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| 1 | Overlap syndromes among autoimmune liver diseases显示文摘The three major immune disorders of the liver are autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).Variant forms of these diseases are generally called overlap syndromes,although there has been no standardised definition.Patients with overlap syndromes present with both hepatitic and cholestatic serum liver tests and have histological features of AIH and PBC or PSC.The AIH-PBC overlap syndrome is the most common form,affecting almost 10% of adults with AIH or PBC.Single cases of AIH and autoimmune cholangitis(AMA-negative PBC) overlap syndrome have also been reported.The AIH-PSC overlap syndrome is predominantly found in children,adolescents and young adults with AIH or PSC.Interestingly,transitions from one autoimmune to another have also been reported in a minority of patients,especially transitions from PBC to AIH-PBC overlap syndrome.Overlap syndromes show a progressive course towards liver cirrhosis and liver failure without treatment.Therapy for overlap syndromes is empiric,since controlled trials are not available in these rare disorders.Anticholestatic therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid is usually combined with immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and/or azathioprine in both AIH-PBC and AIH-PSC overlap syndromes.In end-stage disease,liver transplantation is the treatment of choice. | Christian Rust Ulrich Beuers | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 41 |
| 2 | Performance of Transient Elastography for the Staging of Liver Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis显示文摘 | Mireen Friedrich–Rust Mei–Fang Ong Swantje Martens Christoph Sarrazin Joerg Bojunga Stefan Zeuzem Eva Herrmann | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，4： | 6 |
| 3 | CUSTOMER EQUITY: MAKING MARKETING STRATEGY FINANCIALLY ACCOUNTABLE显示文摘The article presents an overview of the literature on customer equity and how customer equity provides an opportunity for marketers to make marketing strategy financially accountable. Traditionally, Return on Investment (ROI) models have been used to evaluate the financial expenditures required by the strategies as well as the financial returns gained by them. However in addition to requiring lengthy longitudinal data, these models also have the disadvantage of not evaluating the effect of the strategies on a firm’s customer equity. The dominance of customer-centered thinking over product-centered thinking calls for a shift from product-based strategies to customer-based strategies. Hence, it is important to evaluate a firm’s marketing strategies in terms of the drivers of its customer equity. The article summarizes a unified strategic framework that enables competing marketing strategy options to be traded off on the basis of projected financial return, which is operationalized as the change in a firm’s customer equity relative to the incremental expenditure necessary to produce the change. | Ashwin ARAVINDAKSHAN Roland T. RUST Katherine N. LEMON Valerie A. ZEITHAML | 2004 | Systems Science and Systems Engineering2004，13，4： | 5 |
| 4 | Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility显示文摘 | L. Van Zwieten S. Kimber S. Morris K. Y. Chan A. Downie J. Rust S. Joseph A. Cowie | 2010 | Plant and Soil (-)2010，，1： | 5 |
| 5 | Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility显示文摘 | L. Van Zwieten S. Kimber S. Morris K. Y. Chan A. Downie J. Rust S. Joseph A. Cowie | 2010 | Plant and Soil2010，，1： | 4 |
| 6 | Role of interleukin-1 and its antagonism of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and liver fibrosis in the Abcb4^(-/-) mouse model显示文摘AIM: To study the interleukin-1(IL-1) pathway as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo using the ATP-binding cassette transporter b4^(-/-)(Abcb4^(-/-)) mouse model.METHODS: Female and male Abcb4^(-/-) mice from 6 to 13 mo of age were analysed for the degree of cholestasis(liver serum tests), extent of liver fibrosis(hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining) and tissue-specific activation of signalling pathways such as the IL-1 pathway [quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)]. For in vivo experiments, murine hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) were isolated via pronasecollagenase perfusion followed by density gradient centrifugation using female mice. Murine HSCs were stimulated with up to 1 ng/m L IL-1β with or without 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, respectively. The proliferation of murine HSCs was assessed via the Brd U assay. The toxicity of Anakinra was evaluated via the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDH) assay. In vivo 8-wk-old Abcb4^(-/-) mice with an already fully established hepatic phenotype were treated with Anakinra(1 mg/kg body-weight daily intraperitoneally) or vehicle and liver injury and liver fibrosis were evaluated via serum tests, q PCR, hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was less pronounced in males than in female Abcb4^(-/-) animals as defined by a lower hydroxyproline content(274 ± 64 μg/g vs 436 ± 80 μg/g liver, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; MannWhitney U-test) and lower m RNA expression of the profibrogenic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP)(1 ± 0.41 vs 0.66 ± 0.33 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Reduced liver fibrosis was associated with significantly lower levels of F4/80 m RNA expression(1 ± 0.28 vs 0.71 ± 0.41 fold, respectively; n = 12-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test) and significantly lower IL-1β m RNA expression levels(1 ± 0.38 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). No gender differences in the serum liver parameters [bilirubin; alanine aminotransferase(ALT); aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(AP)] were found. In vitro, the administration of IL-1β resulted in a significant increase in HSC proliferation [0.94 ± 0.72 arbitrary units(A.U.) in untreated controls, 1.12 ± 0.80 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L and 1.18 ± 0.73 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; analyses of variance(ANOVA)]. Proliferation was reduced significantly by the addition of 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra(0.81 ± 0.60 A.U. in untreated controls, 0.92 ± 0.68 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L, and 0.91 ± 0.69 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L; in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; ANOVA) suggesting an anti-proliferative effect of this clinically approved IL-1 receptor antagonist. The FDH assay showed this dose to be non-toxic in HSCs. In vivo, Anakinra had no effect on the hepatic hydroxyprolinecontent, liver serum tests(ALT and AP) and profibrotic(collagen 1α1, collagen 1α2, transforming growth factor-β, and TIMP-1) and anti-fibrotic [matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2), MMP9 and MMP13 ] gene expression after 4 wk of treatment. Furthermore, the hepatic IL-1β and F4/80 m RNA expression levels were unaffected by Anakinra treatment.CONCLUSION: IL-1β expression is associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in Abcb4^(-/-) mice and promotes HSC proliferation. IL-1 antagonism shows antifibrotic effects in vitro but not in Abcb4^(-/-) mice. | Florian P Reiter Ralf Wimmer Lena Wottke Renate Artmann Jutta M Nagel Manuel O Carranza Doris Mayr Christian Rust Peter Fickert Michael Trauner Alexander L Gerbes Simon Hohenester Gerald U Denk | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，8： | 3 |
| 7 | Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility显示文摘 | L. Van Zwieten S. Kimber S. Morris K. Y. Chan A. Downie J. Rust S. Joseph A. Cowie | 2010 | Plant and Soil (-)2010，，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound for the differentiation of benign and malignant focal liver lesions: a meta‐analysis显示文摘 | Mireen Friedrich‐Rust Tom Klopffleisch Julia Nierhoff Eva Herrmann Johannes Vermehren Maximilian D. Schneider Stefan Zeuzem Joerg Bojunga | 2013 | Liver Int2013，，5： | 3 |
| 9 | Feeding Biochar to Cows:An Innovative Solution for Improving Soil Fertility and Farm Productivity显示文摘Addition of biochar produced through thermal decomposition of biomass has been seen as a strategy to improve soils and to sequester carbon(C), but wide scale implementation of the technology requires to devise innovative profitable solutions. To develop biochar utilisation with an integrated system approach, an innovative program was implemented in 2012 on a 53-ha farm in Western Australia to determine the costs and benefits of integrating biochar with animal husbandry and improvement of pastures. Biochar was mixed with molasses and fed directly to cows. The dung-biochar mixture was incorporated into the soil profile by dung beetles.We studied the changes in soil properties over 3 years. Biochar extracted from fresh dung and from the soil to a depth of 40 cm was characterised. A preliminary financial analysis of the costs and benefits of this integrated approach was also undertaken. The preliminary investigation results suggested that this strategy was effective in improving soil properties and increasing returns to the farmer. It was also concluded that the biochar adsorbed nutrients from the cow's gut and from the dung. Dung beetles could transport this nutrient-rich biochar into the soil profile. There was little evidence that the recalcitrant component of the biochar was reduced through reactions inside the gut or on/in the soil. Further research is required to quantify the long-term impact of integrating biochar and dung beetles into the rearing of cows. | Stephen JOSEPH Doug POW Kathy DAWSON David R.G.MITCHELL Aditya RAWAL James HOOK Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Joshua RUST Scott DONNE Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Ellen GRABER Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Yun LIN PAN Genxing LI Lianqing Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN | 2015 | Pedosphere2015，25，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Overlap Syndromes显示文摘 | Ulrich Beuers Christian Rust | 2005 | Semin Liver Dis2005，，03： | 2 |
| 11 | 小麦叶锈菌生理分化研究中的问题和改进意见显示文摘Stakman建立的用鉴别寄主鉴定锈菌生理小种的方法对抗病育种曾起了很大的作用,然而实践证明还存在不少问题。(1)生物间遗传学指出,Stakman建立的方法。其观点偏重于锈菌分类,而忽视寄主和病原物的相互作用。所以所用的鉴别寄主仅注意其鉴别作用,可与生产毫无关系,可以鉴定出许多小种,而不知道它们与生产有关的品种有什么关系。(2)在自然间寄主和病原物是以群体对群体起相互作用的,而传统研究是研究个体与个体的关系。此外,小种内存在变异性,被鉴定为同一小种的不同菌株的毒性不一定相同,任意选择一个菌株来测定品种的抗病性未必有代表性,用这种方法测出的抗病品种推广出去就容易引起抗病性丧失问题。(3)在不同生态条件下形成的锈菌的群体毒性不一定相同,这种毒性不同的类群我们称为生态类群。过去的小麦品种抗病性测定工作多在局限的条件下用人工接种进行。把用这种方法测出的抗病品种推广到广大的锈菌群体中去,也容易引起抗病性丧失问题。我们赞成今后研究小麦锈病应有群体观点,用毒力频率,毒力组合,抗性组合等方法来研究小麦群体和锈病群体的关系。应有生态观点,用异地鉴定来监测锈菌毒性和品种抗性的变异。应有进化观点,以基因鉴定来代替小种鉴定,把寄主的病原物相互作用研究放在遗传学基础上。在利用已知基因作鉴别寄主方面,虽然抗原的抗性基因可与Lr近等基因系的相同,但由于表现型相同基因型不一定相同,所以这两种材料都得同时采用,不能互相代替。抗性基因鉴定是复杂的。一般认为阿芙乐尔会有Lr26基因。Bastos认为除Lr26外,还有Lr3。杨文香认为除Lr26和Lr3外,还有Lrl4a。又Bastos认为洛夫林13含有Lr26和Lr3,相文香认为只含有Lr24,检查不到Lr3。 | Wheat Leaf Rust Research Group, Hebei Agric. Univ. , Baoding, China | 1992 | 河北农业大学学报1992，15，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Comparison of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging with transient elastography for the detection of complications in patients with cirrhosis显示文摘 | AndreasPolta EvaHerrmann Wolf‐PeterHofmann ChristophSarrazin MireenFriedrich‐Rust | 2012 | Liver Int2012，，5： | 2 |
| 13 | Biochar improves diary pasture yields by alleviating P and K constraints with no influence on soil respiration or N2O emissions显示文摘Dairy pastures can be a major source of soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions due to the combination of intensive nitrogen(N)fertiliser use and high soil water content,from either rainfall and/or irrigation.Biochar application is a promising approach to lower soil greenhouse gas emissions,particularly under high soil moisture conditions where denitrification is the primary N-transformation pathway.In a replicated field trial,we evaluated the effects of two contrasting biochars derived from poul-try litter and from hardwood on soil N_(2)O emissions,soil ammonium(NH4^(+))and nitrate(NO3^(−))status,pasture productivity and herbage nutrient content.A liming treatment to mimic the liming equivalence of the poultry litter biochar was used to separate any effects observed from changes in soil pH.To further separate the effects of biochars on soil N status,N_(2)O emissions and pasture N uptake,high and low N fertiliser doses(annual application of 672 kg N ha^(−1),336 kg N ha^(−1))were superimposed across all of the treatments.The N fertiliser dose had no significant impact on pasture yield.Application of poultry litter biochar resulted in significant increases in pasture productivity under both high and low N inputs.This was achieved by alleviating soil P,and possibly K nutritional constraints that are typical in Australian Ferralsols.Under the high N fertiliser dose,emissions of N_(2)O from the treatments and control were not significantly different(p>0.05)and ranged between 1.14 and 1.78 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1)across the 11-month study.The low N dose resulted in significantly lower emissions of N_(2)O of between 0.80 and 0.84 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1),but biochar had no significant effect on net emissions across the season.The lack of impact of biochar on N_(2)O emissions was attributed to the relatively dry conditions over the trial period resulting in nitrification being the most likely N-transformation pathway.During brief episodes of high soil moisture,peak emissions from the biochar plots were lower than from the control or lime treatment,but these differences did not impact on the emis-sion budget over the 11-month sampling campaign. | Lukas van Zwieten Stephen Kimber Stephen Morris Lynne M.Macdonald Josh Rust Scott Petty Stephen Joseph Terry Rose | 2019 | Biochar2019，1，1： | 2 |
| 14 | From the Editor: The Maturation of Marketing as an Academic Discipline 显示文摘 | Rust Roland T | 2006 | Journal of Marketing2006，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Hypoxia activates Akt and induces phosphorylation of GSK -3 in PC12 cells显示文摘 | Beitner- Johnson D Rust RT Hsieh TC | 2001 | Cell Signal2001，13，： | 1 |
| 16 | Metal ion-free radical reactions: coupling of free radicals 显示文摘 | Kochi J K Rust F F | 1961 | J Am Chem Soc1961，83，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Care of patients with stomas:the pouch change procedure显示文摘 | Rust J | 2007 | Nuts Stand2007，22，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Gene expression analysis of dendritic/ Langerhans cell and Langerhans cell histiocytosis 显示文摘 | Rust R Kluiver J Visser L | 2006 | Pathol2006，209，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Temperature - mediated sex pheromone production and response of the American cockroach 显示文摘 | Appel AG Rust MK | 1983 | Journal of Insect Physiology1983，29，： | 1 |
| 20 | A new method for force-feeding larval fish显示文摘 | Rust M Hardy R W Stickney R R | 1993 | Aquaculture1993，116，： | 1 |
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