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| 1 | Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B显示文摘The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive picture of the role,clinical applications and future perspectives of the most widely used non-invasive techniques for the evaluation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.During the past decade many non-invasive methods have been developed to reduce the need for liver biopsy in staging fibrosis and to overcome whenever possible its limitations,mainly:invasiveness,costs,low reproducibility,poor acceptance by patients.Elastographic techniques conceived to assess liver stiffness,in particular transient elastography,and the most commonly used biological markers will be assessed against their respective role and limitations in staging hepatic fibrosis.Recent evidence highlights that both liver stiffness and some bio-chemical markers correlatewith survival and major clinical end-points such as liver decompensation,development of hepatocellular carcinoma and portal hypertension.Thus the non-invasive techniques here discussed can play a major role in the management of patients with chronic HBV-related hepatitis.Given their prognostic value,transient elastography and some bio-chemical markers can be used to better categorize patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and assign them to different classes of risk for clinically relevant outcomes.Very recent data indicates that the combined measurements of liver and spleen stiffness enable the reliable prediction of portal hypertension and esophageal varices development. | Federica Branchi Clara Benedetta Conti Alessandra Baccarin Pietro Lampertico Dario Conte Mirella Fraquelli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，40： | 20 |
| 2 | Role of spleen elastography in patients with chronic liver diseases显示文摘The development of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension(PH), one of its major complications, are structural and functional alterations of the liver, occurring in many patients with chronic liver diseases(CLD). Actually the progressive deposition of hepatic fibrosis has a key role in the prognosis of CLD patients. The subsequent development of PH leads to its major complications, such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding and decompensation. Liver biopsy is still considered the reference standard for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis, whereas the measurement of hepatic vein pressure gradient is the standard to ascertain the presence of PH and upper endoscopy is the method of choice to detect the presence of oesophageal varices. However, several non-invasive tests, including elastographic techniques, are currently used to evaluate the severity of liver disease and predict its prognosis. More recently, the measurement of the spleen stiffness has become particularly attractive to assess, considering the relevant role accomplished by the spleen in splanchnic circulation in the course of liver cirrhosis and in the PH. Moreover, spleen stiffness as compared with liver stiffness better represents the dynamic changes occurring in the advanced stages of cirrhosis and shows higher diagnostic performance in detecting esophageal varices. The aim of this review is to provide an exhaustive overview of the actual role of spleen stiffness measurement as assessed by several elastographic techniques in evaluating both liver disease severity and the development of cirrhosis complications, such as PH and to highlight its potential and possible limitations. | Mariangela Giunta Dario Conte Mirella Fraquelli | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，35： | 9 |
| 3 | Ultrasound elastographic techniques in focal liver lesions显示文摘Elastographic techniques are new ultrasound-based imaging techniques developed to estimate tissue deformability/stiffness. Several ultrasound elastographic approaches have been developed, such as static elastography, transient elastography and acoustic radiation force imaging methods, which include point shear wave and shear wave imaging elastography. The application of these methods in clinical practice aims at estimating the mechanical tissues properties. One of the main settings for the application of these tools has been liver stiffness assessment in chronic liver disease, which has been studied mainly using transient elastography. Another field of application for these techniques is the assessment of focal lesions, detected by ultrasound in organs such as pancreas, prostate, breast, thyroid, lymph nodes. Considering the frequency and importance of the detection of focal liver lesions through routine ultrasound, some studies have also aimed to assess the role that elestography can play in studying the stiffness of different types of liver lesions, in order to predict their nature and thus offer valuable non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of liver masses. | Clara Benedetta Conti Federica Cavalcoli Mirella Fraquelli Dario Conte Sara Massironi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，9： | 6 |
| 4 | Etiology-related determinants of liver stiffness values in chronic viral hepatitis B or C显示文摘 | Mirella Fraquelli Cristina Rigamonti Giovanni Casazza Maria Francesca Donato Guido Ronchi Dario Conte Mariagrazia Rumi Pietro Lampertico Massimo Colombo | 2010 | Journal of Hepatology2010，，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Accuracy of a predictive model for severe hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C显示文摘AIM: To assess the accuracy of a model in diagnosing severe fibrosis/cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)infection.METHODS: The model, based on the sequential combination of the Bonacini score (BS: ALT/AST ratio,platelet count and INR) and ultrasonography liver surface characteristics, was applied to 176 patients with chronic HCV infection. Assuming a pre-test probability of 35%,the model defined four levels of post-test probability of severe fibrosis/cirrhosis: <10% (low), 10-74% (not diagnostic), 75-90% (high) and >90% (almost absolute).The predicted probabilities were compared with the observed patients' distribution according to the histology (METAVIR).RESULTS: Severe fibrosis/cirrhosis was found in 67 patients (38%). The model discriminated patients in three comparable groups: 34% with a very high (>90%)or low (<10%) probability of severe fibrosis, 33% with a probability ranging from 75% to 90%, and 33% with an uncertain diagnosis (I.e., a probability ranging from 10%to 74%). The observed frequency of severe fibrosis/cirrhosis was within the predefined ranges.CONCLUSION: The model can correctly identify67% of patients with a high (>75%) or low (<10%) probability of cirrhosis, leaving only 33% of the patients still requiring liver biopsy. | Agostino Colli Alice Colucci Silvia Paggi Mirella Fraquelli Sara Massironi Marco Andreoletti Vittorio Michela Dario Conte | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，46： | 2 |
| 6 | Patterns of appearance and risk of misdiagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis at contrast enhanced ultrasound显示文摘 | Marzia Galassi Massimo Iavarone Sandro Rossi Simona Bota Sara Vavassori Laura Rosa Simona Leoni Laura Venerandi Sara Marinelli Angelo Sangiovanni Letizia Veronese Mirella Fraquelli Alessandro Granito Rita Golfieri Massimo Colombo Luigi Bolondi Fabio Pisca | 2013 | Liver Int2013，，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Gallstone disease and related risk factors in patients with Crohn disease:analysis of 330 consecutive cases显示文摘 | Fraquelli M Losco A Visentin S | 2001 | Arch Intern Med2001，161，： | 1 |
| 8 | Gallstone disease and re- lated risk factors in a large cohort of diabetic patients 显示文摘 | Pagliarulo M Fomari F Fraquelli M | 2004 | Dig Liver Dis2004，36，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Severe liver fibrosis or cirrhosis:accuracy of US for detection-analysis of 300 cases显示文摘 | Colli A Fraquelli M Andreoletti M | 2003 | Radiology2003，227，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Feasibility and reproducibility of spleen transient elastography and its role in combination with liver transient elastography for predicting the severity of chronic viral hepatitis 显示文摘 | FRAQUELLI M GIUNTA M POZZI R | 2014 | J Viral Hepat2014，21，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Increased cancer risk in a cohort of 230 patients with hereditary haemochromatosis in comparison to matched control patients with non-iron-related chronic liver disease显示文摘 | FRACANZANI A L CONTE D FRAQUELLI M | 2001 | Hepatology2001，33，： | 1 |
| 12 | Hemochromatosis in Italy in the last 30 years: Role of genetic and acquired factors显示文摘 | Anna Ludovica Fracanzani Alberto Piperno Luca Valenti Mirella Fraquelli Sabina Coletti Alessandra Maraschi Dario Consonni Enzo Coviello Dario Conte Silvia Fargion | 2010 | Hepatology2010，，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Close relation ship between cirrhosis and gallstones:cross-sectional and longitudinal survey显示文摘 | Conte D Fraquelli M Fornari F | 1999 | Arch Int Med1999，159，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Gallstones and Liver Disease:an Overview显示文摘 | Conte D Fraquelli M Giunta M | 2011 | J Gastrointestin liver Dis2011，20，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Gallbladder motility in obesity,diabetes mellitus, and coeliac disease显示文摘 | Fraquelli M Pagliarulo M Colucci A | 2003 | Dig Liver Dis2003，35，： | 1 |
| 16 | Cost Savings from Generation and Distribution with an Application to Italian Electric Utilities显示文摘 | Fraquelli Giovanni Massimiliano Piacenza DavideVannoni | 2004 | Southern Economic Journal2004，28，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasound-guided liver biopsy to diagnose dysplastic liver nodules in cirrhosis显示文摘 | Massimo Iavarone Matteo Angelo Manini Angelo Sangiovanni Mirella Fraquelli Laura Virginia Forzenigo Luca Di Tommaso Alessio Aghemo Massimo Roncalli Guido Ronchi Massimo Colombo | 2013 | Digestive and Liver Disease2013，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Gastric emptying and plasma neurotensin levels in untreated celiac patients显示文摘 | Bardella M T Fraquelli M Peracchi M | 2000 | Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology2000，35，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Elective surgery for benign liver tumours显示文摘 | Colli A Fraquelli M Massironi S | 2007 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2007，，00： | 1 |
| 20 | Acetic acid chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of early neoplasia and specialized intestinal metaplasia in Barrett’s esophagus: a meta-analysis显示文摘 | Marina Coletta Sarmed S. Sami Arun Nachiappan Mirella Fraquelli Giovanni Casazza Krish Ragunath | 2015 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，，： | 1 |
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