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| 1 | China's Belt and Road Initiative: Can Europe Expect Trade Gains?显示文摘 | Alicia Garcia Herrero Jianwei Xu | 2017 | China & World Economy2017，25，6： | 36 |
| 2 | Comparative review of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty显示文摘The aim of this review is to compare the effectiveness of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty to treat pain and improve functional outcome from ver-tebral fractures secondary to osteoporosis and tumor conditions. In 2009, two open randomized controlled trials published in the New England Journal of Medicine questioned the value of vertebroplasty in treating ver-tebral compression fractures. Nevertheless, the prac-tice of physicians treating these conditions has barely changed. The objective of this review is to try to clarify the most important issues, based on our own experi-ence and the reported evidence about both techniques, and to guide towards the most appropriate choice of treatment of vertebral fractures, although many ques-tions still remain unanswered. | Ferno Ruiz Santiago Alicia Santiago Chinchilla Luis Guzmán álvarez Antonio Luis Pérez Abela Maria del Mar Castellano García Miguel Pajares López | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，6： | 30 |
| 3 | 学习进阶:描述学生思维发展的有效方式显示文摘1学习进阶是什么
近来,学习进阶受到了广泛关注,特别是围绕美国《下一代科学教育标准》的讨论令其格外引人注目.像其他一些新的概念一样,学习进阶从提出到有一个广泛和明确的内涵界定经历了较长的一段时间.因此,对于每一个关注学习进阶的研究者和实践者,清楚“学习进阶是什么”是首要也是最重要的问题.要回答这个问题,有多种方式,这里介绍两种. | Alicia C.Alonzo 翟小铭 | 2015 | 物理教师2015，36，11： | 29 |
| 4 | IDO1 in cancer: a Gemini of immune checkpoints显示文摘Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)is a rate-limiting metabolic enzyme that converts the essential amino acid tryptophan(Trp)into downstream catabolites known as kynurenines.Coincidently,numerous studies have demonstrated that IDO1 is highly expressed in multiple types of human cancer.Preclinical studies have further introduced an interesting paradox:while single-agent treatment with IDO1 enzyme inhibitor has a negligible effect on decreasing the established cancer burden,approaches combining select therapies with IDO1 blockade tend to yield a synergistic benefit against tumor growth and/or animal subject survival.Given the high expression of IDO1 among multiple cancer types along with the lack of monotherapeutic efficacy,these data suggest that there is a more complex mechanism of action than previously appreciated.Similar to the dual faces of the astrological Gemini,we highlight the multiple roles of IDO1 and review its canonical association with IDO1-dependent tryptophan metabolism,as well as documented evidence confirming the dispensability of enzyme activity for its immunosuppressive effects.The gene transcript levels for IDO1 highlight its strong association with T-cell infiltration,but the lack of a universal prognostic significance among all cancer subtypes.Finally,ongoing clinical trials are discussed with consideration of IDO1-targeting strategies that enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients。 | Lijie Zhai Erik Ladomersky Alicia Lenzen Brenda Nguyen Ricky Patel Kristen L Lauing Meijing Wu Derek A Wainwright | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，5： | 17 |
| 5 | Arabidopsis Squalene Epoxidase 3 (SQE3) Complements SQE1 and Is Important for Embryo Development and Bulk Squalene Epoxidase Activity显示文摘在 mevalonate 小径的 multigenic 家庭的存在为涉及植物甾醇的生合成的小径部件建议分叉的功能的角色。Squalene epoxidases (SQE ) 是这条小径的关键部件,并且 Squalene Epoxidase 1 (SQE1 ) 在这 biosynthetic 步作为基本的酶被识别了。在现在的工作,我们扩大了留下的 SQE 家庭成员的描述,种系发生地在真 SQE 和对 Brassicaceae 独占的象 SQE 一样蛋白质的一个亚科之间解决。真 SQE 家庭成员, Squalene Epoxidase 2 (SQE2 ) 和 Squalene Epoxidase 3 (SQE3 ) 的功能的描述,显示那 SQE3,然而并非 SQE2,在 Arabidopsis 贡献体积 SQE 活动,与积累 squalene 并且显示敏感到 terbinafine 的 sqe3-1 异种。我们遗传上证明 SQE3 似乎在胚胎开发起一个特别地重要的作用。另外, SQE1 和 SQE3 两个都在 endoplasmic 蜂窝胃本地化,并且 SQE3 能机能上地补充 SQE1。因此, SQE1 和 SQE3 似乎是在在 Arabidopsis 的工厂 SQE 活动的提升的二机能上地不相等的冗余的基因。 | Sara Laranjeira Vitor Amorim-Silva Alicia Esteban Monserrat Arro Albert Ferrer Rui Manuel Tavares Miguel Angel Botella Abel Rosado Herlander Azevedo | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，7： | 12 |
| 6 | 中国影子银行:是否对金融系统的稳定构成威胁显示文摘一、何为中国影子银行近期关于'民间借贷市场'风波的报道,诸如浙江省温州市的民间借贷危机事件,使得中国影子银行系统的脆弱性令人忧虑。随着影子银行的借贷规模在过去两年的迅速扩张,这种担忧是无可厚非的。我们估计目前影子银行系统借贷约占中国信贷总额的22%左右(相当于金融机构贷款余额总量的29%左右)。因此,考虑到其规模。 | Alicia Garcia Herrero Stephen Schwarts Le Xia George Xu | 2012 | 金融发展评论2012，，1： | 11 |
| 7 | Epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine with or without panitumumab for patients with previously untreated advanced oesophagogastric cancer (REAL3): a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Tom Waddell Ian Chau David Cunningham David Gonzalez Alicia Frances Clare Okines Andrew Wotherspoon Claire Saffery Gary Middleton Jonathan Wadsley David Ferry Wasat Mansoor Tom Crosby Fareeda Coxon David Smith Justin Waters Timothy Iveson Stephen Falk Sar | 2013 | Lancet Oncology2013，，6： | 10 |
| 8 | Epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review显示文摘AIM To assess the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs) in children and adolescents. METHODS P ub Me d, E MB AS E, and S c o pus dat abas e s w e r e searched for original articles from inception to September 2016. The literature search was made in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) recommendations. For inclusion, each study had to report epidemiological data on FGIDs in children between 4 and 18 years old and contain standardized outcome based on Rome Ⅱ, Ⅲ or Ⅳ criteria. The overall quality of included epidemiological studies was evaluated in accordance with Loney's proposal for prevalence studies of health literature. Two reviewers assessed each study for data inclusion and extraction. Discrepancies were reconciled through discussion with seniors.RESULTS A total of 659 articles were identified from the databases and 16 through manual search. A total of 43 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria for fulltext reading, with 26 remaining to be included in the final analysis. All studies were written in English and published between 2005 and 2016. Eight(30.8%) articles were performed in North America, five(19.2%) in Latin America, five(19.2%) in Europe, seven(27%) in Asia, and one(3.8%) in Africa. Sample size varied between 114 and 99416 subjects, totaling 132600 individuals. Fourteen(53.9%) studies recruited their target samples from schools, 11(42.3%) from healthcare settings and the remaining one(3.8%) from onlinepanel community. The overall FGID prevalence rates for student samples ranged from 9.9% to 29% to as high as 87% in clinical samples. Cyclic vomiting, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation were the most researched conditions, with a prevalence ranging from 0.2% to 6.2%, 0% to 45.1% and 0.5% to 86.9%, respectively. The qualitative appraisal revealed that most of the studies showed average or below average generalizability.CONCLUSION The heterogeneity of the studies on FGIDs must be improved in order to allow comparison. Improvements should include appropriate sampling of representative population, comparable study setting, and consistent data collection. | Alexandre Canon Boronat Ana Paula Ferreira-Maia Alicia Matijasevich Yuan-Pang Wang | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，21： | 10 |
| 9 | From leaf to whole-plant water use efficiency(WUE)in complex canopies:Limitations of leaf WUE as a selection target显示文摘Plant water use efficiency(WUE) is becoming a key issue in semiarid areas, where crop production relies on the use of large volumes of water. Improving WUE is necessary for securing environmental sustainability of food production in these areas. Given that climate change predictions include increases in temperature and drought in semiarid regions,improving crop WUE is mandatory for global food production. WUE is commonly measured at the leaf level, because portable equipment for measuring leaf gas exchange rates facilitates the simultaneous measurement of photosynthesis and transpiration. However,when those measurements are compared with daily integrals or whole-plant estimates of WUE, the two sometimes do not agree. Scaling up from single-leaf to whole-plant WUE was tested in grapevines in different experiments by comparison of daily integrals of instantaneous water use efficiency [ratio between CO2assimilation(AN) and transpiration(E); AN/E] with midday AN/E measurements, showing a low correlation, being worse with increasing water stress. We sought to evaluate the importance of spatial and temporal variation in carbon and water balances at the leaf and plant levels. The leaf position(governing average light interception) in the canopy showed a marked effect on instantaneous and daily integrals of leaf WUE. Night transpiration and respiration rates were also evaluated, as well as respiration contributions to total carbon balance. Two main components were identified as filling the gap between leaf and whole plant WUE: the large effect of leaf position on daily carbon gain and water loss and the large flux of carbon losses by dark respiration. These results show that WUE evaluation among genotypes or treatments needs to be revised. | Hipólito Medrano Magdalena Tomás Sebastià Martorell aume Flexas Esther Hernández Joan Rosselló Alicia Pou José-Mariano Escalona Josefina Bota | 2015 | The Crop Journal2015，3，3： | 9 |
| 10 | Intravitreal dexamethasone implants for diabetic macular edema显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a dexamethasone(DEX) intravitreal implant for diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS: Totally 113 eyes of 84 patients were divided in three subgroups: naive patients(n=11), pseudophakic patients(n=72) and phakic patients(n=30). Inclusive criterion comprised adult diabetic patients with central fovea thickening and impaired visual acuity resulting from DME for whom previous standard treatments showed no improvement in both central macular thickness(CMT) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) after at least 3 mo of treatment. Outcome data were obtained from patient visits at baseline and at months 1, 3, 5, 9 and 12 after the first DEX implant injection. At each of these visits, patients underwent measurement of BCVA, a complete eye examination and measurement of CMT and macular volume(MV) carried out with optical coherence tomography(OCT) images. RESULTS: Seventy-three eyes(64.5%) received a single implant, 30(26.5%) received two implants and 10(9%) received three implants. At baseline, average in BCVA, CMT and MV were 43.5±20.8, 462.8±145 and 12.6±2.5 respectively. These values improved significantly at 1 mo(BCVA: 47.2±19.5, CMT: 339.6±120, MV: 11.11±1.4) and 3 mo(BCVA: 53.2±18.1, CMT: 353.8±141, MV: 11.3±1.3)(P≤0.05). At 5 mo(BCVA: 50.9±19.8, CMT: 425±150, MV: 12.27±2.3), 9 mo(BCVA: 48.4±17.6, CMT: 445.5±170, MV: 12.5±2.3) and 12 mo(BCVA: 47.7±18.8, CMT: 413.2±149, MV: 12.03±2.5), improvements in the three parameters were no longer statistically significant and decreased progressively but did not reach baseline values. There were no clinical differences between subgroups. Ocular complications were minimal.CONCLUSION: Patients with DEX implants show maximum efficacy at 3 mo which then declined progressively, but is still better than baseline values at the end of follow-up. | Alicia Pareja-Ríos Paloma Ruiz-de la Fuente-Rodríguez Sergio Bonaque-González Maribel López-Gálvez Virginia Lozano-López Pedro Romero-Aroca | 2018 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2018，11，1： | 8 |
| 11 | Adaptive immune response during hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection affects about 170 million people worldwide and it is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.HCV is a hepatotropic non-cytopathic virus able to persist in a great percentage of infected hosts due to its ability to escape from the immune control.Liver damage and disease progression during HCV infection are driven by both viral and host factors.Specifically,adaptive immune response carries out an essential task in controllingnon-cytopathic viruses because of its ability to recognize infected cells and to destroy them by cytopathic mechanisms and to eliminate the virus by non-cytolytic machinery.HCV is able to impair this response by several means such as developing escape mutations in neutralizing antibodies and in T cell receptor viral epitope recognition sites and inducing HCV-specific cytotoxic T cell anergy and deletion.To impair HCV-specific T cell reactivity,HCV affects effector T cell regulation by modulating T helper and Treg response and by impairing the balance between positive and negative co-stimulatory molecules and between pro-and antiapoptotic proteins.In this review,the role of adaptive immune response in controlling HCV infection and the HCV mechanisms to evade this response are reviewed. | Juan Ramon Larrubia Elia Moreno-Cubero Megha Uttam Lokhande Silvia Garcia-Garzon Alicia Lazaro Joaquin Miquel Cristian Perna Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，13： | 7 |
| 12 | The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Generates Cells with Properties of Stem Cells显示文摘 | Sendurai A. Mani Wenjun Guo Mai-Jing Liao Elinor Ng. Eaton Ayyakkannu Ayyanan Alicia Y. Zhou Mary Brooks Ferenc Reinhard Cheng Cheng Zhang Michail Shipitsin Lauren L. Campbell Kornelia Polyak Cathrin Brisken Jing Yang Robert A. Weinberg | 2008 | Cell2008，，4： | 7 |
| 13 | Second-line rescue triple therapy with levofloxacin after failure of non-bismuth quadruple “sequential” or “concomitant” treatment to eradicate H. pylori infection显示文摘 | Javier P. Gisbert Javier Molina-Infante Alicia C. Marin Gemma Vinagre Jesus Barrio Adrian Gerald McNicholl | 2013 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology2013，，6： | 6 |
| 14 | Determinants of the impact of blood pressure variability on neurological outcome after acute ischaemic stroke显示文摘Introduction: Increased blood pressure variability (BPV) is detrimental after acute ischaemic stroke, but the interaction between BPV and neuroimaging factors that directly influence stroke outcome has not been explored. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed inpatients from 2007 to 2014 with acute anterior circulation ischaemic stroke, CT perfusion and angiography at hospital admission, and a modified Rankin Scale (MRS) 30- 365 days after stroke onset. BPV indices included SD, coefficient of variation and successive variation of the systolic blood pressure between 0 and 120 hours after admission. Ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to MRS with predictor variables of BPV indices. Models were further stratified by CT perfusion volumetric measurements, proximal vessel occlusion and collateral score. Results: 110 patients met the inclusion criteria. The likelihood of a 1-point rise in the MRS increased with every 10 mm Hg increase in BPV (OR for the 3 BPV indices ranged from 2.27 to 5.54), which was more pronounced in patients with larger ischaemic core volumes (OR 8.37 to 18.0) and larger hypoperfused volumes (OR 6.02 to 15.4). This association also held true for patients with larger mismatch volume, proximal vessel occlusion and good collateral vessels. Conclusions: These results indicate that increased BPV is associated with worse neurological outcome after stroke, particularly in patients with a large lesion core volume, concurrent viable ischaemic penumbra, proximal vessel occlusion and good collaterals. This subset of patients, who are often not candidates for or fail acute stroke therapies such as intravenous tissue plasminogen activator or endovascular thrombectomy, may benefit from interventions aimed at reducing BPV. | Adam de Havenon Alicia Bennett Gregory J Stoddard Gordon Smith Lee Chung Steve O’Donnell J Scott McNally David Tirschwell Jennifer J Majersik | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Functions of Uni- and Multi-citations: Implications for Weighted Citation Analysis显示文摘Purpose:(1) To test basic assumptions underlying frequency-weighted citation analysis:(a) Uni-citations correspond to citations that are nonessential to the citing papers;(b) The influence of a cited paper on the citing paper increases with the frequency with which it is cited in the citing paper.(2) To explore the degree to which citation location may be used to help identify nonessential citations.Design/methodology/approach:Each of the in-text citations in all research articles published in Issue 1 of the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology(JASIST) 2016 was manually classified into one of these five categories:Applied,Contrastive,Supportive,Reviewed,and Perfunctory.The distributions of citations at different in-text frequencies and in different locations in the text by these functions were analyzed.Findings:Filtering out nonessential citations before assigning weight is important for frequency-weighted citation analysis.For this purpose,removing citations by location is more effective than re-citation analysis that simply removes uni-citations.Removing all citation occurrences in the Background and Literature Review sections and uni-citations in the Introduction section appears to provide a good balance between filtration and error rates.Research limitations:This case study suffers from the limitation of scalability and generalizability.We took careful measures to reduce the impact of other limitations of the data collection approach used.Relying on the researcher's judgment to attribute citation functions,this approach is unobtrusive but speculative,and can suffer from a low degree of confidence,thus creating reliability concerns.Practical implications:Weighted citation analysis promises to improve citation analysis for research evaluation,knowledge network analysis,knowledge representation,and information retrieval.The present study showed the importance of filtering out nonessential citations before assigning weight in a weighted citation analysis,which may be a significant step forward to realizing these promises.Originality/value:Weighted citation analysis has long been proposed as a theoretical solution to the problem of citation analysis that treats all citations equally,and has attracted increasing research interest in recent years.The present study showed,for the first time,the importance of filtering out nonessential citations in weighted citation analysis,pointing research in this area in a new direction. | Dangzhi Zhao Alicia Cappello Lucinda Johnston | 2017 | Journal of Data and Information Science2017，2，1： | 5 |
| 16 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 17 | Determinants of percutaneous coronary intervention success in repeat chronic total occlusion procedures following an initial failed attempt显示文摘AIM To investigate the rates and determinants of success of repeat percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) following an initial failed attempt at recanalising the chronic total occlusions(CTO) percutaneously.METHODS In 445 consecutive first attempt CTO-PCI procedures in our institution,procedural failure occurred in 149(33.5%). Sixty-four re-PCI procedures were performed in 58 patients(39%) all had a single CTO. Procedural and outcome data in the re-PCI population was entered into the institutional database. A retrospective analysis of clinical,angiographic and procedural data was performed. RESULTS Procedural success was achieved in 41(64%) procedures. Univariate analysis of clinical and angiographic characteristics showed that re-PCI success was associated with intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) guidance(19.5% vs 0%,P = 0.042),while failure was associated with severecalcification(30.4% vs 9.7%,P = 0.047) and a JCTO score > 3(56.5% vs 17.1% P = 0.003). Following multiple regression analysis the degree of lesion complexity(J-CTO score > 3),IVUS use,involvement of an experienced CTO operator and LAD CTO location were significant predictors of successful re-PCI. Overall the complication rate was low,with the only MACCE two periprocedural MI's neither of which required intervention. CONCLUSION Re-PCI substantially increases the overall success rate of CTO revascularization. Predictors of re-PCI success included the use of IVUS,the involvement of an experienced CTO operator in the repeat attempt and the location of the CTO. | Cecilia Cuevas Nicola Ryan Alicia Quirós Juan Gustavo Del Angel Nieves Gonzalo Pablo Salinas Pilar Jiménez-Quevedo Luis Nombela-Franco Ivan Nunez-Gil Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz Carlos Macaya Javier Escaned | 2017 | World Journal of Cardiology2017，9，4： | 5 |
| 18 | Forest Biodiversity Assessment in Peruvian Andean Montane Cloud Forest显示文摘Cloud forests are unusual and fragile habitats, being one of the least studied and least understood ecosystems. The tropical Andean dominion is considered one of the most significant places in the world as regards biological diversity, with a very high level of endemism. The biodiversity was analysed in an isolated remnant area of a tropical montane cloud forest known as the 'Bosque de Neblina de Cuyas', in the North of the Peruvian Andean range. Composition, structure and dead wood were measured or estimated. The values obtained were compared with other cloud forests. The study revealed a high level of forest biodiversity, although the level of biodiversity differs from one area to another: in the inner areas, where human pressure is almost inexistent, the biodiversity values increase. The high species richness and the low dominance among species bear testimony to this montane cloud forest as a real enclave of biodiversity. | Alicia Ledo Sonia Condés Iciar Alberdi | 2012 | Journal of Mountain Science2012，9，3： | 5 |
| 19 | Oleanolic acid:a promising neuroprotective agent for cerebral ischemia显示文摘Stroke is considered the most common and severely disabling neurological disease.It is one of the leading causes of death after heart disease and cancer,causing 10%deaths worldwide and involving risk factors such as smoking,obesity and nutritional disbalance.Disability affects 75%of stroke survivors through severe mental and/or physical impairment depending on the affected brain | Caltana Laura Nieto María Luisa Brusco Alicia | 2015 | Neural Regeneration Research2015，10，4： | 5 |
| 20 | Epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers: A systematic review显示文摘AIM: To assess the functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID) prevalence in infants and toddlers. METHODS: Pub Med, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched for original articles from inception to February 2016. The literature search was made in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA). For inclusion, each study had to report epidemiological data of FGID on children up to 4 years old and contain standardized outcome Rome Ⅱ or Ⅲ criteria. The overall quality of included epidemiological studies was evaluated in accordance to Loney's proposal for prevalence studies of health literature. Two reviewers assessed each study for inclusion and extracted data. Discrepancies were reconciled through discussion.RESULTS: It was identified a total of 101 articles through the databases and two through the manual search. A total of 28 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. After reading the full articles, 13 of them were included in the present review. Twelve studies were written in English and one in Chinese, and published between 2004 and 2015. Eight articles(61.5%) were performed in Europe, three(23.1%) in America and two(15.4%) in Asia. Sample size varied between 45 and 9660 subjects. Cross-sectional frequency was reported in majority of studies(k = 9) and four studies prospectively followed the subjects. 27.1% to 38% of participants have met any of Rome's criteria for gastrointestinal syndromes, of those 20.8% presented two or more FGID. Infant regurgitation and functional constipation were the most common FGID, ranging from less than 1% to 25.9% and less than 1% to 31%, respectively. Most included studies were of moderate to poor data quality with respect to absence of confidential interval for prevalence rate and inadequate sampling methods.CONCLUSION: The scarcity and heterogeneity of FGID data call for the necessity of well-designed epidemiological research in different levels of pediatric practice and refinement of diagnostic. | Ana Paula Ferreira-Maia Alicia Matijasevich Yuan-Pang Wang | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，28： | 5 |
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