 15 |
| 8 | Radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma:A clinical review显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer in the world.The majority of patients with HCC present with unresectable disease.These patients have historically had limited treatment options secondary to HCC demonstrating chemoresistance to the currently available systemic therapies.Additionally, normal liver parenchyma has shown intolerance to tumoricidal radiation doses,limiting the use of external beam radiation.Because of these limitations,novel percutaneous liver-directed therapies have emerged. The targeted infusion of radioactive microspheres (radioembolization)represents one such therapy. Radioembolization is a minimally invasive transcatheter therapy through which radioactive microspheres are infused into the hepatic arteries that supply tumor. Once infused,these microspheres traverse the hepatic vascular plexus and selectively implant within the tumor arterioles.Embedded within the arterioles, the 90Y impregnated microspheres emit high energy and low penetrating radiation doses selectively to the tumor.Radioembolization has recently shown promise for the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. The objective of this review article is to highlight twocurrently available radioembolic devices(90Y,188Rh)and provide the reader with a recent review of the literature. | Saad M Ibrahim Robert J Lewandowski Kent T Sato Vanessa L Gates Laura Kulik Mary F Mulcahy Robert K Ryu Reed A Omary Riad Salem | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，11： | 14 |
| 9 | Bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene controls tooth root development in coordination with formation of the periodontium显示文摘Formation of the periodontium begins following onset of tooth-root formation in a coordinated manner after birth. Dental follicle progenitor cells are thought to form the cementum, alveolar bone and Sharpey's fibers of the periodontal ligament (PDL). However, little is known about the regulatory morphogens that control differentiation and function of these progenitor cells, as well as the progenitor cells involved in crown and root formation. We investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Bmp2) in these processes by the conditional removal of the Bmp2 gene using the Sp7-Cre-EGFP mouse model. Sp7-Cre-EGFP first becomes active at E18 in the first molar, with robust Cre activity at postnatal day 0 (P0), followed by Cre activity in the second molar, which occurs after P0. There is robust Cre activity in the periodontium and third molars by 2 weeks of age. When the Bmp2 gene is removed from Sp7+ (Osterix+) cells, major defects are noted in root, cellular cementum and periodontium formation. First, there are major cell autonomous defects in root-odontoblast terminal differentiation. Second, there are major alterations in formation of the PDLs and cellular cementum, correlated with decreased nuclear factor IC (Nfic), periostin and α-SMA+ cells. Third, there is a failure to produce vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in the periodontium and the pulp leading to decreased formation of the microvascular and associated candidate stem cells in the Bmp2-cKOSp7-Cre-EGFP . Fourth, ameloblast function and enamel formation are indirectly altered in the Bmp2-cKOSp7-Cre-EGFP . These data demonstrate that the Bmp2 gene has complex roles in postnatal tooth development and periodontium formation. | Audrey Rakian Wu-Chen Yang Jelica Gluhak-Heinrich Yong Cui Marie A Harris Demitri Villarreal Jerry Q Feng Mary MacDougall Stephen E Harris | 2013 | International Journal of Oral Science2013，5，2： | 14 |
| 10 | Beyond the Pediatric end-stage liver disease system: Solutions for infants with biliary atresia requiring liver transplant显示文摘Biliary atresia(BA), a chronic progressive cholestatic disease of infants, is the leading cause for liver transplant in children, especially in patients under two years of age. BA can be successfully treated with the Kasai portoenterostomy; however most patients still require a liver transplant, with up to one half of BA children needing a transplant by age two. In the current pediatric end-stage liver disease system, children with BA face the risk of not receiving a liver in a safe and timely manner. In this review, we discuss a number of possible solutions to help these children. We focus on two general approaches:(1) preventing/delaying need for transplantation, by optimizing the success of the Kasai operation; and(2) expediting transplantation when needed, by performing techniques other than the standard deceased-donor, whole, ABO-matched organ transplant. | Mary Elizabeth M Tessier Sanjiv Harpavat Ross W Shepherd Girish S Hiremath Mary L Brandt Amy Fisher John A Goss | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，32： | 14 |
| 11 | Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma to chemoembolization显示文摘AIM: To investigate whether intra-procedural diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging can predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during trans- catheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Sixteen patients (15 male), aged 59 ±11 years (range: 42-81 years) underwent a total of 21 separate treatments for unresectable HCC in a hybrid magnetic resonance/interventional radiology suite. Ana- tomical imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 0, 500 s/mm2) were performed on a 1.5-T unit. Tumor enhancement and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC, mm2/s) values were assessed immediately before and at 1 and 3 mo after TACE. We calculated the percent change (PC) in ADC values at all time points. We compared follow-up ADC values to baseline values using a paired t test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The intra-procedural sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (%) for detecting a complete or partial 1-mo tumor response using ADC PC thresholds of ±5%, ±10%, and ±15% were 77, 67, 91, and 40; 54, 67, 88, and 25; and 46, 100, 100, and 30, respectively. There was no clear predictive value for the 3-mo follow-up. Compared to baseline, the immediate post-procedure and 1-mo mean ADC values both increased; the latter obtaining statistical significance (1.48 ± 0.29 mm2/s vs 1.65 ± 0.35 × 10-3 mm2/s, P < 0.014). CONCLUSION: Intra-procedural ADC changes of > 15% predicted 1-mo anatomical HCC response with the greatest accuracy, and can provide valuable feedback at the time of TACE. | Johnathan C Chung Neel K Naik Robert J Lewandowski Mary F Mulcahy Laura M Kulik Kent T Sato Robert K Ryu Riad Salem Andrew C Larson Reed A Omary | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，25： | 13 |
| 12 | Role of iron in hepatic fibrosis: One piece in the puzzle显示文摘铁是涉及各种各样的生物小径的一个必要元素。什么时候在房间以内在过量介绍,铁能由于它 catalyse 的能力是有毒的损坏激进分子的形成,它支持细胞的损害和细胞死亡。在肝以内,铁联系了氧化应力能导致纤维变性并且最终到肝硬化。这里,我们在与肝的各种各样的慢性病联系的病理考察过多的铁的角色。我们也描述铁由贡献肝的纤维变性的发展的分子的机制。 | Marie A Philippe Richard G Ruddell Grant A Ramm | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，35： | 11 |
| 13 | Up-regulation of mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 in ulcerative colitis associated colorectal cancer显示文摘AIM:To characterize tumor necrosis factor receptorassociated protein 1(TRAP1)expression in the progression of ulcerative colitis(UC)-associated colorectal cancer.METHODS:Chronic UC is an inflammatory bowel disease that predisposes to colorectal cancer.Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate TRAP1expression on tissue microarrays containing colonic tissues from 42 UC progressors(patients with cancer or dysplasia)and 38 non-progressors(dysplasia/cancer free patients).Statistical analyses of the TRAP1immunohistochemistry staining were performed using Graph Pad Prism.Differences in the TRAP1 level between non-progressors and progressors were tested for statistical significance using the Mann-Whitney test.Receiver operating characteristic curve method was used to quantify marker performance in distinguishing diseased cases from controls.RESULTS:TRAP1 was up-regulated in the colon tissues from UC progressors,but not in the colon tissues from UC non-progressors.Moreover,up-regulation of TRAP1 preceded the neoplastic changes:it was present in both the dysplastic and non-dysplastic tissues of UC progressors.When TRAP1 staining in rectal tissue was used as a diagnostic marker,it could distinguish progressors from non-progressors with 59%sensitivity and 80%specificity.Our study further showed that the increase of TRAP1 expression positively correlated with the degree of inflammation in the colorectal cancer tissues,which could be related to the increased oxidation present in the colonic mucosa from UC progressors.We then investigated the cellular proteome changes underlying oxidative stress,and found that oxidative stress could induce up-regulation of TRAP1 along with several other negative modulators of apoptosis.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that oxidative stress in long standing UC could lead to the increase of cytoprotective protein TRAP1,which in turn could promote cancer progression by preventing or protecting the oxidative damaged epithelial cells from undergoing apoptosis.TRAP1 could be a potential diagnostic marker for UC associated colorectal cancer. | Ru Chen Sheng Pan Keith Lai Lisa A Lai David A Crispin Mary P Bronner Teresa A Brentnall | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，45： | 9 |
| 14 | Characterization of a critical role for CFTR chloride channels in cardioprotection against ischemia/ reperfusion injury显示文摘目的: 进一步描绘膀胱的纤维变性 transmembrane 传导力管理者(CFTR ) 的功能的角色在早、迟了(第二扇窗户) ischemic preconditioning (欧洲电脑生产厂商)- 并且 postconditioning (停靠港) 调停了对 ischemia/reperfusion (I/R ) 的 cardioprotection 损害。 | Sunny Yang XIANG Linda L YE Li-lu Marie DUAN Li-hui LIU Zhi-dong GE John A AUCHAMPACH Garrett J GROSS Dayue Darrel DUAN | 2011 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2011，32，6： | 9 |
| 15 | Genetic testing in congenital heart disease:A clinical approach显示文摘Congenital heart disease(CHD) is the most common type of birth defect. Traditionally, a polygenic model defined by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors was hypothesized to account for different forms of CHD. It is now understood that the contribution of genetics to CHD extends beyond a single unified paradigm. For example, monogenic models and chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with various syndromic and non-syndromic forms of CHD. In such instances, genetic investigation and testing may potentially play an important role in clinical care. A family tree with a detailed phenotypic description serves as the initial screening tool to identify potentially inherited defects and to guide further genetic investigation. The selection of a genetic test is contingent upon the particular diagnostic hypothesis generated by clinical examination. Genetic investigation in CHD may carry the potential to improve prognosis by yielding valuable information with regards to personalized medical care, confidence in the clinical diagnosis, and/or targeted patient followup. Moreover, genetic assessment may serve as a tool to predict recurrence risk, define the pattern of inheritance within a family, and evaluate the need for further family screening. In some circumstances, prenatal or preimplantation genetic screening could identify fetuses or embryos at high risk for CHD. Although genetics may appear to constitute a highly specialized sector of cardiology, basic knowledge regarding inheritance patterns, recurrence risks, and available screening and diagnostic tools, including their strengths and limitations, could assist the treating physician in providing sound counsel. | Marie A Chaix Gregor Andelfinger Paul Khairy | 2016 | World Journal of Cardiology2016，8，2： | 8 |
| 16 | Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013显示文摘 | Marie Ng Tom Fleming Margaret Robinson Blake Thomson Nicholas Graetz Christopher Margono Erin C Mullany Stan Biryukov Cristiana Abbafati Semaw Ferede Abera Jerry P Abraham Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh Tom Achoki Fadia S AlBuhairan Zewdie A Alemu Rafael Alfonso | 2014 | The Lancet2014，，： | 7 |
| 17 | Viral hepatitis prevalence in patients with active and latent tuberculosis显示文摘AIM: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and association with drug induced liver injury(DILI) in patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis(TB) therapy.METHODS: Four hundred and twenty nine patients with newly diagnosed TB- either active disease or latent infection- who were due to commence antiTB therapy between September 2008 and May 2011 were included. These patients were prospectively tested for serological markers of HBV, HCV and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infections- hepatitis B core antigen(HBc Ag), hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag), hepatitis B e antigen, Ig G and Ig M antibody to HBc Ag(anti-HBc), HCV Ig G antibody and HIV antibody using a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot assay and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Patients were reviewed at least monthly during the TB treatment initiation phase. Liver function tests were measured prior to commencement of antiTB therapy and 2-4 wk later. Liver function tests were also performed at any time the patient had significant nausea, vomiting, rash, or felt non-specifically unwell. Fisher's exact test was used to measure significance in comparisons of proportions between groups. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Of the 429 patients, 270(62.9%) had active TB disease and 159(37.1%) had latent TB infection. 61(14.2%) patients had isolated anti-HBc positivity, 11(2.6%) were also HBs Ag positive and 7(1.6%) were HCV-antibody positive. 16/270 patients with active TB disease compared to 2/159 patients with latent TB infection had markers of chronic viral hepatitis(HBs Ag or HCV antibody positive; P = 0.023). Similarly the proportion of HBs Ag positive patients were significantly greater in the active vs latent TB infection group(10/43 vs 1/29, P = 0.04). The prevalence of chronic HBV or HCV was significantly higher than the estimated United Kingdom prevalence of 0.3% for each. We found no association between DILI and presence of serological markers of HBV or HCV. Three(5.3%) patients with serological markers of HBV or HCV infection had DILI compared to 25(9.5%) patients without; P = 0.04.CONCLUSION: Viral hepatitis screening should be considered in TB patients. DILI risk was not increased in patients with HBV/HCV. | Hesam Ahmadi Nooredinvand David W Connell Mahmoud Asgheddi Mohammed Abdullah Marie O'Donoghue Louise Campbell Melissa I Wickremasinghe Ajit Lalvani Onn Min Kon Shahid A Khan | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，29： | 7 |
| 18 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 19 | Pancreatitis in patients with pancreas divisum:Imaging features at MRI and MRCP显示文摘AIM:To determine the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features of pancreatitis with pancreas divisum(PD)and the differences vs pancreatitis without divisum.METHODS:Institutional review board approval was obtained and the informed consent requirement was waived for this HIPAA-compliant study.During one year period,1439 consecutive patients underwent successful MRCP without injection of secretin and abdominal MRI studies for a variety of clinical indications using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner.Two experienced radiologists retrospectively reviewed all the studies in consensus.Disputes were resolved via consultation with a third experienced radiologist.The assessment included presence and the imaging findings of PD,pancreatitis,and distribution of abnormalities.The pancreatitis with divisum constituted the study group while the pancreatitis without divisum served as the control group.MRCP and MRI findings were correlated with final diagnosis.Fisher exact tests and Pearson × 2 tests were performed.RESULTS:Pancreatitis was demonstrated at MRCP and MRI in 173 cases(38 cases with and 135 cases without divisum)among the 1439 consecutive cases.The recurrent acute pancreatitis accounted for 55.26%(21 of 38)in pancreatitis patients associated with PD,which was higher than 6.67%(9 of 135)in the control group,whereas the chronic pancreatitis was a dominant type in the control group(85.19%,115 of 135)when compared to the study group(42.11%,16 of 38)(χ 2 = 40.494,P < 0.0001).In cases of pancreatitis with PD,the dorsal pancreatitis accounted for a much higher percentage than that in pancreatitis without PD(17 of 38,44.74% vs 30 of 135,22.22%)(χ 2 = 7.257,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:MRCP and MRI can depict the features of pancreatitis associated with divisum.Recurrent acute pancreatitis and isolated dorsal involvement are more common in patients with divisum. | Deng-Bin Wang Jinxing Yu Ann S Fulcher Mary A Turner | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，30： | 5 |
| 20 | Highly active antiretroviral therapy dysregulates proliferation and differentiation of human pre-adipocytes显示文摘AIM To investigate the mechanism(s) by which potential effects of multi-drug highly-active antiretroviral therapy contributes to lipodystrophy syndrome. METHODS Preadipocytes from healthy donors were assessed for proliferation and differentiation in the presence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors(PIs) individually and in combination. Effects on proliferation were assessed with a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and effects on differentiation were assessed from glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH) activity and quantitation of Oil Red O staining for intracellular lipid. Data were analyzed with a randomized block ANOVA with post-hoc Fisher's Least Significant Difference test. RESULTS Preadipocyte proliferation was inhibited by a combination of NNRTI + NRTI(14% at 48 h, P < 0.001) and PI + NRTI(19% at 48 h, P < 0.001) with additional suppression when ritonavir(RTV) was added(26% at 48 h). The drug combination of atazanavir(ATV) + RTV + emtricitabine(FTC) + tenofovir(TDF) had the greatest inhibitory effect on proliferation at 48 h. Preadipocyte differentiation was most significantly reduced by the efavirenz + FTC + TDF assessed either by GPDH activity(64%) or lipid accumulation(39%), P < 0.001. Combining NRTIs with a PI(ATV + FTC + TDF) significantly suppressed differentiation(GPDH activity reduced 29%, lipid accumulation reduced by 19%, P < 0.01). This effect was slightly greater when a boosting amount of RTV was added(ATV + FTC + TDF + RTV, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although combination antiretroviral therapy is clinically more efficacious than single drug regimens, it also has a much greater inhibitory effect on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. | Eyone Jones Pavel Mazirka Margaret A McNurlan Frank Darras Marie C Gelato Giuseppe Caso | 2017 | World Journal of Virology2017，6，3： | 3 |
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