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| 1 | 世界大河水沙通量变化趋势研究(英文)显示文摘河流水沙运动是地球化学循环的重要驱动力.本研究基于全球变化背景下的长序列水沙资料,对4307条世界大河(流域面积≥1000 km^2)水-沙通量的9种变化趋势及其成因进行了系统研究.结果表明,全球24%的大河呈现显著的径流变化,但年入海通量基本保持稳定;40%的大河呈现显著的泥沙通量变化,年入海通量下降20.8%;其中,亚洲大型河流的水沙通量下降趋势及南美亚马逊河的悬移质浓度上升趋势尤为突出.总体上,71%的世界大河径流变化与降水密切相关,而泥沙通量变化受大坝运行和灌溉等人类活动影响较大. | 李莉 倪晋仁 常方 岳遥 Natalia Frolova Dmitry Magritsky Alistair GLBorthwick Philippe Ciais 王易初 郑春苗 Desmond E.Walling | 2020 | Science Bulletin2020，65，1： | 23 |
| 2 | Can we further optimize therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?显示文摘Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a leading cause of neonatal death and disability.Therapeutic hypothermia significantly reduces death and major disability associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy;however,many infants still experience lifelong disabilities to movement,sensation and cognition.Clinical guidelines,based on strong clinical and preclinical evidence,recommend therapeutic hypothermia should be started within 6 hours of birth and continued for a period of 72 hours,with a target brain temperature of 33.5 ±0.5℃ for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The clinical guidelines also recommend that infants be re warmed at a rate of 0.5℃ per hour,but this is not based on strong evidence.There are no randomized controlled trials investigating the optimal rate of rewarming after therapeutic hypothermia for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Preclinical studies of rewarming are conflicting and results were confounded by treatment with sub-optimal durations of hypothermia.In this review,we evaluate the evidence for the optimal start time,duration and depth of hypothermia,and whether the rate of rewarming after treatment affects brain injury and neurological outcomes. | Anthony Davies Guido Wassink Laura Bennet Alistair J.Gunn Joanne O.Davidson | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，10： | 20 |
| 3 | Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss显示文摘Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is one of the most common retinal diseases world-wide. It has a complex pathology that involves the vasculature of the inner retina and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Extensive research has determined that DR is not only a vascular disease but also has a neurodegenerative component and that essentially all types of cells in the retina are affected, leading to chronic loss of visual function. A great deal of work using animal models of DR has established the loss of neurons and pathology of other cell types, including supporting glial cells. There has also been an increased emphasis on measuring retinal function in the models, as well as further validation and extension of the animal studies by clinical and translational research. This article will attempt to summarize the more recent developments in research towards understanding the complexities of retinal neurodegeneration and functional vision loss in DR. | BARBER Alistair J. | 2015 | Science China(Life Sciences)2015，58，6： | 19 |
| 4 | A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment显示文摘 | Ajit K. Sarmah Michael T. Meyer Alistair B.A. Boxall | 2006 | Chemosphere2006，，5： | 10 |
| 5 | 海洋可再生能源的前景显示文摘以化石燃料为基础的发电方式会产生大量二氧化碳,从而导致全球气候变暖。我们需要采取行动减少化石燃料的使用和二氧化碳的排放。海洋能源存在巨大潜力,但是其开发还面临着跨学科的技术、成本、投资、环境影响和政府政策等方面的问题。本文简要介绍了海上风电、潮流、洋流、潮差、波浪能、海洋热能、盐度梯度、生物能等方面的内容,简述了开采海洋可再生能源需要进行研究的领域。这些领域包括能源存储、高级材料、机器人和信息学。本文以可持续性的角度从伦理、立法、监管环境、政府政策、经济、社会和环境制约等方面给出了海洋可再生能源发展的要求,强调我们亟需富有钻研精神的新一代科学家解决海洋可再生能源面临的重大挑战。 | Alistair G.L.Borthwick | 2016 | Engineering2016，2，1： | 8 |
| 6 | 水对硅酸盐岩体系部分熔融行为的影响:第二临界端点的重要意义显示文摘水对硅酸盐岩体系的许多物理—化学行为有着非常重大的影响。具体对部分熔融过程来说,水可以显著地降低熔融温度、改变熔体性质、影响微量元素在固—液相之间的分配。近年来,科学家们就大量水对硅酸盐岩体系的部分熔融过程的影响进行了许多的高压实验,他们主要关注第二临界端点对熔融过程的重要作用:第二临界端点的出现极大地改变着部分熔融过程中的基本相关系。本文主要针对这些高压实验研究做一总结,并对未来研究方向做一初步探讨。 | 刘曦 张立飞 HACK C Alistair 郑海飞 胡晓敏 常琳琳 何强 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，12： | 8 |
| 7 | 3D modeling and motion parallax for improved videoconferencing显示文摘We consider a face-to-face videoconferencing system that uses a Kinect camera at each end of the link for 3D modeling and an ordinary2 D display for output. The Kinect camera allows a 3D model of each participant to be transmitted;the(assumed static) background is sent separately.Furthermore, the Kinect tracks the receiver's head,allowing our system to render a view of the sender depending on the receiver's viewpoint. The resulting motion parallax gives the receivers a strong impression of 3D viewing as they move, yet the system only needs an ordinary 2D display. This is cheaper than a full3 D system, and avoids disadvantages such as the need to wear shutter glasses, VR headsets, or to sit in a particular position required by an autostereo display.Perceptual studies show that users experience a greater sensation of depth with our system compared to a typical 2D videoconferencing system. | Zhe Zhu Ralph R.Martin Robert Pepperell Alistair Burleigh | 2016 | Computational Visual Media2016，2，2： | 7 |
| 8 | Visual outcome after removal of silicone oil in patients undergoing retinectomy for complex retinal detachment显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the functional outcome after removal of silicone oil(ROSO)in patients undergoing retinectomy for complex retinal detachment.·METHODS:We performed a retrospective case note review of patients who underwent ROSO after retinectomy for complex retinal detachment.Patients with less than 6mo follow up and recurrent retinal detachment following ROSO were excluded.·RESULTS:Thirty-six patients were included.The mean best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)pre-ROSO was1.13 log MAR(SD 0.5).The mean BCVA 3mo following ROSO was 1.16 log MAR(SD 0.53),6mo following ROSO1.13(SD 0.63),and 12mo following ROSO 1.18(SD 0.69).At 12mo after ROSO,the BCVA improved in 38.9%of patients,remained unchanged in 25%,and deteriorated in 36.1%,although there was no statistical significant difference in BCVA after ROSO at 3,6 and 12mo(P=0.93).The size of retinectomy ranged from 15°to 270°(SD 53)and did not influence the visual outcome(P=0.11).·CONCLUSION:There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA between pre-and post-ROSO following retinectomy for complex retinal detachment.There was no statistical difference in visual outcome related to the size of the retinectomy. | Roger Wong Marco De Luca Manoharan Shunmugam Tom Williamson Alistair Laidlaw Valeria Vaccaro | 2016 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2016，9，1： | 7 |
| 9 | SKOSCore:简约知识组织网络表述语言显示文摘简约知识组织表述语言(SKOS Core)以资源描述框架(RDF)为基础,是一种表述规范词表中的基本结构和概念表内容的格式语言。所谓概念表(Concept Scheme)是指某领域里所有概念及概念之间的语义关系的集合。SKOS Core由网络联盟(W3C)语义网(Semantic Web)下的最佳实践和应用工作小组(Best Practice andDeployment Working Group)出版并维护。本文的主要目的是为SKOS Core在都柏林元数据中结合使用提供一些基本的诠释。通过给出各种规范词表用SKOS Core表达的例子,该文介绍了SKOS Core的管理政策、SKOS Core与都柏林元数据、资源描述框架结构语言(RDF Schema)以及网络实用分类系统语言(Web Ontology Language,OWL)之间的关系。SKOS Core的发展仍处在初级阶段,本文的介绍希望能够起到一个抛砖引玉的作用,同时也能促进下一步的发展,与都柏林元数据词汇的使用结合起来。 | Alistair Miles Brian Matthews Michael Wilson Dan Brickley | 2006 | 现代图书情报技术2006，，1： | 5 |
| 10 | 用于3-D地震的一种相干方法显示文摘本文是最近美国石油地质家协会达拉斯会议辨论的一个结论,由Mike Bahorich,Vasudhaven Sudhaker,Alex Cranberg,Don Herron和Tin Brown组成的小组提出的辨论题目是“相干法-这是我们等待已久的解决3-D地震解释的方法吗?” | Alistair R.Brown 袁秉衡 | 1998 | 国外油气勘探1998，10，3： | 5 |
| 11 | Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a subtropical coastal embayment(Moreton Bay, Australia)显示文摘Surface water methane(CH4) and nitrous oxide(N2O) concentrations and fluxes were investigated in two subtropical coastal embayments(Bramble Bay and Deception Bay,which are part of the greater Moreton Bay, Australia). Measurements were done at 23 stations in seven campaigns covering different seasons during 2010–2012. Water–air fluxes were estimated using the Thin Boundary Layer approach with a combination of wind and currents-based models for the estimation of the gas transfer velocities. The two bays were strong sources of both CH4 and N2O with no significant differences in the degree of saturation of both gases between them during all measurement campaigns. Both CH4 and N2O concentrations had strong temporal but minimal spatial variability in both bays.During the seven seasons, CH4 varied between 500% and 4000% saturation while N2O varied between 128 and 255% in the two bays. Average seasonal CH4 fluxes for the two bays varied between 0.5 ± 0.2 and 6.0 ± 1.5 mg CH24/(m·day) while N2 O varied between 0.4 ± 0.1 and1.6 ± 0.6 mg N2O/(m2·day). Weighted emissions(t CO2-e) were 63%–90% N2 O dominated implying that a reduction in N2 O inputs and/or nitrogen availability in the bays may significantly reduce the bays' greenhouse gas(GHG) budget. Emissions data for tropical and subtropical systems is still scarce. This work found subtropical bays to be significant aquatic sources of both CH4 and N2O and puts the estimated fluxes into the global context with measurements done from other climatic regions. | Ronald S.Musenze Ursula Werner Alistair Grinham James Udy Zhiguo Yuan | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，3： | 5 |
| 12 | Quality of life assessment in patients with chronic pancreatitis receiving antioxidant therapy显示文摘AIM:To undertake a baseline study comparing quality of life(QoL) in patients with chronic pancreatitis(CP) on Antox to those with CP,matched for disease duration,who were not on this medication.METHODS:CP was defined according to the Zurich classification.Sixty eight consecutive patients with CP who were taking Antox(antioxidants) were compared with 69 consecutive control CP patients not on Antox.European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core questions 30 and Pancreatic Modification(28 questions) were used to assess QoL.Out of a total of 137 patients 28 in each group were matched for disease duration(within 12 mo).Median disease duration was 8(1-22) years in the Antox group and 7(1-23) years in the Non-Antox cohort(P = NS,Mann-Whitney U-test).Other parameters(age,gender,etiology,endocrine and exocrine insufficiency) were similar between groups.RESULTS:Median visual analogue pain score in the Antox group was 3(0-8) compared with 6(0-8) in the Non-Antox group(P < 0.01).Perceptions of cognitive,emotional,social,physical and role function were impaired in the Non-Antox group compared to Antox patients(P < 0.0001,P = 0.0007,P = 0.0032 and P < 0.005 and P < 0.001,respectively).Analgesics and opiate usage was significantly lower in the Antox group(P < 0.01).Overall physical health and global QoL was better in the Antox group(P < 0.0001,95% CI:1.5-3).CONCLUSION:Contemporary quality of life assessments show that after correction for disease duration and cigarette smoking,patients with CP taking antox had better scores than non-antox controls. | Nehal S Shah Alistair J Makin Aali J Sheen Ajith K Siriwardena | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，32： | 4 |
| 13 | 长江口冲淤交替及变化趋势显示文摘The morphological changing trend of the Yangtze Estuary,the largest estuary of Asia,has become a focus of research in recent years.Based on a long series of topographic data from 1950 to 2015,this paper studied the erosion-deposition pattern of the entire Yangtze Estuary.An alternation between erosion and deposition was found during the past 65 years,which was in correspondence to the alternation between flood and dry periods identified by multi-year average duration days of high-level water flow(defined as discharge≥60,000 m 3/s,namely,D≥60,000)from the Yangtze River Basin.A quantitative relationship was further developed between the erosional/depositional rate of the Yangtze Estuary and the interpreting variables of yearly water discharge,D≥60,000 and yearly river sediment load,with contributing rates of 1%,59%and 40%,respectively.Mechanism behind the alternate erosion and deposition pattern was analyzed by examining residual water surface slope and the corresponding capacity of sediment transport in flood and dry periods.In flood periods,a larger discharge results in steeper slope of residual water level which permits a greater capacity of sediment transport.Therefore,more bed materials can be washed to the sea,leading to erosion of the estuary.In contrast,flatter slope of residual water level occurs in dry periods,and deposition dominates the estuarine area due to the decreased capacity of sediment transport and the increased backwater effect of flood-tide.Coastal dynamics and estuarine engineering projects alter the local morphological changes,but slightly affect the total erosional/depositional rate of the whole estuarine region.Heavy sedimentation within the Yangtze Estuary after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam can be attributed to the reduced occurrence frequency of flood years due to water regulation by the dam,and largely(at least 36%-52%)sourced from the sea.Deposition is still possible to occur in the Yangtze Estuary in the future,because the multi-year average D≥60,000 is unlikely to exceed the critical value of 14 days/yr which corresponds to the future equilibrium state of the Yangtze Estuary,under the water regulation of the large cascade dams in the upper Yangtze.Nevertheless,the mean depositional rate will not surpass the peak value of the past years,since the total sediment load entering the Yangtze Estuary has presented a decreasing trend. | 朱博渊 李义天 岳遥 杨云平 梁恩航 张春财 BORTHWICK Alistair G.L. | 2020 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2020，30，1： | 4 |
| 14 | Solving the mystery of vanishing rivers in China显示文摘A major controversy was sparked worldwide by a recent national water census claiming that the number of Chinese rivers with watersheds>100 km^2 was less than half the previous estimate of 50000 rivers,which also stimulates debates on the potential causes and consequences.Here,we estimated the number of rivers in terms of stream-segmentation characteristics described by Horton,Strahler and Shreve stream-order rules,as well as their mixed mode for named rivers recorded in the Encyclopedia of Rivers and Lakes in China.As a result,the number of‘vanishing rivers’has been found to be highly relevant to statistical specifications in addition to the erroneous inclusion of pseudo-rivers primarily generated in arid or frost-thaw areas.The modified Horton stream-order scheme reasonably depicts the configuration of complete natural streams from headwater to destination,while the Strahler largely projects the fragmentation of the named river networks associated with human aggregation to the hierarchical river systems. | Yichu Wang Jinren Ni Yao Yue Jiaye Li Alistair GLBorthwick Ximing Cai An Xue Li Li Guangqian Wang | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，6： | 4 |
| 15 | One stop shop:backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera:Ⅰ(2014)显示文摘Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and forestry.They are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/density.Morphological identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi,while important,is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these fungi.Molecular(DNA sequence)data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies,although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical methods.To facilitate current and future research,this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mucormycotina(Fungi),and Oomycota,using recent molecular data,up-to-date names,and the latest taxonomic insights.Lineagespecific laboratory protocols together with advice on their application,as well as general observations,are also provided.We hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data emerge.Researchers of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future effort.Bipolaris,Botryosphaeriaceae,Botryosphaeria,Botrytis,Choanephora,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Dothiorella,Fusarium,Gilbertella,Lasiodiplodia,Mucor,Neofusicoccum,Pestalotiopsis,Phyllosticta,Phytophthora,Puccinia,Pyrenophora,Pythium,Rhizopus,Stagonosporopsis,Ustilago and Verticillium are dealt with in this paper. | Kevin D.Hyde R.Henrik Nilsson S.Aisyah Alias Hiran A.Ariyawansa Jaime E.Blair Lei Cai Arthur W.A.M.de Cock Asha J.Dissanayake Sally L.Glockling Ishani D.Goonasekara Michal Gorczak Matthias Hahn Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jan A.L.van Kan Matthew H.Laurence C.AndréLévesque Xinghong Li Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Dimuthu S.Manamgoda Frank N.Martin Eric H.C.McKenzie Alistair R.McTaggart Peter E.Mortimer Prakash V.R.Nair Julia Pawlowska Tara L.Rintoul Roger G.Shivas Christoffel F.J.Spies Brett A.Summerell Paul W.J.Taylor Razak B.Terhem Dhanushka Udayanga Niloofar Vaghefi Grit Walther Mateusz Wilk Marta Wrzosek Jian-Chu Xu JiYe Yan Nan Zhou | 2014 | Fungal Diversity2014，，4： | 3 |
| 16 | Three Gorges Dam: friend or foe of riverine greenhouse gases?显示文摘Dams are often regarded as greenhouse gas(GHG) emitters. However, our study indicated that the world’s largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam(TGD), has caused significant drops in annual average emissions of CO, CHand NO over 4300 km along the Yangtze River, accompanied by remarkable reductions in the annual export of CO(79%), CH(50%) and NO(9%) to the sea. Since the commencement of its operation in 2003, the TGD has altered the carbonate equilibrium in the reservoir area, enhanced methanogenesis in the upstream, and restrained methanogenesis and denitrification via modifying anoxic habitats through long-distance scouring in the downstream. These findings suggest that ‘large-dam effects’ are far beyond our previous understanding spatiotemporally, which highlights the fundamental importance of whole-system budgeting of GHGs under the profound impacts of huge dams. | Jinren Ni Haizhen Wang Tao Ma Rong Huang Philippe Ciais Zhe Li Yao Yue Jinfeng Chen Bin Li Yuchun Wang Maosheng Zheng Ting Wang Alistair G.L.Borthwick | 2022 | National Science Review2022，9，6： | 3 |
| 17 | Antagonism of miR-33 in mice promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regression of atherosclerosis显示文摘 | Rayner Katey J Sheedy Frederick J Esau Christine C Hussain Farah N Temel Ryan E Parathath Saj van Gils Janine M Rayner Alistair J Chang Aaron N Suarez Yajaira Fernandez-Hernando Carlos Fisher Edward A Moore Kathryn J | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，7： | 2 |
| 18 | 纵向通风隧道内火灾烟气流动的控制(英文)显示文摘讨论了纵向通风隧道火灾和相关烟气形成现象。利用计算机流体动力模型模拟烟气流动,获得可以与试验数据进行比较的预测结果。在Richardson数字基础上,采用了不同参考稳定值,结果发现,直接利用火灾热释放速率所获得的温度值会产生最有用的结果。试验结果与数值预测结果的比较发现,两者吻合较好。笔者验证了利用容积测定火源模拟火灾的情况。结果的准确性很大程度上取决于对墙和屋顶的热传递。 | STEPHANE GAILLOT ALISTAIR REVELL DOMINIQUE BLAY JEAN-PIERRE VANTELON PASCAL DEBERTEIX | 2006 | 消防科学与技术2006，25，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Predicts Long-Term Mortality and Re-Infarction in Consecutive Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Who Are Troponin-Negative显示文摘 | Karthik Viswanathan Niamh Kilcullen Christine Morrell Sue J. Thistlethwaite Mohan U. Sivananthan Tajek B. Hassan Julian H. Barth Alistair S. Hall | 2010 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2010，，23： | 2 |
| 20 | Diabetic Retinopathy显示文摘 | Thomas W Gardner David A Antonetti Alistair J Barber Kathryn F LaNoue Steven W Levison | 2002 | Survey of Ophthalmology2002，，： | 2 |
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