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| 1 | Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China显示文摘Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF. | LIANG HanDong LIANG YanCi GARDELLA Joseph A. Jr HE Ping YATZOR Brett p | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，22： | 12 |
| 2 | 彩色多普勒超声检测自体肾和移植肾的肾动脉狭窄显示文摘目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在检测自体肾和移植肾肾动脉狭窄 (RAS)中的价值和局限性。方法 回顾性对照分析了临床可疑RAS的 30例自体肾和 14例移植肾的彩色多普勒超声 (US)与磁共振动脉造影 (MRA)及动脉血管造影的结果。并将狭窄肾动脉扩张 /再通术前后的肾动脉血流速度 ,肾内小动脉多普勒波形特征 (升速时间 AT ,升速指数 AI ,阻力指数 RI)进行了比较。结果 30例自体肾RAS的超声诊断中有 2例假阳性和 2例假阴性。 14例移植肾RAS阳性的超声检查无误差。肾动脉血流速度和肾内小动脉的多普勒波形在RAS纠正术前后有显著改变。结论 尽管彩色多普勒超声在检测RAS中有局限性 ,其仍被列为对可疑RAS病例的初步影像检查 ,并在观测随访RAS纠正术后的肾血流灌注及狭窄复发中有重要作用。综合分析肾动脉及肾内动脉的血流速度和多普勒波形特征并参考有关临床资料有助于提高超声诊断RAS的准确性。 | 高敬 Elias Kazam Joseph P Whalen 杨晓玲 | 2003 | 中国医学影像技术2003，19，3： | 9 |
| 3 | Safety of epinephrine for anaphylaxis in the emergency setting显示文摘BACKGROUND:While epinephrine is the recommended first-line therapy for the reversal of anaphylaxis symptoms,inappropriate use persists because of misunderstandings about proper dosing and administration or misconceptions about its safety.The objective of this review was to evaluate the safety of epinephrine for patients with anaphylaxis,including other emergent conditions,treated in emergency care settings.METHODS:A MEDLINE search using PubMed was conducted to identify articles that discuss the dosing,administration,and safety of epinephrine in the emergency setting for anaphylaxis and other conditions.RESULTS:Epinephrine is safe for anaphylaxis when given at the correct dose by intramuscular injection.The majority of dosing errors and cardiovascular adverse reactions occur when epinephrine is given intravenously or incorrectly dosed.CONCLUSION:Epinephrine by intramuscular injection is a safe therapy for anaphylaxis but training may still be necessary in emergency care settings to minimize drug dosing and administration errors and to allay concerns about its safety. | Joseph P Wood Stephen J Traub Christopher Lipinski | 2013 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2013，4，4： | 7 |
| 4 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Spectral selectivity in infrared thermal detection显示文摘A review is made of the physics and technology of spectrally selective thermal detectors,especially those operating at non-cryogenic temperatures.The background radiation noise fluctuations are rederived for arbitrary spectral characteristics.Infrared absorption due to phonons and free carriers is discussed followed by a review of published works on artificial infrared absorption materials such as patterned grids,nanoparticles,plasmonic structures,metamaterials and others.Subsequently,the literature of the spectral characteristics of broadband thermal detectors and spectrally selective thermal detectors is reviewed.Finally,the authors speculate on the directions that future research and development in the area will take regarding architectures,sensitivity and spectral characteristics. | Joseph J Talghader Anand S Gawarikar Ryan P Shea | 2012 | Light(Science & Applications)2012，1，1： | 6 |
| 6 | Machine learning in orthopaedic surgery显示文摘Artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthopaedic surgery has gained mass interest over the last decade or so.In prior studies,researchers have demonstrated that machine learning in orthopaedics can be used for different applications such as fracture detection,bone tumor diagnosis,detecting hip implant mechanical loosening,and grading osteoarthritis.As time goes on,the utility of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms,such as deep learning,continues to grow and expand in orthopaedic surgery.The purpose of this review is to provide an understanding of the concepts of machine learning and a background of current and future orthopaedic applications of machine learning in risk assessment,outcomes assessment,imaging,and basic science fields.In most cases,machine learning has proven to be just as effective,if not more effective,than prior methods such as logistic regression in assessment and prediction.With the help of deep learning algorithms,such as artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks,artificial intelligence in orthopaedics has been able to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed,flag the most critical and urgent patients for immediate attention,reduce the amount of human error,reduce the strain on medical professionals,and improve care.Because machine learning has shown diagnostic and prognostic uses in orthopaedic surgery,physicians should continue to research these techniques and be trained to use these methods effectively in order to improve orthopaedic treatment. | Simon P Lalehzarian Anirudh K Gowd Joseph N Liu | 2021 | World Journal of Orthopedics2021，12，9： | 4 |
| 7 | Metabolic syndrome does not affect sustained virologic response of direct-acting antivirals while hepatitis C clearance improves hemoglobin A1c显示文摘AIM To determine whether successful treatment with direc-tacting antivirals(DAA) is associated with improvements in hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1 c) and if type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) or metabolic syndrome affects sustained virologic response(SVR).METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System treated with varying DAA therapy between 2014-2016. Separate multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of HbA1 c decrease ≥ 0.5 after DAA treatment and predictors of SVR 12-wk post treatment(SVR12).RESULTS A total of 1068 patients were treated with DAA therapy between 2014-2016. The presence of T2 DM or metabolic syndrome did not adversely affect SVR12. 106 patients had both HCV and T2 DM. Within that cohort,patients who achieved SVR12 had lower mean HbA1 c pre treatment(7.35 vs 8.60,P = 0.02),and lower mean HbA1 c post-treatment compared to non-responders(6.55 vs 8.61,P = 0.01). The mean reduction in HbA1 c after treatment was greater for those who achieved SVR12 than for non-responders(0.79 vs 0.01,P = 0.03). In adjusted models,patients that achieved SVR12 were more likely to have a HbA1 c decrease of ≥ 0.5 than those that did not achieve SVR12(adjusted OR = 7.24,95%CI: 1.22-42.94). CONCLUSION In HCV patients with T2 DM,successful treatment with DAA was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1 c suggesting that DAA may have a role in improving insulin sensitivity. Furthermore,the presence of T2 DM or metabolic syndrome does not adversely affect SVR12 rates in patients treated with DAA. | Tien S Dong Elizabeth S Aby Jihane N Benhammou Jenna Kawamoto Steven-Huy Han Folasade P May Joseph R Pisegna | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，9： | 4 |
| 8 | Sentinel-lymph-node resection compared with conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in clinically node-negative patients with breast cancer: overall survival findings from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase 3 trial显示文摘 | David N Krag Stewart J Anderson Thomas B Julian Ann M Brown Seth P Harlow Joseph P Costantino Takamaru Ashikaga Donald L Weaver Eleftherios P Mamounas Lynne M Jalovec Thomas G Frazier R Dirk Noyes André Robidoux Hugh MC Scarth Norman Wolmark | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，10： | 3 |
| 9 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 10 | 光动力疗法治疗非小细胞肺癌显示文摘光动力疗法被越来越多地应用于治疗胸部恶性肿瘤。对于早期非小细胞肺癌(如支气管腔内肺癌)、X线检查阴性或同时性原发癌,光动疗法可作为主要治疗手段进行腔内根治性治疗。作为单一根治疗法,光动力疗法是治疗支气管镜可见≤1 cm且无软骨外浸润的肺部肿瘤的最有效方法。对于晚期非小细胞癌患者,光动力治疗可以作为综合根治疗法的一部分,用于减轻阻塞性支气管内病变,增加可手术性或缩小所需手术范围。本文对现有发表的应用光动力疗法治疗至少10例以上非小细胞肺癌病例的研究文献进行综述,提出了光动力疗法应用的治疗建议并进行了总结。 | Charles B Simone II Joseph S Friedberg Eli Glatstein James P Stevenson Daniel H Sterman Stephen M Hahn Keith A Cengel 袁光金 李金銮 朱宇熹 凌扬 | 2013 | 国际病理科学与临床杂志2013，33，3： | 3 |
| 11 | Evaluation of C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker, and infectious serology as risk factors for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Jeffrey L Anderson John F Carlquist Joseph B Muhlestein Benjamin D Horne Sidney P Elmer | 1998 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology1998，，1： | 2 |
| 12 | The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy显示文摘 | Leonard A Levin Roy W Beck Michael P Joseph Stuart Seiff Raymond Kraker | 1999 | Ophthalmology1999，，7： | 2 |
| 13 | Gamma irradiation of HIV-1显示文摘 | Richard A Smith Jesse Ingels John J Lochemes Joseph P Dutkowsky Linda L Pifer | 2001 | Journal of Orthopaedic Research2001，，5： | 2 |
| 14 | Nuclear matrix protein and osteoblast gene express显示文摘 | Joseph p Bidwell | 1998 | J Bone Mineral Research1998，13，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger age.AIM To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with T2D.METHODS A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 years.Anthropometric and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood pressure.Univariable and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk factor.RESULTS A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in life.Participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older age.Modelling results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other confounders.Younger age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile,compared to those diagnosed later in life. | Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann Emma L Redman David R Webb Emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant | 2022 | World Journal of Diabetes2022，13，3： | 2 |
| 16 | Anaerobic bacteria and intrahepatic stones: detections of Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides fragilis显示文摘To detect anaerobic bacteria Clostridium sp . and Bacteroides fragilis in intrahepatic stones by molecular genetic method Methods DNA was extracted from 59 stone samples and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Clostridium sp . and the glutamine synthetase gene of Bacteroides fragilis Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was performed to identify the Clostridium sp Results 16S rRNA gene sequences for Clostridium sp. were identified in 49 stones (83%, 49/59) The two most common groups were detected in 19 (41%) and 17 (37%) of the 46 samples using SSPC analysis, and 25/59 (42%) stones were tested positive for Bacteroides fragilis Conclusions Anaerobes such as Clostridium sp and Bacteroides fragilis present in intrahepatic stones and may play a role in stone formation PCR is a useful technique to detect fastidious pathogens, which are difficult to culture SSCP of PCR products is a rapid method in differentiating bacterial | LIU Yanlei Kan Lam Yajarayma J Tang Paul H Gumerlock Dong Ki Lee Myung Hwa Kim Sum P Lee Joseph SilvaJr Joseph W Leung | 2000 | Chinese Medical Journal2000，，9： | 2 |
| 17 | Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation triggers inflammatory response and tissue injury associated with hepatic ischemia–reperfusion: Therapeutic potential of mitochondrially targeted antioxidants显示文摘 | Partha Mukhopadhyay B?la Horváth Zsuzsanna Zsengell?r Sándor Bátkai Zongxian Cao Malek Kechrid Eileen Holovac Katalin Erd?lyi Galin Tanchian Lucas Liaudet Isaac E. Stillman Joy Joseph Balaraman Kalyanaraman Pál Pacher | 2012 | Free Radical Biology and Medicine2012，，5： | 2 |
| 18 | IL-6 trans-signaling promotes pancreatitis-associated lung injury and lethality显示文摘 | Zhang Hong Neuh?fer Patrick Song Liang Rabe Bj?rn Lesina Marina Kurkowski Magdalena U Treiber Matthias Wartmann Thomas Regnér Sara Thorlacius Henrik Saur Dieter Weirich Gregor Yoshimura Akihiko Halangk Walter Mizgerd Joseph P Schmid Roland | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2013，，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in metastatic breast cancer patients:A prospective study显示文摘BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)is an important serum tumour marker with a substantial role in diagnosis and monitoring of various solid tumours.About 36%-70%of breast cancers have elevated serum CEA.And the available studies show discrepancy in addressing the prognostic significance of CEA in advanced breast cancer.AIM To estimate the serum CEA level in our metastatic breast cancer patients and correlate it with response to treatment and clinical outcome.METHODS This was a prospective clinical study conducted on 50 metastatic breast cancer patients treated at breast clinic,with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer planned for palliative chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and hormonal treatment.We estimated the proportion of patients with elevated serum CEA level at baseline and after palliative treatment and also studied the association of serum CEA levels with known prognostic factors.The response to treatment was correlated with the serum CEA levels in the context of responders and nonresponders.RESULTS The median pre-treatment and post-treatment CEA levels were 7.9(1.8-40.7)ng/mL and 4.39(1.4-12.15)ng/mL,respectively,in the whole study population(P=0.032).No statistically significant difference was seen in baseline serum CEA between responders and non-responders.Even in the luminal group,pretreatment serum CEA was not a predictor of response,but post-treatment CEA was a significant predictor of tumour progression.In patients with liver and lung metastases,post-treatment CEA level difference was not statistically significant in both responders and non-responders though the values were higher in nonresponders.Among those with bone metastases,69.5%had elevated post-treatment serum CEA,and only 37.5%had elevated serum CEA in those with no bone metastases.CONCLUSION Elevated post-treatment serum CEA levels are associated with disease progression and poor response to therapy.Persistently elevated post-treatment serum CEA levels are significantly associated with bone metastases.Elevated serum CEA and hormonal status are significant predictors of treatment response. | Thattungal Manoharan Anoop Rona Joseph P Saikumar Soman Steffi Chacko Mintu Mathew | 2022 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2022，13，6： | 2 |
| 20 | Desferrioxamine in warm reperfusion media decreases liver injury aggravated by cold storage显示文摘AIM:To evaluate whether desferrioxamine decreases ischemia and perfusion injury aggravated by cold storage(CS)in a rat liver perfusion model. METHODS:Isolated rat livers were kept in CS in University of Wisconsin Solution for 20 h at 4℃,then exposed to 25 min of warm ischemia(WI)at 37℃ followed by 2 h of warm perfusion(WP)at 37℃with oxygenated(95%oxygen and 5%carbon dioxide) Krebs-Henseleit buffer.Desferrioxamine(DFO),an iron chelator,was added at different stages of storage,ischemia and perfusion:in CS only,in WI only,in WP only, in WI and perfusion,or in all stages.Effluent samples were collected after CS and after WI.Perfusate samples and bile were collected every 30 min(0,0.5,1,1.5 and 2 h)during liver perfusion.Cellular injury was assessed by the determination of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the effluent and perfusate samples.Total iron was analysed in the perfusate samples.After WP,the liver was collected for the determination of liver swelling(wet to dry ratio) and liver morphological examination(hematoxylin and eosin staining). RESULTS:Increased CS time caused increased liver dysfunction during WP.After 2 h of WP,liver injury was indicated by increased release of AST(0.5 h CS:9.4± 2.2 U/g liver vs 20 h CS:45.9±10.8 U/g liver,P<0.05) and LDH(0.5 h CS:59±14 U/g liver vs 20 h CS:297 ±71 U/g liver,P<0.05).There was an associated increase in iron release into the perfusate(0.5 h CS:0.11 ±0.03μmoL/g liver vs 20 h CS:0.58±0.10μmoL/g liver,P<0.05)and reduction in bile flow(0.5 h CS: 194±12μL/g vs 20 h CS:71±8μL/g liver,P<0.05). When DFO was added during WI and WP following 20 h of CS,release of iron into the perfusate was de- creased(DFO absent 0.58±0.10μmoL/g liver vs DFO present 0.31±0.06μmoL/g liver,P<0.05),and liver function substantially improved with decreased release of AST(DFO absent 45.9±10.8 U/g liver vs DFO present 8.1±0.9 U/g liver,P<0.05)and LDH(DFO absent 297±71 U/g liver vs DFO present 56±7 U/g liver,P<0.05),and increased bile flow(DFO absent 71±8μL/g liver vs DFO present 237±36μL/g liver, P<0.05).DFO was also shown to improve liver morphology after WP.Cellular injury(the release of LDH and AST)was significantly reduced with the addition of DFO in CS medium but to a lesser extent compared to the addition of DFO in WP or WI and perfusion.There was no effect on liver swelling or bile flow when DFO was only added to the CS medium. CONCLUSION:DFO added during WI and perfusion decreased liver perfusion injury aggravated by extended CS. | Peter G Arthur Xian-Wa Niu Wen-Hua Huang Bastiaan DeBoer Ching Tat Lai Enrico Rossi John Joseph Gary P Jeffrey | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，5： | 2 |
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