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| 1 | Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine sensitizes HT-29 colorectal cancer cells to concurrent chemoradiation显示文摘AIM:To investigate whether the inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine(CQ)sensitizes rectal tumors to radiation therapy(RT)or concurrent chemoradiation(chemoRT).METHODS:In vitro,HCT-116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer(CRC)cell lines were treated as following:(1)PBS;(2)CQ;(3)5-fluorouracil(5-FU);(4)RT;(5)CQ and RT;(6)5-FU and RT;(7)CQ and 5-FU;and(8)5-FU and CQ and RT.Each group was then exposed to various doses of radiation(0-8 Gy)depending on the experiment.Cell viability and proliferative capacity were measured by3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)and clonogenic assays.Clonogenic survivalcurves were constructed and compared across treatment groups.Autophagy status was determined by assessing the LC3-Ⅱto LC3-Ⅰratio on western blot analysis,autophagosome formation on electron microscopy and identification of a perinuclear punctate pattern with GFPlabeled LC3 on fluorescence microscopy.Cell cycle arrest and cell death were evaluated by FACS and AnnexinⅤanalysis.All experiments were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was performed by the student’s t test to compare means between treatment groups.RESULTS:RT(2-8 Gy)induced autophagy in HCT-116and HT-29 CRC cell lines at 4 and 6 h post-radiation,respectively,as measured by increasing LC3-Ⅱto LC3-Ⅰratio on western blot.Additionally,electron microscopy demonstrated autophagy induction in HT-29 cells24 h following irradiation at a dose of 8 Gy.Drug treatment with 5-FU(25μmol/L)induced autophagy and the combination of 5-FU and RT demonstrated synergism in autophagy induction.CQ(10μmol/L)alone and in combination with RT effectively inhibited autophagy and sensitized both HCT-116 and HT-29 cells to treatment with radiation(8 Gy;P<0.001 and 0.00001,respectively).Significant decrease in clonogenic survival was seen only in the HT-29 cell line,when CQ was combined with RT at doses of 2 and 8 Gy(P<0.5 and P=0.05,respectively).There were no differences in cell cycle progression or Annexin V staining upon CQ addition to RT.CONCLUSION:Autophagy inhibition by CQ increases CRC cell sensitivity to concurrent treatment with 5-FU and RT in vitro,suggesting that addition of CQ to chemoRT improves CRC treatment response. | Caitlin A Schonewolf Monal Mehta Devora Schiff Hao Wu Bruce G Haffty Vassiliki Karantza Salma K Jabbour | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，3： | 12 |
| 2 | Multidisciplinary approach for patients with esophageal cancer显示文摘Patients with esophageal cancer have a poor prognosis because they often have no symptoms until their disease is advanced. There are no screening recommendations for patients unless they have Barrett's esophagitis or a significant family history of this disease. Often, esophageal cancer is not diagnosed until patients present with dysphagia, odynophagia, anemia or weight loss. When symptoms occur, the stage is often stage Ⅲ or greater. Treatment of patients with very early stage disease is fairly straight forward using only local treatment with surgical resection or endoscopic mucosal resection. The treatment of patients who have locally advanced esophageal cancer is more complex and controversial. Despite multiple trials, treatment recommendations are still unclear due to conflicting data. Sadly, much of our data is difficult to interpret due to many of the trials done have included very heterogeneous groups of patients both histologically as well as anatomically. Additionally, studies have been underpowered or stopped early due to poor accrual. In the United States, concurrent chemoradiotherapy prior to surgical resection has been accepted by many as standard of care in the locally advanced patient. Patients who have metastatic disease are treated palliatively. The aim of this article is to describe the multidisciplinary approach used by an established team at a single high volume center for esophageal cancer, and to review the literature which guides our treatment recommendations. | Victoria M Villaflor Marco E Allaix Bruce Minsky Fernando A Herbella Marco G Patti | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，46： | 9 |
| 3 | 新西兰黄土和中国黄土的对比研究显示文摘根据野外观测和实验室分析,本文详细地论述了新西兰黄土在分布、粒度组成、矿物成分、化学成分、石英砂表面微结构及古土壤等方面的特征,并通过与中国黄土的对比,指出新西兰黄土形成于比较潮湿的气候条件之下,其物源主要来自当地的河流泛滥平原、冰水平原和低海面时的大陆架平原,是风力就地吹扬堆积的产物。 | 夏正楷 Bruce J G Crozier M J | 1993 | 地理学报1993，48，4： | 4 |
| 4 | Preferential CTL targeting of Gag is associated with relative viral control in long-term surviving HIV-1 infected former plasma donors from China显示文摘它通常被相信细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞(CTL ) 玩的那 CD8 + 在限制人的免疫不全病毒类型 1 的复制(HIV-1 ) 并且在决定感染的结果,和这效果可以部分优先地取决于产品是哪个 HIV 的一个关键角色指向了。在以前的血浆施主(FPD ) 的一个队探讨在 HIV-1-specific CTL 回答和病毒复制之间的关联,天真的 FPD 与 HIV-1 clade B' 紧张感染了的 143 antiretroviral 治疗与 IFN-γ 为 HIV-1-specific CTL 回答被估计;在由使用盖住整个一致 clade B proteome 的重叠的肽(OLP ) 的单个肽水平的 Elispot 试金。由使用一个枪兵的等级关联分析,当是断然相关到 CD4 计数时,我们发现在全部的病毒特定的 CTL 活动之中的作呕特定的 CTL 回答的比例相反地与病毒的负担被相关,与与增加的病毒的负担被联系并且减少的Pol特定、Env特定的回答对比, CD4 数。另外, Vpr-specifc CTL 回答显示出类似的保护的效果与作呕回答,但是与识别的低得多的频率。显著地,我们也观察了在 HLA 之间的一个协会 --*30/B*13/Cw*06 haplotype 和可能由于的更低的病毒的负担限制了作呕特定的 CTL 回答。因此,我们的数据在疾病控制表明作呕特定的 CTL 回答的突出的角色。HLA 的优点 -- 在病毒的控制的 *30/B*13/Cw*06 haplotype 可以在学习个人与作呕特定的 CTL 回答的贡献被联系。 | Mingming Jia Kunxue Hong Jianping Chen Yuhua Ruan Zhe Wang Bing Su Guoliang Ren Xiaoqing Zhang Zhen Liu Quanbi Zhao Dan Li Hong Peng Marcus Altfeld Bruce D Walker Xu G Yu Yiming Shao | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，5： | 3 |
| 5 | Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions显示文摘 | Elizabeth M Brunt Christine G Janney Adrian M Di Bisceglie Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri Bruce R Bacon | 1999 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology1999，，9： | 3 |
| 6 | Fondaparinux预防老年急性内科患者发生静脉血栓形成的效果与安全性:随机安慰剂对照研究显示文摘目的:观察 Fondaparinux 对具有中高度静脉血栓发生危险的老年急性内科住院患者的抗凝效果与安全性。设计:双盲随机安慰剂对照研究。背景:8个国家的35个中心。参与者:849例≥60岁内科患者,住院原因分别为充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺病合并急性呼吸系统疾患、急性炎症性或感染性疾病,预期至少住院4天以上。干预:2.5 mg Fondaparinux 或安慰剂,每天1次皮下注射,持续6~14天。观察指标:主要指标为静脉血栓形成(治疗后15天内采用双侧静脉造影检查)及有症状的静脉血栓;次要指标为死亡与出血。患者随访时间为1个月。结果:Fondaparinux 治疗组425例患者和安慰剂组414例患者接受了安全性分析(10例未治疗)。644例患者(75.9%)可接受主要指标分析。静脉血栓检出率在 Fondaparinux 治疗组为5.6%(18/321),安慰剂组为10.5%(34/323),相对危险减少46.7%(95% CI 7.7%~69.3%)。安慰剂组5例患者发生有症状的静脉血栓,Fondaparinux治疗组无患者发生有症状的静脉血栓(P=0.029)。两组均有1例(0.2%)患者发生严重出血。随访结束时,安慰剂组、Fondaparinux 治疗组分别死亡25(6.0%)、14(3.3%)例患者。结论:Fondaparinux 可有效预防急性内科老年患者无症状性及有症状的静脉血栓。严重出血几率两组相似。 | Alexander T Cohen Bruce L Davidson Alexander S Gallus Michael R Lassen Martin H Prins Witold Tomkowski Alexander G G Turpie Jan F M Egberts Anthonie W A Lensing 石汉平(译) 王深明(校) | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，5： | 3 |
| 7 | Diagnostic accuracy of tests for Helicobacter pylori in an Alaska Native population显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of two non-invasivetests in a population of Alaska Native persons. Highrates of Helico bacter pylori(H. pylori) infection,H. pylori treatment failure,and gastric cancer in this population necessitate documentation of infection status atmultiple time points over a patient's life.METHODS:In 280 patients undergoing endoscopy,H. pylori was diagnosed by culture,histology,rapidurease test,13C urea breath test(UBT) ,and immuno-globulin G antibodies to H. pylori in serum. The performances of 13C-UBT and antibody test were compared to a gold standard defined by a positive H. pylori testby culture or,in case of a negative culture result,bypositive histology and a positive rapid urease test.RESULTS:The sensitivity and specificity of the 13C-UBT were 93% and 88%,respectively,relative to thegold standard. The antibody test had an equivalents ensitivity of 93% with a reduced specificity of 68%.The false positive results for the antibody test were as-sociated with previous treatment for an H. pylori infection [relative risk(RR) = 2.8]. High levels of antibodiesto H. pylori were associated with chronic gastritis and male gender,while high scores in the 13C-UBT testwere associated with older age and with the H. pyloribacteria load on histological examination(RR = 4.4) .CONCLUSION:The 13C-UBT out performed the anti-body test for H. pylori and could be used when a non-invasive test is clinically necessary to document treatment out come or when monitoring for reinfection. | Dana L Bruden Michael G Bruce Karen M Miernyk Julie Morris Debby Hurlburt Thomas W Hennessy Helen Peters Frank Sacco Alan J Parkinson Brian J McMahon | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，42： | 3 |
| 8 | Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions显示文摘 | Elizabeth M Brunt Christine G Janney Adrian M Di Bisceglie Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri Bruce R Bacon | 1999 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology1999，，9： | 2 |
| 9 | Choreography of AMPK activation显示文摘 | Christopher G Langendorf Bruce E Kemp | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，1： | 2 |
| 10 | 急性硬膜下血肿动物模型的制备显示文摘 | 姜正武 卢亦成 Bruce G Lyeth | 2001 | 第二军医大学学报2001，22，8： | 2 |
| 11 | The causes of land-use and land-cover change: moving beyond the myths显示文摘 | Eric F. Lambin B.L. Turner Helmut J. Geist Samuel B. Agbola Arild Angelsen John W. Bruce Oliver T. Coomes Rodolfo Dirzo Günther Fischer Carl Folke P.S. George Katherine Homewood Jacques Imbernon Rik Leemans Xiubin Li Emilio F. Moran Michael Mortimore P.S. | 2001 | Global Environmental Change2001，，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Synthesis of layered LiMnO2 as an electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries显示文摘 | Armstrong A R Bruce P G | 1996 | Nature1996，381，： | 1 |
| 13 | Soil pits as a simple design aid for subsurface drip irrigation systems显示文摘 | Michael A B Bruce G S David G B | 2003 | Irrig Sci2003，22，： | 1 |
| 14 | The catalysis of biodiesel synthesis显示文摘 | Lotero Edgar Goodwin James G Bruce David A | 2006 | Catalysis2006，19，： | 1 |
| 15 | From glucose to aromatics:recent developments in natu- ral products of the shikimic acid pathway显示文摘 | Bruce G | 1978 | Tetrahedron1978，34，： | 1 |
| 16 | Interactive venation-based leaf shape modeling显示文摘 | Sung Min Hong Bruce Simpson Gladimir V G Baranoski | 2005 | Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds2005，16，34： | 1 |
| 17 | Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections显示文摘 | Reid G Bruce AW Fraser N | 2001 | FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol2001，30，： | 1 |
| 18 | Development of broodstock diets for the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)with special emphasis on the importance of n-3 and n-6 HUFA to reproductive performance 显示文摘 | Bruce M P Oyen F Bell J G | 1999 | Aquaculture1999，177，： | 1 |
| 19 | Prospective evaluation of a D-optimal designed population pharmacokinetic study 显示文摘 | Bruce G Stephen BD | 2003 | J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn2003，30，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Stoichiometric LiMnO2 with a layered structure charge/discharge capacity and the influence of grinding显示文摘 | Paterson A J Armstrong A R Bruce P G | 2004 | Journal of Electrochem Soc2004，151，10： | 1 |
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