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| 1 | The land use and land cover change database and its relative studies in China显示文摘In the mid-1990s, we established the national operative dynamic information serving systems on natural resources and environment. During building the land-use/land-cover change (LUCC)database for the mid-1990s, 520 scenes of remotely sensed images of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) were interpreted into land-use/land-cover categories at scale of 1:100,000 under overall digital software environment after being geo-referenced and ortho-rectified. The vector map of land-use/land-cover in China at the scale of 1:100,000 was recently converted into a 1-km raster database that captures all ofthe high-resolution land-use information by calculating area percentage for each kind of land use category within every cell. Being designed as an operative dynamic information serving system,monitoring the change in land-use/land-cover at national level was executed. We have completed the updating of LUCC database by comparing the TM data in the mid-1990s with new data sources received during 1999-2000 and 1989-1990. The LUCC database has supported greatly the national LUCC research program in China and some relative studies are incompletely reviewed in this paper. | LIU Jiyuan, LIU Mingliang, DENG Xiangzheng, ZhuangDafang,ZHANG Zengxiang, LUO Di(1. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 2. Inst. of Remote Sensing Applications, CAS, Beijing 100101, China) | 2002 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2002，12，3： | 96 |
| 2 | 行为安全“2-4”模型及其在煤矿安全管理中的应用显示文摘通过观察事故统计得知,几乎100%的生产安全事故是责任事故,且是由于事故单位的'管理漏洞'所引起。理论分析得知,应用古典、近代及已有的现代事故致因链不能够精确定位'管理漏洞'的具体位置和内容,事故预防困难。根据组织行为学原理,并研究国内外已有事故致因链发现并提出了行为安全'2-4'模型这个新型现代事故致因链。在该模型中,将事故的原因首先分解为组织行为、组织成员个人行为两个层面,然后再将组织行为继续细化分解为指导行为、运行行为,将个人行为细化分解为习惯性行为、一次性行为4个行为阶段,分别对应事故的根源、根本、间接、直接原因,具体内容分别是安全文化,安全管理体系,安全知识、意识和习惯,不安全动作和不安全状态。煤矿事故案例分析证实,应用该模型,且把'安全管理'表达为'行为控制'之后,可以将导致事故发生的关键原因'管理漏洞'、'管理缺欠'理解为'行为控制缺欠',并可将其精确定位在'2'个层面、'4'个行为阶段的其中一个或几个上面,据此即可制定有效、明确的事故预防措施。 | 傅贵 殷文韬 董继业 Di FAN Cherrie Jiuhua ZHU | 2013 | 煤炭学报2013，38，7： | 271 |
| 3 | Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis显示文摘 | Yan Li Qiupeng Zheng Chunyang Bao Shuyi Li Weijie Guo Jiang Zhao Di Chen Jianren Gu Xianghuo He Shenglin Huang | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，8： | 323 |
| 4 | 儿童功能性胃肠病罗马Ⅳ标准显示文摘罗马标准是目前关于功能性胃肠病( FGID)分类最全面且不断更新的标准。罗马Ⅰ、Ⅱ标准分别于1994年、1999年发布。罗马Ⅱ标准开始单列儿童FGID分类。2006年,根据年龄不同,婴幼儿(0-36个月)和儿童(〉36个月) FGID的罗马Ⅲ诊断标准发布,但相关的流行病学、病理生理学、诊断检查、治疗策略以及预后等资料都很少。 | Marc A. Benninga Samuel Nurko Christophe Faure Paul E. Hyman Ian St. James Roberts Neil L. Schechter Jeffrey S. Hyams Carlo Di Lorenzo Miguel Saps Robert J. Shulman Annamaria Staiano Miranda van Tilburg | 2017 | 中华儿科杂志2017，55，1： | 108 |
| 5 | Osteoarthritis:toward a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanism显示文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in adult individuals. The etiology of OA includes joint injury, obesity, aging, and heredity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of OA initiation and progression remain poorly understood and, currently,there are no interventions available to restore degraded cartilage or decelerate disease progression. The diathrodial joint is a complicated organ and its function is to bear weight, perform physical activity and exhibit a joint-specific range of motion during movement. During OA development, the entire joint organ is affected, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial tissue and meniscus. A full understanding of the pathological mechanism of OA development relies on the discovery of the interplaying mechanisms among different OA symptoms, including articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis and synovial hyperplasia, and the signaling pathway(s) controlling these pathological processes. | Di Chen Jie Shen Weiwei Zhao Tingyu Wang Lin Han John L Hamilton Hee-Jeong Im | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，1： | 121 |
| 6 | A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia(standard version)显示文摘In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province;and then named '2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)' by the World Health Organization(WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world’s attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development;we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control(including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV. | Ying-Hui Jin Lin Cai Zhen-Shun Cheng Hong Cheng Tong Deng Yi-Pin Fan Cheng Fang Di Huang Lu-Qi Huang Qiao Huang Yong Han Bo Hu Fen Hu Bing-Hui Li Yi-Rong Li Ke Liang Li-Kai Lin Li-Sha Luo Jing Ma Lin-Lu Ma Zhi-Yong Peng Yun-Bao Pan Zhen-Yu Pan Xue-Qun Ren Hui-Min Sun Ying Wang Yun-Yun Wang Hong Weng Chao-Jie Wei Dong-Fang Wu Jian Xia Yong Xiong Hai-Bo Xu Xiao-Mei Yao Yu-Feng Yuan Tai-Sheng Ye Xiao-Chun Zhang Ying-Wen Zhang Yin-Gao Zhang Hua-Min Zhang Yan Zhao Ming-Juan Zhao Hao Zi Xian-Tao Zeng Yong-Yan Wang Xing-Huan Wang 无 | 2020 | Military Medical Research2020，7，1： | 161 |
| 7 | Portal vein thrombosis:Insight into physiopathology,diagnosis,and treatment显示文摘Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a relatively common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, but might also occur in absence of an overt liver disease. Several causes, either local or systemic, might play an important role in PVT pathogenesis. Frequently, more than one risk factor could be identified; however, occasionally no single factor is discernable. Clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging are helpful to provide a quick diagnosis, as prompt treatment might greatly affect a patient's outcome. In this review, we analyze the physiopathological mechanisms of PVT development, together with the hemodynamic and functional alterations related to this condition. Moreover, we describe the principal factors most frequently involved in PVT development and the recent knowledge concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Finally, we analyze the implications of PVT in the setting of liver transplantation and its possible influence on patients' future prognoses. | Francesca R Ponziani Maria A Zocco Chiara Campanale Emanuele Rinninella Annalisa Tortora Luca Di Maurizio Giuseppe Bombardieri Raimondo De Cristofaro Anna M De Gaetano Raffaele Landolfi Antonio Gasbarrini | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，2： | 75 |
| 8 | Current pattern of Chinese dialysis units: a cohort study in a representative sample of units显示文摘 | ZHOU Qiu-gen JIANG Jian-ping WU Sheng-jie TIAN Jian-wei CHEN Jiang-hua YU Xue-qing CHEN Ping-yan MEI Chang-lin XIONG Fei SHI Wei ZHOU Wei LIU Xu-sheng SUN Shi-ren XIE Di LIU Jun XU Xin HOU Fan-fan | 2012 | Chinese Medical Journal2012，，19： | 69 |
| 9 | Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases显示文摘The multiple beneficial effects on human health of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate,synthesized from nonabsorbed carbohydrate by colonic microbiota,are well documented.At the intestinal level,butyrate plays a regulatory role on the transepithelial fluid transport,ameliorates mucosal inflammation and oxidative status,reinforces the epithelial defense barrier,and modulates visceral sensitivity and intestinal motility.In addition,a growing number of studies have stressed the role of butyrate in the prevention and inhibition of colorectal cancer.At the extraintestinal level,butyrate exerts potentially useful effects on many conditions,including hemoglobinopathies,genetic metabolic diseases,hypercholesterolemia,insulin resistance,and ischemic stroke.The mechanisms of action of butyrate are different;many of these are related to its potent regulatory effects on gene expression.These data suggest a wide spectrum of positive effects exerted by butyrate,with a high potential for a therapeutic use in human medicine. | Roberto Berni Canani Margherita Di Costanzo Ludovica Leone Monica Pedata Rosaria Meli Antonio Calignano | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 52 |
| 10 | Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients显示文摘Background:A patient’s infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids,secretions,and excreta.The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)remain unclear.This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19,providing further evidence to improve the management of patients during convalescence.Methods:The clinical data and laboratory test results of convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to from January 20,2020 to February 10,2020 were collected retrospectively.The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)results for patients’oropharyngeal swab,stool,urine,and serum samples were collected and analyzed.Convalescent patients refer to recovered non-febrile patients without respiratory symptoms who had two successive(minimum 24 h sampling interval)negative RT-PCR results for viral RNA from oropharyngeal swabs.The effects of cluster of differentiation 4(CD4)+T lymphocytes,inflammatory indicators,and glucocorticoid treatment on viral nucleic acid clearance were analyzed.Results:In the 292 confirmed cases,66 patients recovered after treatment and were included in our study.In total,28(42.4%)women and 38 men(57.6%)with a median age of 44.0(34.0-62.0)years were analyzed.After in-hospital treatment,patients’inflammatory indicators decreased with improved clinical condition.The median time from the onset of symptoms to first negative RT-PCR results for oropharyngeal swabs in convalescent patients was 9.5(6.0-11.0)days.By February 10,2020,11 convalescent patients(16.7%)still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens and the other 55 patients’stool specimens were negative for 2019-nCoV following a median duration of 11.0(9.0-16.0)days after symptom onset.Among these 55 patients,43 had a longer duration until stool specimens were negative for viral RNA than for throat swabs,with a median delay of 2.0(1.0-4.0)days.Results for only four(6.9%)urine samples were positive for viral nucleic acid out of 58 cases;viral RNA was still present in three patients’urine specimens after throat swabs were negative.Using a multiple linear regression model(F=2.669,P=0.044,and adjusted R2=0.122),the analysis showed that the CD4+T lymphocyte count may help predict the duration of viral RNA detection in patients’stools(t=-2.699,P=0.010).The duration of viral RNA detection from oropharyngeal swabs and fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group(15 days vs.8.0 days,respectively;t=2.550,P=0.013)and the duration of viral RNA detection in fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group(20 days vs.11 days,respectively;t=4.631,P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in inflammatory indicators between patients with positive fecal viral RNA test results and those with negative results(P>0.05).Conclusions:In brief,as the clearance of viral RNA in patients’stools was delayed compared to that in oropharyngeal swabs,it is important to identify viral RNA in feces during convalescence.Because of the delayed clearance of viral RNA in the glucocorticoid treatment group,glucocorticoids are not recommended in the treatment of COVID-19,especially for mild disease.The duration of RNA detection may relate to host cell immunity. | Yun Ling Shui-Bao Xu Yi-Xiao Lin Di Tian Zhao-Qin Zhu Fa-Hui Dai Fan Wu Zhi-Gang Song Wei Huang Jun Chen Bi-Jie Hu Sheng Wang En-Qiang Mao Lei Zhu Wen-Hong Zhang Hong-Zhou Lu | 2020 | Chinese Medical Journal2020，，9： | 58 |
| 11 | Cold-chain food contamination as the possible origin of COVID-19 resurgence in Beijing显示文摘COVID-19,caused by SARS-CoV-2[1,2],has been contained in China through stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions.Border control and quarantine have effectively prevented the virus from being spread by infected travellers,but the risk of resurgence caused by other routes of introduction and transmission remains unclear,and current strategies to prevent resurgence could be flawed.Since July,SARS-CoV-2 RNA contaminations in frozen food imported from countries with ongoing epidemics have been reported in nine provinces in China[3,4].However,there is no robust evidence of COVID-19 outbreaks initiated by environmentto-human transmission.Here we add to evidence of such transmission by investigating the recent COVID-19 resurgence in Beijing. | Xinghuo Pang Lili Ren Shuangsheng Wu Wentai Ma Jian Yang Lin Di Jie Li Yan Xiao Lu Kang Shichang Du Jing Du Jing Wang Gang Li Shuguang Zhai Lijuan Chen Wenxiong Zhou Shengjie Lai Lei Gao Yang Pan Quanyi Wang Mingkun Li Jianbin Wang Yanyi Huang Jianwei Wang COVID-19 Field Response Group COVID-19 Laboratory Testing Group | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，12： | 51 |
| 12 | Gut-liver axis and probiotics: Their role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘The incidence of obesity and its related conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has dramatically increased in all age groups worldwide. Given the health consequences of these conditions, and the subsequent economic burden on healthcare systems, their prevention and treatment have become major priorities. Because standard dietary and lifestyle changes and pathogenically-oriented therapies(e.g., antioxidants, oral hypoglycemic agents, and lipid-lowering agents) often fail due to poor compliance and/or lack of efficacy, novel approaches directed toward other pathomechanisms are needed. Here we present several lines of evidence indicating that, by increasing energy extraction in some dysbiosis conditions or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth,specific gut microbiota and/or a'low bacterial richness'may play a role in obesity,metabolic syndrome,and fatty liver.Under conditions involving a damaged intestinal barrier('leaky gut'),the gut-liver axis may enhance the natural interactions between intestinal bacteria/bacterial products and hepatic receptors(e.g.,toll-like receptors),thus promoting the following cascade of events:oxidative stress,insulinresistance,hepatic inflammation,and fibrosis.We also discuss the possible modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics,as attempted in NAFLD animal model studies and in several pilot pediatric and adult human studies.Globally,this approach appears to be a promising and innovative add-on therapeutic tool for NAFLD in the context of multi-target therapy. | Giulia Paolella Claudia Mandato Luca Pierri Marco Poeta Martina Di Stasi Pietro Vajro | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，42： | 55 |
| 13 | Resection vs thermal ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma:What's the first choice?显示文摘Nowadays,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is frequently diagnosed at an early stage,opening good perspectives to radical treatment by means of liver transplantation,surgical resection,or percutaneous ablation.Liver transplantation is considered the best option,but the lack of liver donors represents a major limitation.Therefore,surgical resection,offering a 5-year-survival rate of over 50%,is considered the first-choice treatment for patients with early stage HCC,whereas percutaneous ablation is usually reserved to patients who are not candidate to surgery.However,in the recent years some trials showed that percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) can be as effective as surgical resection in terms of overall survival and recurrencefree survival rates in patients with small HCC,and a retrospective comparative study reported 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates and recurrence-free survival rates significantly better in patients with central HCC measuring 2 cm or smaller treated with RFA than in those treated with surgical resection.RFA is less expensive,less invasive,with lower complication rate and shorter hospital stay than surgical resection,and on the basis of the results of these studies it should be considered the first option in the treatment of very early HCC.However,RFA is size-dependent,so at present the need to achieve an adequate safety margin around the tumor limits to about 2 cm the diameter of the nodules that can be ablated with long-term outcomes comparable to or better than surgical resection.The main goal of the next technical developments of the thermal ablation systems should be the achievement of larger ablation areas with a single needle insertion.In this regard,the recent improvements in microwave energy delivery systems seem to open interesting perspectives to percutaneous microwave ablation,which could become the ablation technique of choice in the next future. | Paola Tombesi Francesca Di Vece Sergio Sartori | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，1： | 50 |
| 14 | Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To compare endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) for early gastric cancer(EGC).METHODS: Computerized bibliographic search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Schol-ar and Cochrane library databases. Quality of each included study was assessed according to current Co-chrane guidelines. Primary endpoints were en bloc re-section rate and histologically complete resection rate. Secondary endpoints were length of procedure, post-treatment bleeding, post-procedural perforation and re-currence rate. Comparisons between the two treatment groups across all the included studies were performed by using Mantel-Haenszel test for fixed-effects mod-els(in case of low heterogeneity) or DerSimonian and Laird test for random-effects models(in case of high heterogeneity).RESULTS: Ten retrospective studies(8 full text and 2 abstracts) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall data on 4328 lesions, 1916 in the ESD and 2412 in the EMR group were pooled and analyzed. The mean operation time was longer for ESD than for EMR(stan-dardized mean difference 1.73, 95%CI: 0.52-2.95, P =0.005) and the 'en bloc ' and histological complete re-section rates were significantly higher in the ESD group [OR = 9.69(95%CI: 7.74-12.13), P < 0.001 and OR = 5.66,(95%CI: 2.92-10.96), P < 0.001, respectively]. As a consequence of its greater radicality, ESD provided lower recurrence rate [OR = 0.09,(95%CI: 0.05-0.17), P < 0.001]. Among complications, perforation rate was significantly higher after ESD [OR = 4.67,(95%CI, 2.77-7.87), P < 0.001] whereas the bleeding incidences did not differ between the two techniques [OR = 1.49(0.6-3.71), P = 0.39].CONCLUSION: In the endoscopic therapy of EGC, ESD showed a superior efficacy but higher complication rate with respect to EMR. | Antonio Facciorusso Matteo Antonino Marianna Di Maso Nicola Muscatiello | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，11： | 50 |
| 15 | BMP-6 inhibits microRNA-21 expression in breast cancer through repressing 6EF1 and AP-1显示文摘 | Jun Du Shuang Yang Di An Fen Hu Wei Yuan Chunli Zhai Tianhui Zhu | 2009 | Cell Research2009，19，4： | 44 |
| 16 | An Interdisciplinary Nutrition Support Team Improves Clinical and Hospitalized Outcomes of Esophageal Cancer Patients with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy显示文摘 | Ming-Hua Cong Shu-Luan Li Guo-Wei Cheng Jin-Ying Liu Chen-Xin Song Ying-Bing Deng Wei-Hu Shang Di Yang Xue-Hui Liu Wei-Wei Liu Shi-Yan Lu Lei Yu | 2015 | Chinese Medical Journal2015，，22： | 41 |
| 17 | Effect of mild moxibustion on intestinal microbiota and NLRP6 inflammasome signaling in rats with post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘BACKGROUND About one-third of refractory irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)cases are caused by gastrointestinal(GI)infection/inflammation,known as post-infectious/postinflammatory IBS(PI-IBS).Although it is known that intestinal microbiota and host NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6(NLRP6)inflammsome signaling are closely related to PI-IBS and moxibustion has a therapeutic effect on PI-IBS,whether moxibustion regulates the intestinal flora and host NLRP6 events in PI-IBS remains unclear.AIM To examine the regulatory effect of moxibustion on intestinal microbiota and host NLRP6 inflammatory signaling in PI-IBS.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal control group,a model control group,a mild moxibustion group,and a sham mild moxibustion group.PI-IBS rats in the mild moxibustion group were treated with moxibusiton at bilateral Tianshu(ST 25)and Zusanli(ST36)for 7 consecutive days for 10 min each time.The sham group rats were given the same treatment as the mild moxibustion group except the moxa stick was not ignited.Abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)score was measured to assess the visceral sensitivity,and colon histopathology and ultrastructure,colonic myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity,and serum C-reactive protein(CRP)level were measured to evaluate low-grade colonic inflammation in rats.The relative abundance of selected intestinal bacteria in rat feces was detected by 16S rDNA PCR and the NLRP6 inflammsome signaling in the colon was detected by immunofluorescence,qRTPCR,and Western blot.RESULTS The AWR score was significantly decreased and the low-grade intestinal inflammation reflected by serum CRP and colonic MPO levels was inhibited in the mild moxibustion group compared with the sham group.Mild moxibustion remarkably increased the relative DNA abundances of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii but decreased that of Escherichia coli in the gut of PI-IBS rats.Additionally,mild moxibustion induced mRNA and protein expression of intestine lectin 1 but inhibited the expression of IL-1β,IL-18,and resistance-like moleculeβby promoting the NLRP6 and reducing the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC)and cysteinyl-aspartate-specific proteinase 1(Caspase-1).The relative DNA abundances of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacteria,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,and Escherichia coli in each group were correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP6,ASC,and Caspase-1 in the colon.CONCLUSION These findings indicated that mild moxibustion can relieve low-grade GI inflammation and alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS by regulating intestinal microbes and controlling NLRP6 inflammasome signaling. | Chun-Hui Bao Chun-Ye Wang Guo-Na Li Yi-Lu Yan Di Wang Xiao-Ming Jin Lu-Yi Wu Hui-Rong Liu Xiao-Mei Wang Zheng Shi Huan-Gan Wu | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，32： | 45 |
| 18 | Diagnosis and management of choledocholithiasis in the golden age of imaging, endoscopy and laparoscopy显示文摘Biliary lithiasis is an endemic condition in both Western and Eastern countries, in some studies affecting 20% of the general population. In up to 20% of cases, gallbladder stones are associated with common bile duct stones(CBDS), which are asymptomatic in up to one half of cases. Despite the wide variety of examinations and techniques available nowadays, two main open issues remain without a clear answer: how to cost-effectively diagnose CBDS and, when they are finally found, how to deal with them. CBDS diagnosis and management has radically changed over the last 30 years, following the dramatic diffusion of imaging, including endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) and magnetic resonance cholangiography(MRC), endoscopy and laparoscopy. Since accuracy, invasiveness, potential therapeutic use and costeffectiveness of imaging techniques used to identifyCBDS increase together in a parallel way, the concept of 'risk of carrying CBDS' has become pivotal to identifying the most appropriate management of a specific patient in order to avoid the risk of 'under-studying' by poor diagnostic work up or 'over-studying' by excessively invasive examinations. The risk of carrying CBDS is deduced by symptoms, liver/pancreas serology and ultrasound. 'Low risk' patients do not require further examination before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Two main 'philosophical approaches' face each other for patients with an 'intermediate to high risk' of carrying CBDS: on one hand, the 'laparoscopy-first' approach, which mainly relies on intraoperative cholangiography for diagnosis and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for treatment, and, on the other hand, the 'endoscopy-first' attitude, variously referring to MRC, EUS and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for diagnosis and endoscopic sphincterotomy for management. Concerning CBDS diagnosis, intraoperative cholangiography, EUS and MRC are reported to have similar results. Regarding management, the recent literature seems to show better short and long term outcome of surgery in terms of retained stones and need for further procedures. Nevertheless, open surgery is invasive, whereas the laparoscopic common bile duct clearance is time consuming, technically demanding and involves dedicated instruments. Thus, although no consensus has been achieved and CBDS management seems more conditioned by the availability of instrumentation, personnel and skills than cost-effectiveness, endoscopic treatment is largely preferred worldwide. | Renato Costi Alessandro Gnocchi Francesco Di Mario Leopoldo Sarli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，37： | 48 |
| 19 | Microbiota and the gut-liver axis:Bacterial translocation,inflammation and infection in cirrhosis显示文摘Liver disease is associated with qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microbiota.In cirrhotic patients the alteration in gut microbiota is characterized by an overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria(i.e.,gram negative species)and a decrease in autochthonous familiae.Here we summarize the available literature on the risk of gut dysbiosis in liver cirrhosis and its clinical consequences.We therefore described the features of the complex interaction between gut microbiota and cirrhotic host,the so called'gut-liver axis',with a particular attention to the acquired risk of bacterial translocation,systemic inflammation and the relationship with systemic infections in the cirrhotic patient.Such knowledge might help to develop novel and innovative strategies for the prevention and therapy of gut dysbiosis and its complication in liver cirrhosis. | Valerio Giannelli Vincenza Di Gregorio Valerio Iebba Michela Giusto Serena Schippa Manuela Merli Ulrich Thalheimer | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，45： | 43 |
| 20 | Laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: initial experience显示文摘背景帮助 Laparoscopy 的激进的 gastrectomy 为治疗早胃的癌症正在获得接受。然而,在开的远侧的 gastrectomy (ODG ) 是还可得到的以后,有关为比较结果的先进胃的癌症或数据的帮助 laparoscopy 的 D2 激进的远侧的 gastrectomy (LADG ) 的有效性的很少报告获得了。这研究的目的是评估方法,可行性和先进胃的癌症的 LADG 的临床的结果。回顾的研究被执行为先进胃的癌症比较 LADG 和 ODG 的方法。经历了 LADG 的 78 个病人与以在那里的病理学的调查结果,起作用的结果,和 complications.Results 经历了 ODG 的 90 个病人相比不是变换在 LADG 组和任何病人的没有手术后的死亡打开外科。在起作用的时间 LADG 和 ODG | DU Xiao-hui LI Rong CHEN Lin SHEN Di LI Song-yan GUO Qiang | 2009 | Chinese Medical Journal2009，，12： | 37 |
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