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| 1 | Rhubarb extract partially improves mucosal integrity in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis显示文摘AIM To investigate the effects of orally gavaged aqueous rhubarb extract(RE) on 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis in rats. METHODS Female Dark Agouti rats(n = 8/group) were gavaged daily(1 mL) with water, high-dose RE(HDR; 200 mg/kg) or low-dose RE(LDR; 20mg/kg) for eight days. Intestinal mucositis was induced(day 5) with 5-FU(150 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. Intestinal tissue samples were collected for myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity and histological examination. Xenopus oocytes expressing aquaporin 4 water channels were prepared to examine the effect of aqueous RE on cell volume, indicating a potential mechanism responsible for modulating net fluid absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS B o d y w e i g h t w a s s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e d i n r a t s administered 5-FU compared to healthy controls(P < 0.01). Rats administered 5-FU significantly increased intestinal MPO levels(≥ 307%; P < 0.001), compared to healthy controls. However, LDR attenuated this effect in 5-FU treated rats, significantly decreasing ileal MPO activity(by 45%; P < 0.05), as compared to 5-FU controls. 5-FU significantly reduced intestinal mucosal thickness(by ≥ 29% P < 0.001) as compared to healthy controls. LDR significantly increased ileal mucosal thickness in 5-FU treated rats(19%; P < 0.05) relative to 5-FU controls. In xenopus oocytes expressing AQP4 water channels, RE selectively blocked water influx into the cell, induced by a decrease in external osmotic pressure. As water efflux was unaltered by the presence of extracellular RE, the directional flow of water across the epithelial barrier, in the presence of extracellular RE, indicated that RE may alleviate water loss across the epithelial barrier and promote intestinal health in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.CONCLUSION In summary, low dose RE improves selected parameters of mucosal integrity and reduces ileal inflammation, manifesting from 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. | Juliana E Bajic Georgina L Eden Lorrinne S Lampton Ker Y Cheah Kerry A Lymn Jinxin V Pei Andrea J Yool Gordon S Howarth | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，37： | 3 |
| 2 | Manufactur- ing energy use in eight OECD countries 显示文摘 | HOWARTH R B SCHIPPER L DUERR P A | 1991 | Energy Economics1991，13，2： | 1 |
| 3 | The influence of 5-1ipoxygenase inhibition in allergic rhinitis显示文摘 | Howarth PH Harrison K Lau L | 1995 | Int Arch Allergy Immunol1995，107，13： | 1 |
| 4 | Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)显示文摘 | Bentley SD Chater KF Cerdeno-Tarraga AM Challis GL Thomson NR James KD Harris DE Quail MA Kieser H Harper D Bateman A Brown S Chandra G Chen CW Collins M Cronin A Fraser A Goble A Hidalgo J Hornsby T Howarth S Huang CH Kieser T Larke L Murphy L Oliver K O | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine hydrochloride (120 and 180 mg once daily) and cetirizine in seasonal allergic rhinitis显示文摘 | Howarth PH Stern MA Roi L | 1999 | J Allegry Clin Immunol1999，104，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Effects of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ administration on radiation enteritis in rats显示文摘 | Howarth G S Fraser R Frisby C L e al | 1997 | Scand J Gastroenterol1997，32，11： | 1 |
| 7 | Paleohydrodynamics of fluids in the Brent Group (Oseberg Field, Norwegian North Sea) from chemical and isotopic composition of formation waters显示文摘 | Ziegler K Coleman M L Howarth R J | 2001 | Applied Geochemistry2001，16，： | 1 |
| 8 | Source of lead in humans from Broken Hill mining community显示文摘 | Brian L Gulson Donald Howarth Karen J Mizon | 1994 | Environmental Geochemistry and Heath1994，16，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Thin, LightweightElectroacoustic Projector for Low Frequency UnderwaterApplications显示文摘 | Tressler J F Howarth T R Carney W L | 2004 | The Jounal of The Acoustical Society of America2004，116，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans显示文摘 | BURGOMASTER KA HOWARTH KR PHILLIPS SM et a l | 2008 | J Physiol2008，586，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis in monozygotic twin boys 显示文摘 | Howarth L Gilbert RD Bass P | 2004 | Pediatr Nephrol2004，19，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Determination of the optimal minimum radioiodine dose in patients with Graves' disease: a clinical outcome study显示文摘 | Howarth D Epstein M Lan L | 2001 | Eur J Nucl Med2001，28，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Thyroid cancer suscep- tibility polymorphisms: confirmation of loci on chromosomes 9q22 and 14q13, validation of a recessive 8q24 locus and failure to rep- licate alocus on5q24显示文摘 | Jones AM Howarth KM Martin L | 2012 | J Med Genet2012，49，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Influence of iron status on cadmium and zinc uptake by different ecotypes of the hyperaccumulator thlaspi cacrulescens显示文摘 | LOMBI E TEARALL K L HOWARTH J R | 2002 | Plant Physiology2002，128，： | 1 |
| 15 | Human activities changing the nitrogen cycle in Brazil显示文摘 | Filoso S Martinelli L A Howarth R W | 2006 | Biogeochemistry2006，79，： | 1 |
| 16 | Modelling technical services in libraries: a microanalysis employing domain analysis and ishikawa (fishbone) diagrams 显示文摘 | HOWARTH L C | 1995 | Technical Services Quarterly1995，12，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Continuous 14 day infusion of IGF-Ⅱ increases the growth of normal female rats,but exhibits a lower potency than IGF-Ⅰ显示文摘 | Conlon M A Francis G L Tomas F M Wallace J C Howarth G S Ballard F J | 1995 | J Endocrinol1995，144，： | 1 |
| 18 | Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)显示文摘 | Bentley SD Chater KF Cerdeno-Tarraga AM Challis GL Thomson NR James KD Harris DE Quail MA Kieser H Harper D Bateman A Brown S Chandra G Chen CW Collins M Cronin A Fraser A Goble A Hidalgo J Hornsby T Howarth S Huang CH Kieser T Larke L Murphy L Oliver K O | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Influence of Iron Status on Cadmium and Zinc Uptake by Different Ecotypes of the Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi Caerulescens显示文摘 | TEARALL K L HOWARTH J R | 2002 | Plant Physiology2002，128，： | 1 |
| 20 | Immunofluorometric assay of human kallikrein 10 and its identification in biological fluids and tissues显示文摘 | Luo LY Grass L Howarth D J | 2001 | Clin Chem2001，47，2： | 1 |
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