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| 1 | Role of the renin angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy显示文摘Diabetic nephropathy has been the cause of lot of mor bidity and mortality in the diabetic population.The renin angiotensin system(RAS) is considered to be involved in most of the pathological processes that result in diabetic nephropathy.This system has var ious subsystems which contribute to the disease pat ho logy.One of these involves angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) which shows in c reased activity during diabetic nephropathy.This causes hypertrophy of various renal cells and has a pres sor effect on arteriolar smooth muscle resulting in increas ed vascular pressure.Ang Ⅱ also induces inflamm ation,apoptosis,cell growth,migration and differentiation.Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production responsible for renal f ibrosis is also regulated by RAS.Polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzym e(ACE) and Angiotensinogen has been shown to have effects on RAS.Available treatment modalities have proven effective in controlling the progression of nephropathy.Various drugs(based on antagonism of RAS) are currently in the market and others are still under trial.Amongst the approved drugs,ACE inhibitors and ang iot ensin receptor blockers(ARBs) are widely used in clinical practice.ARBs are shown to be superior to ACE inhibitors in terms of reducing proteinuria but the combined role of ARBs with ACE inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy is under debate. | Tanuj Chawla Deepika Sharma Archana Singh | 2010 | World Journal of Diabetes2010，1，5： | 34 |
| 2 | PTEN-L is a novel protein phosphatase for ubiquitin dephosphorylation to inhibit PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy显示文摘Mitophagy 是为损坏线粒体的特定的消除的选择 autophagy 的一种重要类型。(PINK1 )导致 PTEN 的通常认为的 kinase 蛋白质 1 催化 ubiquitin (Ub ) 的 phosphorylation 在 PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy 的发作起一个关键作用。(PTEN-L ) 磷酸酶和 tensin 相当或相同的事物(PTEN ) 长是 PTEN 的最新识别的 isoform,与到它的 N 终点的 173 氨基酸的增加。这里,我们报导 PTEN-L 是经由它对 phosphorylated ubiquitin 的蛋白质磷酸酶活动的 mitophagy 的一个新奇否定管理者。我们发现 PTEN-L 在外部 mitochondrial 膜(OMM ) 本地化,而 PTEN-L 的删除支持, PTEN-L 的 overexpression 禁止, mitophagy 由各种各样的损坏线粒体的代理人导致了。机械学地, PTEN-L 能够有效地阻止 Parkin mitochondrial translocation,减少 Parkin phosphorylation,维持它的关上的不活跃的符合构造,并且禁止它的 E3 ligase 活动。更重要地, PTEN-L 在 vivo 减少 phosphorylated ubiquitin (pSer65-Ub ) 的水平,并且在 vitro,磷酸酶试金经由它的蛋白质磷酸酶活动证实那 PTEN-L dephosphorylates pSer65-Ub,独立于它的类脂化合物磷酸酶功能。一起拿,我们的调查结果为 ubiquitin 作为蛋白质磷酸酶表明 PTEN-L 的新奇功能,它抵抗在 mitophagy 正式就职和 mitophagy 的最终的抑制导致前馈控制机制的阻塞的调停 PINK1 的 ubiquitin phosphorylation。因此,理解 PTEN-L 的这新奇功能在控制 mitophagy 的分子的难题提供一关键错过片,在包括象 Parkinsons 那样的 neurodegenerative 混乱的许多重要人的疾病的一个批评过程疾病。 | Liming Wang Yik-Lam Cho Yancheng Tang Jigang Wang Jung-Eun Park Yajun Wu Chunxin Wang Yan Tong Ritu Chawla Jianbin Zhang Yin Shi Shuo Deng Guang Lu Yihua Wu Hayden Weng-Siong Tan Pornteera Pawijit Grace Gui-Yin Lim Hui-Ying Chan Jingzi Zhang Lei Fang Hanry Yu Yih-Cherng Liou Mallilankaraman Karthik Boon-Huat Bay Kah-Leong Lim Siu-Kwan Sze Celestial T. Yap Han-Ming Shen | 2018 | Cell Research2018，28，8： | 25 |
| 3 | Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment is better than the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of Liver criteria for defining acute-on-chronic liver failure and predicting outcome显示文摘AIM:To compare the utility of the Chronic Liver FailureSequential Organ Failure Assessment(CLIF-SOFA)and Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of Liver(APASL)definitions of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)in predicting short-term prognosis of patients with ACLF.METHODS:Consecutive patients of cirrhosis with acute decompensation were prospectively included.They were grouped into ACLF and no ACLF groups as per CLIF-SOFA and APASL criteria.Patients were followed up for 3 mo from inclusion or mortality whichever was earlier.Mortality at 28-d and 90-d was compared between no ACLF and ACLF groups as per both criteria.Mortality was also compared between different grades of ACLF as per CLIF-SOFA criteria.Prognostic scores like CLIF-SOFA,Acute Physiology and ChronicHealth Evaluation(APACHE)-Ⅱ,Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)scores were evaluated for their ability to predict 28-d mortality using area under receiver operating curves(AUROC).RESULTS:Of 50 patients,38 had ACLF as per CLIFSOFA and 19 as per APASL criteria.Males(86%)were predominant,alcoholic liver disease(68%)was the most common etiology of cirrhosis,sepsis(66%)was the most common cause of acute decompensation while infection(66%)was the most common precipitant of acute decompensation.The 28-d mortality in no ACLF and ACLF groups was 8.3%and 47.4%(P=0.018)as per CLIF-SOFA and 39%and 37%(P=0.895)as per APASL criteria.The 28-d mortality in patients with no ACLF(n=12),ACLF grade 1(n=11),ACLF grade 2(n=14)and ACLF grade 3(n=13)as per CLIF-SOFA criteria was 8.3%,18.2%,42.9%and76.9%(χ2 for trend,P=0.002)and 90-d mortality was 16.7%,27.3%,78.6%and 100%(χ2 for trend,P<0.0001)respectively.Patients with prior decompensation had similar 28-d and 90-d mortality(39.3%and 53.6%)as patients without prior decompensation(36.4%and 63.6%)(P=NS).AUROCs for 28-d mortality were 0.795,0.787,0.739 and 0.710 for CLIF-SOFA,APACHE-Ⅱ,Child-Pugh and MELD scores respectively.On multivariate analysis of these scores,CLIF-SOFA was the only significant independent predictor of mortality with an odds ratio 1.538(95%CI:1.078-2.194).CONCLUSION:CLIF-SOFA criteria is better than APASL criteria to classify patients into ACLF based on their prognosis.CLIF-SOFA score is the best predictor of short-term mortality. | Radha K Dhiman Swastik Agrawal Tarana Gupta Ajay Duseja Yogesh Chawla | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，40： | 26 |
| 4 | 18F-FDGPET/CT对局部进展性乳腺癌病人新辅助化疗早期反应的评价作用显示文摘我们评估^18F—FDG PET/CT对于乳腺癌病人新辅助化疗(NACT)2个周期后反应的评价作用。23例女性局部进展性乳腺癌病人纳入本研究。NACT2个周期后,根据临床检查、CT和^18F—FDG PET/CT评价早期反应。以NACT6个周期后手术病理结果作为参照。治疗前PET/CT显示23例病人共有26个病灶。原发性肿瘤大小为1.90~11.60cm,FDG最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)为3.6~38.6(平均11.7)。NACT2个周期后行PET/CT检查,原发性肿瘤大小为0.0—7.6cm, | A. Kumar R. Kumar V. Seenu S.D. Gupta M. Chawla A. Malhotra 范璐(译) 刘筠(校) | 2009 | 国际医学放射学杂志2009，32，4： | 18 |
| 5 | Intra-abdominal pressure:Time ripe to revise managementguidelines of acute pancreatitis?显示文摘AIM: To systematically review evidence on pathophysiology of intra-abdominal pressure(IAP) in acute pancreatitis(AP) with its clinical correlates. METHODS: Systematic review of available evidence in English literature with relevant medical subject heading terms on Pub Med, Medline and Scopus with further search from open access sources on internet as suggested by articles retrieved. RESULTS: Intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH) is increasingly gaining recognition as a point of specific intervention with potential to alter disease outcome and improve mortality in AP. IAH can be expected in at least 17% of patients presenting with diagnosis of AP to a typical tertiary care hospital(prevalence increasing to 50% in those with severe disease). Abdominal compartment syndrome can be expected in at least 15% patients with severe disease. Recent guidelines on management of AP do not acknowledge utility of surveillance for IAP other than those by Japanese Society of Hepato-BiliaryPancreatic Surgery. We further outline pathophysiologic mechanisms of IAH; understanding of which advances our knowledge and helps to coherently align common observed variations in management related conundrums(such as fluid therapy, nutrition and antibiotic prophylaxis) with potential to further individualize treatment in AP. CONCLUSION: We suggest that IAP be given its due place in future practice guidelines and that recommendations be formed with help of a broader panel with inclusion of clinicians experienced in management of IAH. | jiten jaipuria vimal bhandari avneet singh chawla mohit singh | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2016，7，1： | 14 |
| 6 | Immunology of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is primarily a malignancy of the liver, advancing from a damaged, cirrhotic liver to HCC. Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplastic disease-related deaths. A diverse array of infiltrating immunocytes regulates the development and progression of HCC, as is the case in many other cancers. An understanding of the various immune components during HCC becomes necessary so that novel therapeutic strategies can be designed to combat the disease. A dysregulated immune system(including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells(e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC. | Meenakshi Sachdeva Yogesh K Chawla Sunil K Arora | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，17： | 14 |
| 7 | Chronic hepatitis E: A brief review显示文摘Hepatitis E viral infection has traditionally been considered an acute, self-limited, water borne disease similar to hepatitis A, endemic to developing countries. However, over the past decade, zoonotic transmission and progression to chronicity in human patients has been identified, resulting in persistently elevated transaminase levels, progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. In addition to liver injury, neurological, renal and rheumatological manifestations have also been reported. Chronic hepatitis E occurs mainly in immunosuppressed individuals such as transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus patients with low CD4 counts and in patients with hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy. Diagnosis is established by persistent elevation of hepatitis E virus RNA in the stool or serum. This population often requires treatment with antiviral agents, particularly ribavirin, as spontaneous clearance with reduction in immunosuppression occurs only in about a third of the patients. The purpose of this review, is to further discuss the clinical presentation, and recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of chronic hepatitis E. | Arvind R Murali Vikram Kotwal Saurabh Chawla | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，19： | 9 |
| 8 | Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Asian Indians is neither associated with iron overload nor with HFE gene mutations显示文摘AIM: The pathogenesis of occurrence of liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not completely understood. Other than insulin resistance, iron abnormalities have been thought to be one of the triggering factors. Therefore, our aim was to study the role of iron abnormalities and HFE gene mutations in patients with NASH.METHODS: Thirty-one patients of NASH diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination biochemistry, ultrasonography and liver biopsy (n = 14) were included in the study. Serum iron parameters (n = 23) (iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity and transferrin saturation), Peris' iron staining on liver biopsies (n = 14) and HFE gene mutations (C282Y and H63D) (n = 16) were studied in these patients. The association between iron staining, necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis stage on liver biopsies was also determined.RESULTS: Elevated serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation above 55% were observed in 4.3% of patients.On histology, 71% of the patients had negative iron staining,21.4% had 1+ staining, 7.2% had 2+ staining and none had 3+ or 4+ staining. There was no association between the degree of iron staining and necroinflammatory activity (P = 0.55) and fibrosis stage (P = 0.09) on histology. None of the patients had C282Y HFE gene mutation and four patients (25%) were found to be heterozygotes for H63D gene mutation.CONCLUSION: Our study does not favor iron overload and HFE gene mutations as major factors in the pathogenesis of NASH in Asian Indians. | Ajay Duseja Reena Das Mohit Nanda Ashim Das Gurjeewan Garewal Yogesh Chawla | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，3： | 9 |
| 9 | Plant Species Diversity along an Altitudinal Gradient of Bhabha Valley in Western Himalaya显示文摘The present study highlights the rich species diversity of higher plants in the Bhabha Valley of western Himalaya in India. The analysis of species diversity revealed that a total of 313 species of higher plants inhabit the valley with a characteristic of moist alpine shrub vegetation. The herbaceous life forms dominate and increase with increasing altitude. The major representations are from the families Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Poaceae, suggesting thereby the alpine meadow nature of the study area. The effect of altitude on species diversity displays a hump-shaped curve which may be attributed to increase in habitat diversity at the median ranges and relatively less habitat diversity at higher altitudes. The anthropogenic pressure at lower altitudes results in low plant diversity towards the bottom of the valley with most of the species being exotic in nature. Though the plant diversity is less at higher altitudinal ranges, the uniqueness is relatively high with high species replacement rates. More than 90 % of variability in the species diversity could be explained using appropriate quantitative and statistical analysis along the altitudinal gradient. The valley harbours 18 threatened and 41 endemic species, most of which occur at higher altitudinal gradients due to habitat specificity. | Amit Chawla S.Rajkumar K.N.Singh Brij Lal R.D.Singh A.K.Thukral | 2008 | Journal of Mountain Science2008，5，2： | 8 |
| 10 | Portal hypertensive enteropathy显示文摘Portal hypertensive enteropathy(PHE) is a condition that describes the pathologic changes and mucosal abnormalities observed in the small intestine of patients with portal hypertension. This entity is being increasingly recognized and better understood over the past decade due to increased accessibility of the small intestine made possible by the introduction of video capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy. Though challenged by its diverse endoscopic appearance, multiple scoring systems have been proposed to classify the endoscopic presentationand grade its severity. Endoscopic findings can be broadly categorized into vascular and non-vascular lesions with many subtypes of both categories. Clinical manifestations of PHE can range from asymptomatic incidental findings to fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Classic endoscopic findings in the setting of portal hypertension may lead to a prompt diagnosis. Occasionally histopathology and cross sectional imaging like computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Management of overt bleeding requires multidisciplinary approach involving hepatologists, endoscopists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists. Adequate resuscitation, reduction of portal pressure, and endoscopic therapeutic intervention remain the main principles of the initial treatment. This article reviews the existing evidence on PHE with emphasis on its classification, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, endoscopic appearance, pathological findings, and clinical management. A new schematic management of ectopic variceal bleed is also proposed. | Parit Mekaroonkamol Robert Cohen Saurabh Chawla | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，2： | 8 |
| 11 | Anti-HBc screening in Indian blood donors:Still an unresolved issue显示文摘AIM:To study the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg and to evaluate whether anti-HBc detection could be adopted in India as a screening assay for HBV in addition to HBsAg. METHODS: A total of 1700 serum samples collected from HBsAg-negative healthy blood donors were tested for the presence of anti-HBc antibody (IgM + IgG). All samples reactive for anti-HBc antibody were then investigated for presence of anti-HBs and for liver function tests (LFTs). One hundred serum samples reactive for anti-HBc were tested for HBV DNA by PCR method. RESULTS: Out of 1700 samples tested, 142 (8.4%) blood samples were found to be reactive for anti-HBc. It was signif icantly lower in voluntary (6.9%) as compared to replacement donors (10.4%, P = 0.011). Seventy- two (50.7%) anti-HBc reactive samples were also reactive for anti-HBs with levels > 10 mIU/mL and 70 (49.3%) samples were non-reactive for anti-HBs, these units were labeled as anti-HBc-only. These 142 anti-HBc reactive units were also tested for liver function test. HBV DNA was detected in only 1 of 100 samples tested. CONCLUSION: Keeping in view that 8%-18% of donor population in India is anti-HBc reactive, inclusion of anti- HBc testing will lead to high discard rate. Anti-HBs as proposed previously does not seem to predict clearance of the virus. Cost effectiveness of introducing universalanti-HBc screening and discarding large number of blood units versus considering ID NAT (Individual donor nuclic acid testing) needs to be assessed. | Hari Krishan Dhawan Neelam Marwaha Ratti Ram Sharma Yogesh Chawla Beenu Thakral Karan Saluja Sanjeev Kumar Sharma Manish K Thakur Ashish Jain | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，34： | 8 |
| 12 | Genetic polymorphism in CD14 gene, a co-receptor of TLR4 associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM To evaluate the pathogenic role of toll-like receptor(TLR) gene polymorphisms in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS Two hundred and fifty subjects(NAFLD = 200, healthy volunteers = 50) underwent polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism to assess one polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) gene(A753G), two polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene(TLR4 Asp299 Gly and Thr399 Ile allele), and two polymorphisms in the cluster of differentiation 14(CD14)(C-159 T and C-550T) gene, a co-receptor of TLR4. Association of TLR gene polymorphisms with NAFLD and its severity was evaluated by genetic models of association.RESULTS On both multiplicative and recessive models of gene polymorphism association, there was significant association of CD14 C(-159) T polymorphism with NAFLD; patients with TT genotype had a 2.6 fold increased risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to CC genotype. There was no association of TLR2 Arg753 Gln, TLR4 Asp299 Gly, Thr399 Ile, and CD14 C(-550) T polymorphisms with NAFLD. None of the TLR gene polymorphisms had an association with histological severity of NAFLD.CONCLUSION Patients with CD14 C(-159) T gene polymorphism, a co-receptor of TLR4, have an increased risk of NAFLD development. | Shweta Kapil Ajay Duseja Bal Krishan Sharma Bhupesh Singla Anuradha Chakraborti Ashim Das Pallab Ray Radha K Dhiman Yogesh Chawla | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，42： | 7 |
| 13 | Frequency of primary iron overload and HFE gene mutations (C282Y,H63D and S65C) in chronic liver disease patients in north India显示文摘AIM:To identify the frequency of iron overload and study the three mutations in the HFE gene (C282Y,H63D,and S65C) in patients with chronic liver disorders (CLD) and controls. METHODS:To identify patients with iron overload (transferrin saturation > 45% in females and > 50% in males and serum ferritin > 1000 ng/mL) we evaluated 236 patients with CLD,including 59 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),22 with alcoholic liver disease (ALD),19 of cirrhosis due to viruses (HBV,HCV),and 136 with cryptogenic cirrhosis. Mutations of the HFE gene were analyzed by PCR-RE. hundred controls were screened for iron status and the mutations. RESULTS:Seventeen patients with CLD showed evidence of iron overload. Fifteen cases of iron overload had cryptogenic cirrhosis and two had ALD. None of the controls showed iron overload. We did not find any individual with 282Y or 65C either in the cases or in the controls. The prevalence of H63D heterozygosity was 12% in normal individuals,14.8% in 236 patients (16.9% in NASH,13.6% in ALD,26.3% in viral and 12.5% in cryptogenic cirrhosis) and the overall prevalence was 13.98%. Only two of the 17 patients with primary iron overload were heterozygous for H63D. One patient with NASH and one normal individual who were homozygous for H63D showed no iron overload.CONCLUSION:Primary iron overload in Indians is nonHFE type,which is different from that in Europeans and further molecular studies are required to determine the defect in various iron regulatory genes. | Barjinderjit Kaur Dhillon Reena Das Gurjeewan Garewal Yogesh Chawla RK Dhiman Ashim Das Ajay Duseja GR Chandak | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，21： | 5 |
| 14 | Locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma:The best is yet to come显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth-most common type of cancer worldwide. The only definitive treatment modalities capable of achieving a cure are hepatic resection and hepatic transplantation. However, most patients are not candidates for these therapies. Overall, treatment options are driven by the stage of HCC. Early-stage disease is treated with ablative therapies, with radiofrequency ablation the ablative therapy of choice. Microwave ablation and irreversible electroporation are the other upcoming alternatives. Intermediate-stage disease is managed with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE), while advanced-stage disease is managed by sorafenib, with TACE and radioembolization as other alternatives. | Naveen Kalra Pankaj Gupta Yogesh Chawla Niranjan Khandelwal | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，10： | 5 |
| 15 | Pulmonary nocardiosis due to Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an immunocompetent host-A rare case report显示文摘Nocardiosis is a localized or disseminated infection caused by soil-borne aerobic actinomycetes. Pulmonary nocardiosis is a rare infection mostly occurring in immunocompromised patients.We reported a case of 36 year old immunocompetent non-smoker female patient with no premorbid illness who presented with fever,cough with scanty sputum,hemoptysis,left sided chest pain and exertional dyspnea for two weeks.There was no past history of tuberculosis,diabetes mellitus or steroid therapy.Chest X-ray showed homogenous peripherally based opacity in the left upper zone.Bronchoscopy was done and brushing sent for culture,which showed colonies with features of Nocardia species after 48 hours.Further phenotypic characterization revealed it to be Nocardia otitidiscaviarum.Patient was treated with cotrimaxazole for six months after which complete recovery was evidenced symptomatically and radiologically.We report this case to emphasize the fact that among the Nocardia species,Nocardia otitidiscaviarum as causative agent of pulmonary disease is rarely reported even in immunocompromised individuals. | Kusugodlu Ramamoorthi Baise Chandrappagouda Pruthvi Neeleshwara Radhakrishna Rao Jayaprakash Belle Kiran Chawla | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL)显示文摘 | Shiv Kumar Sarin Ashish Kumar John A. Almeida Yogesh Kumar Chawla Sheung Tat Fan Hitendra Garg H. Janaka Silva Saeed Sadiq Hamid Rajiv Jalan Piyawat Komolmit George K. Lau Qing Liu Kaushal Madan Rosmawati Mohamed Qin Ning Salimur Rahman Archana Rastogi St | 2009 | Hepatology International2009，，1： | 4 |
| 17 | An unusual presentation of sclerosing mesenteritis as pneumoperitoneum: Case report with a review of the literature显示文摘Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare condition that involves the small or large bowel mesentery. An unusual presentation of this condition, which led to difficult preoperative assessment and diagnosis, is described. This report is followed by a comprehensive review of the literature. | Sumita Chawla Satheesh Yalamarthi Irshad A Shaikh Veena Tagore Paul Skaife | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Key changes in denervated muscles and their impact on regeneration and reinnervation显示文摘The neuromuscular junction becomes progressively less receptive to regenerating axons if nerve repair is delayed for a long period of time.It is difficult to ascertain the denervated muscle's residual receptivity by time alone.Other sensitive markers that closely correlate with the extent of denervation should be found.After a denervated muscle develops a fibrillation potential,muscle fiber conduction velocity,muscle fiber diameter,muscle wet weight,and maximal isometric force all decrease; remodeling increases neuromuscular junction fragmentation and plantar area,and expression of myogenesis-related genes is initially up-regulated and then down-regulated.All these changes correlate with both the time course and degree of denervation.The nature and time course of these denervation changes in muscle are reviewed from the literature to explore their roles in assessing both the degree of detrimental changes and the potential success of a nerve repair.Fibrillation potential amplitude,muscle fiber conduction velocity,muscle fiber diameter,m RNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor could all reflect the severity and length of denervation and the receptiveness of denervated muscle to regenerating axons,which could possibly offer an important clue for surgical choices and predict the outcomes of delayed nerve repair. | Peng Wu Aditya Chawla Robert J.Spinner Cong Yu Michael J.Yaszemski Anthony J.Windebank Huan Wang | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，20： | 3 |
| 19 | Potential role of noninvasive biomarkers during liver fibrosis显示文摘Various types of liver disease exist,such as hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease.These liver diseases can result in scarring of liver tissue,cirrhosis,and finally liver failure.During liver fibrosis,there is an excess and disorganized accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM)components which cause the loss of normal liver cell functions.For patients with chronic liver disease,fibrosis prediction is an essential part of the assessment and management.To diagnose liver fibrosis,several invasive and noninvasive markers have been proposed.However,the adoption of invasive markers remains limited due to their inherent characteristics and poor patient acceptance rate.In contrast,noninvasive markers can expedite the clinical decision through informed judgment about disease stage and prognosis.These noninvasive markers are classified into two types:Imaging techniques and serum biomarkers.However,the diagnostic values of biomarkers associated with liver fibrosis have also been analyzed.For example,the serum levels of ECM proteins can react to either matrix accumulation or degradation.During virus-host interactions,several regulatory steps take place to control gene expression,such as the change in cellular microRNA expression profiles.MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs(18-20 long nucleotides)that function by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.Although various noninvasive markers have been suggested in recent years,certain limitations have restricted their clinical applications.Understanding the potential of non-invasive biomarkers as a therapeutic option to treat liver fibrosis is still in progress. | Navneet Kaur Gitanjali Goyal Ravinder Garg Chaitanya Tapasvi Sonia Chawla Rajneet Kaur | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，12： | 3 |
| 20 | Liver fibrosis: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL)显示文摘 | Gamal Shiha Shiv Kumar Sarin Alaa Eldin Ibrahim Masao Omata Ashish Kumar Laurentius A. Lesmana Nancy Leung Nurdan Tozun Saeed Hamid Wasim Jafri Hitoshi Maruyama Pierre Bedossa Massimo Pinzani Yogesh Chawla Gamal Esmat Wahed Doss Taher Elzanaty Puja Sakhuj | 2009 | Hepatology International2009，，2： | 2 |
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