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| 1 | Risk factors for neoplastic progression in Barrett's esophagus显示文摘Barrett's esophagus (BE) confers a significant increased risk for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), with the pathogenesis appearing to progress through a 'metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma' (MDC) sequence. Many of the genetic insults driving this MDC sequence have recently been characterized, providing targets for candidate biomarkers with potential clinical utility to stratify risk in individual patients. Many clinical risk factors have been investigated, and associations with a variety of genetic, specific gastrointestinal and other modifiable factors have been proposed in the literature. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in neoplastic progression of BE to EAC and critically appraises the relative roles and contributions of these putative risk factors from the published evidence currently available. | Elizabeth F Wiseman Yeng S Ang | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，32： | 5 |
| 2 | Malnutrition negatively impacts the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis: An observational study显示文摘AIM To verify how malnutrition is related to health-related quality of life(HRQL) impairment in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS Data was retrospectively abstracted from medical records and obtained by direct interview. We included patients with cirrhosis from any etiology, evaluated at the Liver Clinic from Gastroenterology Department in a tertiary healthcare center, from June 2014 to June 2016. Child-Pugh score, data about complications, and demographic, clinical and anthropometric characteristics of patients were obtained. Nutritional status was evaluated by the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA). HRQL was evaluated through the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Patients were requested to assess their global HRQL with the following code: 0 = impairment of HRQL, when it was compared with other healthy subjects; 1 = good HRQL, if it was similar to the quality of life of other healthy subjects. To compare the primary outcome between malnourished and well-nourished groups, the χ~2 test, Fisher's exact test or Student's t-test were used, based on the variable type. Associations between predictor variables and deterioration of HRQL were determined by calculating the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS A total of 127 patients with cirrhosis were included, and the mean age was 54.1 ± 12.3 years-old. According to Child-Pugh scoring, 25(19.7%) were classified as A(compensated), 76(59.8%) as B, and 26(20.5%) as C(B/C = decompensated). According to SGA, 58(45.7%) patients were classified as well-nourished. Sixty-nine patients identified HRQL as good, and 76 patients(59.8%) perceived impairment of their HRQL. Multivariate analysis to determine associations between predictor variables and self-perception of an impairment of HRQL found strong association with malnutrition(P < 0.0001). The most important impaired characteristics in malnourished patients were: Presence of body pain, dyspnea on exertion with daily activities, decreased appetite, generalized weakness, trouble lifting or carrying heavy objects, and decreased level of energy(P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION Malnutrition is a key factor related to impairment of HRQL in patients with cirrhosis. | Gabriela Rojas-Loureiro Alfredo Servín-Caamano Elizabeth Pérez-Reyes Luis Servín-Abad Fátima Higuerade la Tijera | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，5： | 3 |
| 3 | Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central Tanzania显示文摘Background:Understanding the interactions between malaria and agriculture in Tanzania is of particular significance when considering that they are the major sources of illness and livelihoods.The objective of this study was to determine knowledge,perceptions and practices as regards to malaria,climate change,livelihoods and food insecurity in a rural farming community in central Tanzania.Methods:Using a cross-sectional design,heads of households were interviewed on their knowledge and perceptions on malaria transmission,symptoms and prevention and knowledge and practices as regards to climate change and food security.Results:A total of 399 individuals(mean age=39.8±15.5 years)were interviewed.Most(62.41%)of them had attained primary school education and majority(91.23%)were involved in crop farming activities.Nearly all(94.7%)knew that malaria is acquired through a mosquito bite.Three quarters(73%)reported that most people get sick from malaria during the rainy season.About 50%of the respondents felt that malaria had decreased during the last 10 years.The household coverage of insecticide treated mosquito nets(ITN)was high(95.5%).Ninety-six percent reported to have slept under a mosquito net the previous night.Only one in four understood the official Kiswahili term(Mabadiliko ya Tabia Nchi)for climate change.However,there was a general understanding that the rain patterns have changed in the past 10 years.Sixty-two percent believed that the temperature has increased during the same period.Three quarters of the respondents reported that they had no sufficient production from their own farms to guarantee food security in their household for the year.Three quarters(73.0%)reported to having food shortages in the past five years.About half said they most often experienced severe food shortage during the rainy season.Conclusion:Farming communities in Kilosa District have little knowledge on climate change and its impact on malaria burden.Food insecurity is common and community-based strategies to mitigate this need to be established.The findings call for an integrated control of malaria and food insecurity interventions. | Benjamin K Mayala Carolyn A Fahey Dorothy Wei Maria M Zinga Venera M Bwana Tabitha Mlacha Susan F Rumisha Grades Stanley Elizabeth H Shayo Leonard EG Mboera | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Increased presence of effector lymphocytes during Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis显示文摘AIM:To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic(SMAD)3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with Helicobacter hepaticus(H.hepaticus).METHODS:SMAD3 -/-(n=19)and colitis-resistant SMAD3+/-(n=24)mice(8-10 wk of age)were in-fected with H.hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations[T lymphocytes,natural killer(NK)cells,T regulatory cells]were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes(MsLNs)at 0 d,3 d,7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry.Genotypedependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B+ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:As previously observed,SMAD3 -/-,but not SMAD3+/-mice,developed colitis,peaking at 4 wk post-infection.No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the MsLNs between genotypes at any time point.However,CD4+and CD8+/ CD62Llo cells,an effector T lymphocyte population,as well as NK cells(NKp46/DX5+)were significantly higher in the MsLNs of SMAD3-/-mice at 7 d and 28 d post-infection.In the colon,a higher number of CD3+cells were present in SMAD3-/-compared to SMAD3+/-mice at baseline,which did not significantly change during infection.However,the number of granzyme B+cells,a marker of cytolytic lymphocytes,significantly increased in SMAD3-/-mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SMAD3+/-mice and to baseline values.This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals.CONCLUSION:Data suggest that defects in SMAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to H.hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphocytes. | Sarah J McCaskey Elizabeth A Rondini Jonathan F Clinthorne Ingeborg M Langohr Elizabeth M Gardner Jenifer I Fenton | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，13： | 2 |
| 5 | Pseudomonas exotoxin antisense RNA selectively kills hepatitis B virus infected cells显示文摘AIM: To present an approach for selectively killing retrovirus-infected cells that combines the toxicity of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) and the presence of reverse transcriptase (RT) in infected cells. METHODS: PE antisense toxin RNA has palindromic stem loops at its 5' and 3' ends enabling self-primed generation of cDNA in the presence of RT. The RT activity expressed in retrovirus-infected cells converts 'antisense-toxin-RNA' into a lethal toxin gene exclusively in these cells. RESULTS: Using cotransfection studies with PE-expressing RNAs and β-gal expressing reporter plasmids, we show that, in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 hepatoma cells as well as in duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected cells, HBV or DHBV-polymerase reverse transcribe a lethal cDNA copy of an antisense toxin RNA, which is composed of sequences complementary to a PE gene and eukaryotic transcription and translation signals. CONCLUSION: This finding may have important implications as a novel therapeutic strategy aimed at the elimination of HBV infection. | Peter Hafkemeyer Ulrich Brinkmann Elizabeth Brinkmann Ira Pastan Hubert E Blum Thomas F Baumert | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，18： | 2 |
| 6 | Evaluation and Management of Adult Hypoglycemic Disorders: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline显示文摘 | Philip E. Cryer Lloyd Axelrod Ashley B. Grossman Simon R. Heller Victor M. Montori Elizabeth R. Seaquist F John Service | 2009 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2009，，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Effects of simulated acidic rain on yields of field-grown crops显示文摘 | LNACE S E KEITH F L ELIZABETH A C | 1982 | New Phytol1982，91，： | 1 |
| 8 | A Spreading-Ac- tivation Theory of Semantic Processing显示文摘 | Collins Allan M Elizabeth F Loftus | 1975 | Psycho- logical Bulletin1975，，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Effects of simulated acidic rain on yields of field- grown crops 显示文摘 | Lance S E Keith F L Elizabeth A C | 1982 | New Phytologist1982，91，： | 1 |
| 10 | Parathyroid Carcinoma显示文摘 | ELIZABETH A MITTENDOR F MCHENRY CR | 2005 | Adv Anat Pathol2005，12，： | 1 |
| 11 | Stimulation of new bone formati on by direct transfer of osteogenic plasmid genes显示文摘 | Yao YZh Elizabeth S | 1996 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1996，93，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of supplemental FOS and MOS on colonic microbial populations, immue function and fecal odor components in the canine显示文摘 | Christine M G Elizabeth A F | 2002 | J Nutr2002，132，： | 1 |
| 13 | Human response to Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection antibodies to secreted viru- lence factors 显示文摘 | YUHNG L ELIZABETH F ANDREW M | 2000 | Infection and Immunity2000，68，15： | 1 |
| 14 | Preparation and preliminary characterization of crystallizing fluorescent derivatives of chicken egg white lysozyme显示文摘 | JOHN P S ELIZABETH L F MARC L P | 2001 | Journal of Crystal Growth2001，232，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Food fermentations: role of microorganisms in food production and preservation显示文摘 | Elizabeth Caplice Gerald F Fitzgerald | 1999 | International Journal of Food Microbiology1999，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Salt-marsh processes : a review显示文摘 | LIU X B ELIZABETH J J PETER V F J | 1993 | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry1993，12，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Lack of clinical AIDS in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with significant CD4^sup +^ T cell loss is associated with double-negative T cells显示文摘 | Milush Jeffrey M Mir Kiran D Sundaravaradan Vasudha Gordon Shari N Engram Jessica Cano Christopher A Reeves Jacqueline F Anton Elizabeth O’Neill Eduardo Butler Eboneé Hancock Kathy Cole Kelly S Brenchley Jason M Else James G Silvestri Guido | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Factors influencing rates and products in the transformation of trichloroethylene by iron sulfide and iron metal显示文摘 | ELIZABETH C BUTLER KIM F H | 2001 | Environ Sci & Technol2001，35，19： | 1 |
| 19 | Comparison of the antioxidant activity of aspalathin with that of other plant phenols of rooibos tea(Aspal- athus linearis ) α-Tocopherol, BHT and BHA 显示文摘 | ASTRID V G ELIZABETH J CHRIS F H | 1997 | J Agrie Food Chem1997，45，： | 1 |
| 20 | Effects of hemoconcentration and sympathetic activation on serum lipid response to brief mental stress显示文摘 | ELIZABETH A B MATTEW F M KAREN A MATTHE WS | 2002 | Psycho-somatic Medicine2002，64，： | 1 |
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