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| 1 | Review of solvent based carbon-dioxide capture technologies显示文摘当前,全球石块燃料排出物的一个大比例从象发电或工业过程那样的大点来源发源。这个趋势被期望继续直到一年 2030 并且在以外。碳俘获和存储( CCS ),一条直接、有效的碳减小途径,如果,将在从这些来源把排出物简化为未来起一个重要作用大气的二氧化碳(公司2)排出物将被稳定,全球温暖下面限制 2 的阀值?????飫?鎳????鄿????咑?些讬鶝麪鄿顉??????吗鶬???亘???额??鞬??鎬??銮隬?鄿酕????锿????????鐿???嶑?鞪??鷛醳?钅??????鮵??黛?鲘颣??頿顈顉忬?忬?? | Kathryn A. MUMFORD Yue WU Kathryn H. SMITH Geoffrey W. STEVENS | 2015 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2015，9，2： | 16 |
| 2 | 环境DNA及其在水生生态系统保护中的应用显示文摘环境DNA(environmental DNA,e DNA)是指可以从环境样品(如水、土壤、空气、冰芯等)中直接提取到的DNA片段总和。e DNA技术是在确定调查物种或种群的特异性基因识别片段的基础上,利用各种分子手段检测从环境介质中所提取e DNA包含识别片段的情况,进而确定取样环境中生物的分布状况,包括e DNA获取、e DNA分析和结果分析3个阶段,是近年来新出现的一种生物调查方法。与传统方法相比,e DNA技术具有灵敏度高、省时省力、对调查对象无损伤等优点,不要求调查者具有传统的生物识别及鉴定经验。目前e DNA技术已被应用于目标物种(如入侵物种、濒危物种及其他稀有物种)'有无'的检测、生物量的估测、水体生物多样性的调查等,在水生生态系统的保护中具有广泛的应用前景,但目前仅在少数发达国家展开应用,亟待进一步推广。目前研究者们所用的e DNA方法各不相同,有待对现有方法进行完善并建立技术标准;作为一种调查方法,其时间及空间精确度有待进一步评价;利用e DNA技术估测生物量的准确度还较低,建议首先提高对e DNA产生与降解动力学的认识,再进一步寻求提高其准确度的方法。 | 马鸿娟 STEWART Kathryn 马利民 任文伟 赵建夫 | 2016 | 生态学杂志2016，35，2： | 16 |
| 3 | Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study显示文摘 | Patrick Marcellin Edward Gane Maria Buti Nezam Afdhal William Sievert Ira M Jacobson Mary Kay Washington George Germanidis John F Flaherty Raul Aguilar Schall Jeffrey D Bornstein Kathryn M Kitrinos G Mani Subramanian John G McHutchison E Jenny Heathcote | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，： | 14 |
| 4 | Rapid mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by transforming growth factor α in wounded rat intestinal epithelial cells显示文摘RapidmitogenactivatedproteinkinaseactivationbytransforminggrowthfactorαinwoundedratintestinalepithelialcelsMichaelGkee,Michi... | Michael Gke, Michiyuki Kanai, Kathryn Lynch Devaney, and Daniel K. Podolsky Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massa | 1998 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1998，4，3： | 14 |
| 5 | Therapeutic potential of natural compounds from Chinese medicine in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke显示文摘Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults worldwide,resulting in huge social and financial burdens.Extracts from herbs,especially those used in Chinese medicine,have emerged as new pharmaceuticals for stroke treatment.Here we review the evidence from preclinical studies investigating neuroprotective properties of Chinese medicinal compounds through their application in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke,and highlight potential mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects.It is noteworthy that many herbal compounds have been shown to target multiple mechanisms and in combinations may exert synergistic effects on signaling pathways,thereby attenuating multiple aspects of ischemic pathology.We conclude the paper with a general discussion of the prospects for novel natural compound-based regimens against stroke. | Bei Zhang Kathryn ESaatman Lei Chen | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，3： | 14 |
| 6 | Antibiotic prophylaxis in variceal hemorrhage:Timing,effectiveness and Clostridium difficile rates显示文摘AIM:To investigate if antibiotics administered within 8 h of endoscopy reduce mortality or increase the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI).METHODS:A 2-year retrospective analysis of all patients who presented with first variceal hemorrhage was undertaken.The primary outcome measure was 28-d mortality.Secondary outcome measures were 28-d rebleeding rates and 28-d incidence of CDI.All patients were admitted to a tertiary liver unit with a consultantled,24-h endoscopy service.Patients received standard care including terlipressin therapy.Data collection included:primary and secondary outcome measures,timing of first administration of intravenous antibiotics,eti-ology of liver disease,demographics,endoscopy details and complications.A prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CDI in the study population and general medical inpatients admitted for antibiotic therapy of at least 5 d duration.Statistical analysis was undertaken using univariate,non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS:There were 70 first presentations of variceal hemorrhage during the study period.Seventy percent of cases were male and 65.7% were due to chronic alcoholic liver disease.In total,64/70(91.4%) patients received antibiotics as prophylaxis during their admission.Specifically,53/70(75.7%) received antibiotics either before endoscopy or within 8 h of endoscopy [peri-endoscopy(8 h) group],whereas 17/70(24.3%) received antibiotics at > 8 h after endoscopy or not at all(non peri-endoscopy group).Overall mortality and rebleeding rates were 13/70(18.6%) and 14/70(20%),respectively.The periendoscopy(8 h) group was significantly less likely to die compared with the non peri-endoscopy group [13.2% vs 35.3%,P = 0.04,odds ratio(OR) = 0.28(0.078-0.997)] and showed a trend towards reduced rebleeding [17.0% vs 29.4%,P = 0.27,OR = 0.49(0.14-1.74)].On univariate analysis,the non peri-endoscopy group [P = 0.02,OR = 3.58(1.00-12.81)],higher model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score(P = 0.02),presence of hepatorenal syndrome [P < 0.01,OR = 11.25(2.24-56.42)] and suffering a clinical episode of sepsis [P = 0.03,OR = 4.03(1.11-14.58)] were significant predictors of death at 28 d.On multivariate logistic regression analysis,lower MELD score [P = 0.01,OR = 1.16(1.04-1.28)] and periendoscopy(8 h) group [P = 0.01,OR = 0.15(0.03-0.68)] were independent predictors of survival at 28 d.The CDI incidence(5.7%) was comparable to that in the general medical population(5%).CONCLUSION:Antibiotics administered up to 8 h following endoscopy were associated with improved survival at 28 d.CDI incidence was comparable to that in other patient groups. | Matthew RL Brown Graeme Jones Kathryn L Nash Mark Wright Indra Neil Guha | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，42： | 13 |
| 7 | 人类面临的甲基汞暴露和健康影响:世界范围的关注显示文摘本文基于现有的文献资料,突出了当前的认识并且识别在甲基汞暴露、健康影响、危害评估方面还未解决的问题并且得出意见一致的结论。甲基汞是一种烈性毒素,通过水中的食物链在生物体内积累和富集,使世界各地各种社会经济阶层内那些常吃食肉鱼类或者以鱼类为主食的人置于危险境地。甲基汞对神经的发育危害已经成为制定风险评估和公共健康政策的基础。尽管在暴露的新指示生物、影响甲基汞吸收和毒性的因素、毒物动力学、成年人神经病学和心脑血管的影响,来自大量海水鱼和淡水鱼以及食鱼鱼类的营养收益和危害,各方面的知识还有许多研究断层,研究小组认为要保护人类健康,必须尽一切努力来减少并消除暴露源。 | Donna Mergler Henry A.Anderson Laurie Hing Man Chan Kathryn R.Mahaffey Michael Murray Mineshi Sakamoto Alan H.Stern 甲基汞的健康风险和毒物学影响专家组 | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，1： | 12 |
| 8 | Organic chloramines in chlorine-based disinfected water systems: A critical review显示文摘This paper is a critical review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems,including their formation, stability, toxicity, analytical methods for detection, and their impact on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine(the difference between the measured free and total chlorine concentrations), and may include N-chloramines,N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic chloramines that form during disinfection are unstable, which results in difficulties in sampling and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic monochloramines.However, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic chloramines can be formed from many different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and management of their formation. | Zuo Tong How Ina Kristiana Francesco Busetti Kathryn L.Linge Cynthia A.Joll | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，8： | 11 |
| 9 | Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘 | Erin Gower Chris Estes Sarah Blach Kathryn Razavi-Shearer Homie Razavi | 2014 | Journal of Hepatology2014，，1： | 10 |
| 10 | Copper Delivery by the Copper Chaperone for Chloroplast and Cytosolic Copper/Zinc- Superoxide Dismutases: Regulation and Unexpected Phenotypes in an Arabidopsis Mutant显示文摘铜(Cu ) 是作为与 plastocyanin 和 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD ) 联系的一个余因子在叶绿体发现的重要矿物质营养素。Superoxide dismutases 是在减少氧化应力与建议角色在很氧的有机体发现的 metallo 酶。在 Arabidopsis 的几最近的研究显示出那 microRNAs 和一个 SQUAMOSA 倡导者绑定 protein-like7 (SPL7 ) 抄写因素函数到下面调整许多 Cu 蛋白质的表达式包括在质体和 cytosol 的 Cu/ZnSOD,在低 Cu 上的生长期间。植物为把 Cu 送到 Cu/ZnSODs 的草皮(CCS ) 包含 Cu 女伴,并且,在 Arabidopsis, cytosolic 和 plastidic CCS 版本被一基因编码。在这研究,我们证明 Arabidopsis CCS 抄本层次被 Cu 调整,由 microRNA 调停了 398 那以前没被预言指向 CCS。microRNA 目标地点在 Oryza sativa 的 CCS 被保存。数据建议那调整 Cu 的 microRNAs 可以有更多的 mRNA 目标比以前被预言。CCS 空异种不在叶绿体和 cytosol 举办可测量的草皮活动,显示为 CCS 的一个绝对要求。当 CCS 空异种在高 Cu 媒介上是成年的时,它缺乏两 Fe superoxide dismutase (FeSOD ) 和 Cu/ZnSOD 活动。然而,这没导致视觉显型,没有光合的缺乏被检测,甚至在高轻的应力以后。这些结果显示 Cu/ZnSOD 不在处于实验室条件的生长期间是光合的抗氧化剂系统的一个枢轴的部件。 | Christopher M. Cohu Salah E. Abdel-Ghany Kathryn A. Gogolin Reynolds Alexander M. Onofrio Jared R. Bodecker Jeffrey A. Kimbrel Krishna K. Niyogi Marinus Pilon | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，6： | 9 |
| 11 | Proposed case of mesalazine-induced cardiomyopathy in severe ulcerative colitis显示文摘Five-amino salicylic acids are recommended for use in the management of inflammatory bowel disease,cardiac complications are a rare although recognised phenomenon.This report aims to highlight this serious but rare adverse reaction.We report here a case of a young man presenting with cardiogenic shock in the context of recent mesalazine treatment in severe ulcerative colitis. | Kathryn Fleming Andrew Ashcroft Christopher Alexakis Demitrios Tzias Christopher Groves Andrew Poullis | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，11： | 9 |
| 12 | 结核分枝杆菌embB基因306位点突变与耐药的相关性研究显示文摘embB基因突变,特别是其306位点(embB306)的点突变一直被认为是结核分枝杆菌耐乙胺丁醇的重要原因。但是,Hazbon等对来自世界各地的1020株菌株进行分析后认为,embB306突变不直接引起结核分枝杆菌乙胺丁醇耐药性,而是容易产生对任何药物的耐药性。Plinke等报道,embB306位点突变只发生在乙胺丁醇耐药菌株中,从而说明该位点突变与乙胺丁醇耐药有关。可见embB306位点突变与乙胺丁醇耐药的关系还存在着较大的分歧。 | 沈鑫 沈国妙 武洁 桂晓红 李霞 梅建 Kathryn DeRiemer 高谦 | 2007 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2007，30，9： | 9 |
| 13 | Recent advances in carbon dioxide capture and utilization with amines and ionic liquids显示文摘Global warming and climate change due to anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))have aroused significant concerns at the global scale due to rapid economic growth in industries and other fields.Therefore,CO_(2)capture,use,and storage have become particularly important.In this review,general background and methods for CO_(2)capture and separation,in particular,on ionic liquids(ILs)-based solvents and materials,are discussed.Comprehensive surveys of ILs for CO_(2)absorption are presented,which focused mainly on experimental researches,and then the concept is extended to functionalized absorbents and recent developments for CO_(2)capture.Major advantages and disadvantages of amines-based and ILs-based absorbents are discussed in this review.Solutions of traditional amines(MEA,MDEA,DEA,AMP,PZ,etc.)and ILs(conventional ILs,functionalized ILs,etc.)are summarized.Moreover,research progresses on CO_(2)separation are also introduced focusing mainly on amines and ILs-based membranes(e.g.supported amines membranes,SILMs).Futhermore,the fixation of CO_(2)into cyclic carbonates catalyzed by ILs(pure ILs,complex catalyst system with ILs,supported ILs,etc.)is summarized,clearly explaining the mechanism of CO_(2)fixation with ILs.Finally,exploration of some recent studies about CO_(2)capture and conversion by ILs and challenges for further progress are presented and related suggestions are put forward. | Yuxin Wu Jianhong Xu Kathryn Mumford Geoffrey W.Stevens Weiyang Fei Yundong Wang | 2020 | Green Chemical Engineering2020，1，1： | 9 |
| 14 | 男性性别决定:深入了解分子机制显示文摘性别发育障碍,通常起源于引导胚胎性腺分化成睾丸或卵巢两种不能功能器官的分子或细胞网络的异常。通过刺激支持细胞的分化,激活伴Y基因Sry和其下游区靶点Sox9触发睾丸分化,然后促使睾丸的形态发生。此遗传通路一旦形成,便会在促进睾丸发育的同时积极抑制参与卵巢发育的基因。本综述旨在阐述睾丸形成以及面对雌性性征发育压力下维持雄性性征的过程。 | Kathryn McClelland Josephine Bowles Peter Koopman | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，1： | 8 |
| 15 | HIV and intestinal parasite co-infections among a Chinese population: an immunological profile显示文摘Background:Parasite infections often result in a switch of the human body’s predominant immune reaction from T-helper 1(Th1)-type to Th2-type.Hence,parasite infections are widely expected to accelerate the progression of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).In the People’s Republic of China,both parasitic diseases and AIDS are epidemic in certain rural areas,and co-infections are relatively common.However,no population-based studies have yet investigated the frequency of HIV and parasite co-infections,and its effects on immune responses.We studied(1)the immune status of an HIV-infected population,and(2)the effect of co-infection of HIV and intestinal parasites on selected parameters of the human immune system.Methods:A total of 309 HIV-infected individuals were recruited and compared to an age-matched and sex-matched control group of 315 local HIV-negative individuals.Questionnaires were administered to all participants to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics,sanitation habits,family income,and recent clinical manifestations.Two consecutive stool samples and 10 ml samples of venous blood were also collected from each individual for the diagnosis of parasite infections and quantitative measurements of selected cytokines and CD4+T-lymphocytes,respectively.Results:During the study period,79 HIV-infected individuals were not under highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)and were thus included in our analysis;the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections was 6.3%and that of protozoa was 22.8%.The most common protozoan infections were Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis)(13.9%)and Cryptosporidium spp.(10.1%).The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp.in HIV-infected individuals was significantly higher than that in HIV negative individuals(P<0.05).Compared to the non-co-infected population,no significant difference was found for any of the measured immunological indicators(P>0.05).However,the following trends were observed:IFN-γlevels were lower,but the IL-4 level was higher,in the population co-infected with HIV and helminths.In the population co-infected with HIV and B.hominis,the IL-2 level was higher.The population co-infected with HIV and Cryptosporidium spp.had markedly lower CD4+T-lymphocyte counts.Conclusion:According to the immunologic profile, co-infection with helminths is disadvantageous to HIV-infected individuals. It was associated with a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance in the same direction as that caused by the virus itself, which might indicate an acceleration of the progress from an HIV infection to AIDS. Co-infection with Cryptosporidium spp. was not associated with a significant change in immune factors but co-infection with Cryptosporidium spp. was associated with a reduced level of CD4 + T-lymphocytes, confirming the opportunistic nature of such infections. Co-infection with B. hominis, on the other hand, was associated with an antagonistic shift in the immunological profile compared to an HIV infection. | Li-Guang Tian Tian-Ping Wang Shan Lv Feng-Feng Wang Jian Guo Xiao-Mei Yin Yu-Chun Cai Mary Kathryn Dickey Peter Steinmann Jia-Xu Chen | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 8 |
| 16 | 上海地区有治疗史患者中结核分枝杆菌耐药菌株的传播显示文摘根据耐药产生的原因,理论上可将耐药结核病分为直接感染耐药结核分枝杆菌引起的原发性耐药和结核分枝杆菌菌株的基因组发生突变而产生的获得性耐药,由于结核病的发病特点及结核分枝杆菌菌株的特性,传统方法无法鉴别耐药是否由同一菌株引起,因此目前简单地将原发性耐药定义为未经治疗的患者对某种抗结核药物的耐药,而获得性耐药是既往有结核病治疗史(超过1个月)的耐药结核病。实际上此种获得性耐药包括以下3种情况: | 李霞 张鹰 沈鑫 沈国妙 桂晓虹 孙滨 梅建 Kathryn DeRiemer PeterM.Small 高谦 | 2007 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2007，30，9： | 8 |
| 17 | 结膜滤过泡组织病理学特性显示文摘目的:描述并比较在修复小梁切除术和由于疏忽造成的滤过泡时得到的的结膜的组织学特征并评价抗纤维变性药物的作用。方法:我们对经过晚期滤过泡修复的28只眼的结膜标本采用常规石蜡制作的方法和光学显微镜下检查进行仔细观察:19只眼为渗漏的小梁切除术滤过泡,5只眼为无渗漏的小梁切除术滤过泡,4只眼为由于疏忽造成的滤过泡。定量分析的组织学特征包括结膜上皮的厚度,基质血管供应,鳞状组织化生,基质炎症细胞浸润和杯状细胞的密度。并且分析了手术类型,存在渗漏,先前的局部用药,应用抗纤维化药物都与组织学检查所见并置对比。结果:与由于疏忽造成的滤过泡的对照组相比,小梁切除术的滤过泡(渗漏的和无渗漏的)显示上皮的厚度(P〈0.02),杯状细胞的密度(P〈0.001)和血管供应(P〈0.001)全部降低。接受过抗纤维化药物的结膜比先前未受抗纤维化药物影响的结膜的上皮细胞层数更少(P〈0.05)。结论:小梁切除术后切除的薄的滤过泡的组织学分析证明上皮的厚度和杯状细胞的密度与由于疏忽造成的滤过泡相比均降低。与正常结膜相比。 | Brian A. Francis Lee T. Du Kathryn Najafi Raghu Murthy Usha Kurumety Narsing Rao Don S. Minckler 李航(译) 申敏如(校) | 2005 | 美国医学会眼科杂志(中文版)2005，17，3： | 8 |
| 18 | Metastatic colorectal cancer-past,progress and future显示文摘The clinical management of metastatic (stage Ⅳ) colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common challenge faced by surgeons and physicians. The last decade has seen exciting developments in the management of CRC, with significant improvements in prognosis for patients diagnosed with stage Ⅳ disease. Treatment options have expanded from 5-fluorouracil alone to a range of pharmaceutical and interventional therapies, improving survival, and providing a cure in selected cases. Enhanced understanding of the biologic pathways most important in colorectal carcinogenesis has led to a new generation of drugs showing promise in advanced disease. It is hoped that in the near future the treatment paradigm of metastatic CRC will be analogous to that of a chronic illness, rather than a rapidly terminal condition. This overview discusses the epidemiology of advanced CRC and currently available therapeutic options including medical, surgical, ablative and novel modalities in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. | Kathryn Field Lara Lipton | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，28： | 8 |
| 19 | 中美中学生对由父母原因引起的考试焦虑认知研究显示文摘目的:比较中国和美国的中学生对由父母原因引起的考试焦虑的认知情况。方法:采用“失败结果预期(FOE)”问卷中的由父母原因引起的考试焦虑12项,测量中美两国公立学校14、15岁的1215名中学生对考试焦虑原因的认知。结果:1.相似认知:两国学生在由父母原因引起的考试焦虑方面有类似的认知,包括父母会担心自己能否进入高一级学校、会让父母烦恼等。2.跨文化的差异:表现为中国学生更多是因为父母责备、辜负了父母期望或会让父母生气而导致考试焦虑;而美国学生更多是由于父母认为他们不能面对生活中的挑战而产生焦虑。3.性别差异:表现在美国的女中学生在7个项目上、中国的男中学生在2个项目上分别比本国异性有更大程度的焦虑(P<0.05)。结论:中美中学生对由父母原因引起的考试焦虑方面有类似的认知,但存在文化差异和性别差异。 | 邢利芳 黄辛隐 黄会欣 Kathryn Sanchez Renmin Ye | 2005 | 中国心理卫生杂志2005，19，8： | 7 |
| 20 | The use of environmentally sustainable bio-derived solvents in solvent extraction applications——A review显示文摘Replacement of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) by greener or more environmentally sustainable solvents is becoming increasingly important due to the increasing health and environmental concerns as well as economic pressures associated with VOCs.Solvents that are derived from biomass,namely bio-derived solvents,are a type of green solvent that have attracted intensive investigations in recent years because of their advantages over conventional VOCs,such as low toxicity,biodegradability and renewability.This review aims to summarize the use of bio-derived solvents in solvent extraction applications,with special emphasis given to utilization of biodiesels and terpenes.Compared with the conventional VOCs,the overall performance of these bio-derived solvents is comparable in terms of extraction yields and selectivity for natural product extraction and no difference was found for metal extraction.To date most researchers have focused on laboratory scale thermodynamics studies.Future work is required to develop and test new bio-derived solvents and understand the kinetic performance as well as solvent extraction pilot plant studies. | Zheng Li Kathryn H.Smith Geoffrey W.Stevens | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2016，24，2： | 7 |
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