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| 1 | Does progesterone show neuroprotective effects on traumatic brain injury through increasing phosphorylation of Akt in the hippocampus?显示文摘There are currently no federally approved neuroprotective agents to treat traumatic brain injury. Progesterone, a hydrophobic steroid hormone, has been shown in recent studies to exhibit neuroprotective effects in controlled cortical impact rat models. Akt is a protein kinase known to play a role in cell signaling pathways that reduce edema, inflammation, apoptosis, and promote cell growth in the brain. This study aims to determine if progesterone modulates the phosphorylation of Akt via its threonine 308 phosphorylation site. Phosphorylation at the threonine 308 site is one of several sites responsible for activating Akt and enabling the protein kinase to carry out its neuroprotective effects. To assess the effects of progesterone on Akt phosphorylation, C57BL/6 mice were treated with progesterone(8 mg/kg) at 1(intraperitonally), 6, 24, and 48 hours(subcutaneously) post closed-skull traumatic brain injury. The hippocampus was harvested at 72 hours post injury and prepared for western blot analysis. Traumatic brain injury caused a significant decrease in Akt phosphorylation compared to sham operation. However, mice treated with progesterone following traumatic brain injury had an increase in phosphorylation of Akt compared to traumatic brain injury vehicle. Our findings suggest that progesterone is a viable treatment option for activating neuroprotective pathways after traumatic brain injury. | Richard Justin Garling Lora Talley Watts Shane Sprague Lauren Fletcher David F.Jimenez Murat Digicaylioglu | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，21： | 6 |
| 2 | Operative vs non-operative management of displaced proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials显示文摘AIM: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing operative vs non-operative treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients.METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using EMBASE and MEDLINE through the OVID interface,CINAHL,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL),Proquest,Web of Science,SAE digital library,and Transportation Research Board's TRID database.Searches of conference proceedings were also conducted.All available randomized controlled trials comparing operative vs non-operative management of displaced three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients were included.The primary outcomes measures included physical function,pain,health related quality of life,mortality,and the re-operation rate.RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials(n = 287) were included.There was no statistically significant difference in function(MD = 1.72,95%CI:-2.90-6.34,P = 0.47),as measured by the Constant score,between the operative and the non-operative treatment groups.There was no statistically significance difference insecondary outcomes of health related quality of life(standardized MD = 0.27,95%CI:-0.05-0.59,P = 0.09),and mortality(relative risk 1.29,95%CI: 0.50-3.35,P = 0.60).Operative treatment had a statistically significant higher re-operation rate(relative risk 4.09,95%CI: 1.50-11.15,P = 0.006),and statistically significant decreased pain(MD = 1.26,95%CI: 0.02-2.49,P = 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is moderate quality evidence to suggest that there is no difference in functional outcomes between the two treatments.Further high quality randomized controlled trials are required to determine if certain subgroup populations benefit from surgical management. | Santa Rabi Nathan Evaniew Sheila A Sprague Mohit Bhandari Gerard P Slobogean | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，10： | 5 |
| 3 | Depositional architec- ture and sequence stratigraphy of the Karoo basin floor to shelf edge succession, Laingsburg depocentre, South Africa显示文摘 | Flint S S Hodgson D M Sprague A R | 2010 | Marine and Pe- troleum Geology2010，27，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Fungicideherbicide Interaction in Soybean(Glycine max)显示文摘 | BIERMAN R E RIECHERS D E SPRAGUE C L | 1995 | Crop Protection1995，14，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Effect of epistasis on grain yield in maize显示文摘 | Sprague G E Russel W A Penny L H | 1962 | Crop Sci1962，2，： | 1 |
| 6 | Depletion of ^13C in lignin and its implication for stabble carbon isotope studies显示文摘 | Benner R Fogel M L Sprague E K etal | 1987 | Nature1987，329，： | 1 |
| 7 | Composition of the roots and stubble of perennial ryegrass following partial defoliation 显示文摘 | Sullivan J H Sprague V G | 1943 | Plant Physiology1943，18，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Tremor frequency profile as a function of level of mental retardation 显示文摘 | Sprague RL Deutsch KM Newell KM | 2007 | Am J Merit Retard2007，112，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Disease management to population-based health: Stepsin the right direction 显示文摘 | Lisa Sprague | 2003 | NHPF Issue Brief2003，，791： | 1 |
| 10 | Fabric formed concrete revetment systems显示文摘 | Sprague C J Koutsourais M M | 1992 | Geotextiles and Geomembranes1992，，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Risk factors for nosocomial infection in criticallY children: a prospective cohort study 显示文摘 | Singh-Naz N Sprague BM Patel KM | 1996 | Crit Care Med1996，24，5： | 1 |
| 12 | A kinetic analysis of the ground leg during sprint running 显示文摘 | Mann R Sprague P | 1980 | Re Quart Exerc Sport1980，51，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Delimiting spawning areas of weakfish Cynoscion regalis (Family Sciaenidae) in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina using passive hydroacnustic surveys显示文摘 | Luczkovich J J M W Sprague S E Johnson | 1999 | Bioacoustics1999，10，： | 1 |
| 14 | Surgical delay and its effect on mortality in elderly hip fracture patients:a systematic review andmeta -analysis显示文摘 | Simunovic N Sprague S Bhandari M | 2011 | J Bone Joint Surg Br2011，93，： | 1 |
| 15 | Tech- nique for Monolithic Fabrication of Microlens Arrays 显示文摘 | POPVIC Z D SPRAGUE R A CONNEL G A N | 1988 | Applied Optics1988，27，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Uremic encephalopathy 显示文摘 | Moe SM Sprague SM | 1994 | Clin Nephrol1994，42，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Health care-associated infections: is there an end in sight? 显示文摘 | Sprague L | 2009 | Issue Brief Natl Health Policy Forum2009，138，2： | 1 |
| 18 | General versus specific combining ability in single crosses of corn 显示文摘 | Sprague G F Tatum L A | 1942 | Jour Amer Soc Agron1942，，34： | 1 |
| 19 | Do striped cusk-Eels Ophidion marginatum produce the chatter sound attributed to weakfish Cynoscion regails显示文摘 | SPRAGUE M W LUCZKOVICH J J | 2001 | Copeia2001，，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Tympanometric and acoustic-reflex studies in neonates显示文摘 | Sprague BH Wiley T Goldstein R | 1985 | Br J Audiol1985，28，： | 1 |
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