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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅰ.导论--GRADE证据概要表和结果总结表显示文摘本文是GRADE(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation)系列文章的导论。该系列文章为使用GRADE系统提供指导,介绍如何将该系统用于系统评价、卫生技术评估(HTAs)及临床实践指南中备选方案的证据质量评价和推荐强度评级。GRADE方法始于提出一个明晰的问题,包括对所有重要结果的详细说明。证据被收集和汇总后,GRADE提供了明确的标准来评价其质量,包括研究设计、偏倚风险、不精确性、不一致性、间接性及效应量大小。根据支撑证据质量及备选方案带来的预期和非预期结果间的平衡情况,推荐强度以强/弱(或表述为'有条件的'/'任意的')作为特征。GRADE建议用简洁、透明、信息量丰富的结果总结表来汇总证据(以显示证据质量及每一重要结果的相对效应量和绝对效应量),和(或)以证据概要表形式额外提供证据质量评价理由的详细信息。本系列的后续文章涉及如何采用GRADE方法明确构建问题、评价证据质量及形成推荐意见。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Elie Akl Regina Kunz Gunn Vist Jan Brozek Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter Paul Glasziou Hans deBeer Roman Jaeschke David Rind Joerg Meerpohl Philipp Dahm Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 蒋兰慧 沈建通 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 205 |
| 2 | The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada显示文摘Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern latitudes.This is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental management.The Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in Canada.The network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing products.This paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling programme.An overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are described.Several of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is highlighted.Some future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper. | Chris M DEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART Murray D MACKAY Philip MARSH | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，1： | 5 |
| 3 | A novel NOG mutation Pro37Arg in a family with tarsal and carpal synostoses显示文摘 | Fryns JP Devriendt K | 2004 | Am J Med Genet A2004，128，： | 1 |
| 4 | Gabapentin does not improve multimodal analgesia outcomes for total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial显示文摘 | James E. Paul Manyat Nantha-Aree Norman Buckley Ji Cheng Lehana Thabane Antonella Tidy Justin DeBeer Mitchell Winemaker David Wismer Dinshaw Punthakee Victoria Avram | 2013 | Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d’anesthésie2013，，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Liquid flow in biofilm systems显示文摘 | Stoodley P Debeer D Lewandowski Z 1994 | 1994 | Appl Env Microbiol1994，60，： | 1 |
| 6 | Calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff: func- tional outcome after arthroseopie treatment 显示文摘 | Jacobs R Debeer P | 2006 | Aeta Orthop Belg2006，3，： | 1 |
| 7 | Early alterations of growth factor patterns in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from preterm infants developing bronchopulrnonary dysplasia 显示文摘 | Been JV Debeer A van Iwaarden JF | 2010 | Pediatr Res2010，67，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Human Serum Amyloid (SAA) protein:a prominent acute phase reactant for clinical practice显示文摘 | Malle E DeBeer FC | 1996 | Eur J Clin Invest1996，126，： | 1 |
| 9 | Microelectrode measurements of the activity distribution in nitrifying bacterial aggregates显示文摘 | Debeer D Vandenheuvel J C Ottengraf S P P | 1993 | Appl Environ Microb1993，59，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Microelectrode measurements of the activity distribution in nitrifying bacterial aggregates 显示文摘 | Debeer D Vandenheuvcl J C Ottengraf S P P | 1993 | Appl Environ Microbiol1993，59，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Acetic acid for analgesics screening显示文摘 | Koster R Anderson M Debeer E J | 1959 | Fed Proc1959，18，： | 1 |
| 12 | PA26 is a candidate gene for heterotaxia in humans:identifica- tion of a novel PA26-related gene family in human and mouse 显示文摘 | PEETERS H DEBEER P BAIROCH A | 2003 | Human Genetics2003，112，56： | 1 |
| 13 | Biofilms, the customized microniche显示文摘 | COSTERTON J W LEWANDOWSKI Z DEBEER D | 1994 | Journal of Bacteriology1994，176，： | 1 |
| 14 | Association between serum amyloid A proteins and coronary artery disease: evidence from two distinct arteriosclerotic processes 显示文摘 | Fyfe A I Rothenberg L S DeBeer F C | 1997 | Circulation1997，96，： | 1 |
| 15 | Traumatic glenohumeral bone defects and their relationship to failure of arthroscopic Bankart repairs:signifcance of the inverted-pear glenoid and the humeral engaging Hill-Sacks lesion显示文摘 | Burkhart SS DeBeer JF | | 0，，07： | 1 |
| 16 | 显示文摘 | Thomas R Van Oers E M deBeer V H J | 1982 | J Catal1982，76，： | 1 |
| 17 | Spondylolisthesis in twins:multifactorial etiology:a case report and review of the literature显示文摘 | Moke L Debeer P Moens P | 2011 | Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2011，36，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of early surgery after hip fracture on mortality and complications: systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | Simunovic Nicole Devereaux P J Sprague Sheila Guyatt Gordon H Schemitsch Emil DeBeer Justin Bhandari Mohit | 2010 | Canadian Medical Association. Journal2010，，15： | 1 |
| 19 | Event-related po tential measures of information processing during general anesthesia显示文摘 | VanHooff J C deBeer N A Brunia C H | 1997 | Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1997，103，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Heterotopic ossification of the supraspinatus tendon after rotator cuff repair, case report显示文摘 | Degreef I Debeer P | 2006 | Clin Rheumato2006，25，2： | 1 |
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