|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 2 | Expression of the B7 - related molecule B7 - H1 by glioma cells: a potential mechanism of immune paralysis显示文摘Human glioblastoma is a highly lethal tumor that is known for its immune inhibitory capabilities.B7-homologue l(B7-H 1),a recently identified homologue of B7.1/2(CD80/86),has been described to exert costimulatoryand immune regulatory functions.We investigated the expression and the functional activity of B7-H 1 in humanglioma cells in vitro and in vivo.Although lacking B7.1/2(CD80/86),all 12 glioma cel1 1ines constitutivelyexpressed B7-H1 mRNA and protein.Exposure to IFN-gamma strongly enhanced B7-H 1 expression.Im- | Wintterle S Schreiner B Mitsdoerffer M Schneider D Chen Meyermann R Weller M Wiendl H | 2003 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2003，1，4： | 37 |
| 3 | 下扬子中三叠世—中侏罗世沉积相与印支运动显示文摘下扬子地区三叠纪—中侏罗世经历了重大的构造运动——印支运动。在这个过程中三叠纪一中侏罗世的沉积环境发生了沧海桑田的巨变,其沉积相有规律的演化记录了该区构造运动(褶皱作用)的精细发育过程。同时,也确定了现存的下扬子盆地为次级盆地残体,原主盆地中心和其北部已消失在华北与扬子板块俯冲-碰撞造山带之下。下扬子印支运动正是碰撞造山作用的反映,实为一个渐进递变的收缩过程,并无主次幕之分。 | 董树文 方景爽 李勇 朱洪吉 W. Schneider H. Breitkreuz F. Mattern | 1994 | 地质论评1994，40，2： | 33 |
| 4 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 5 | Effects of Saccharomycesboulardiion fecal short-chain fatty acids and microflora in patients on long-term total enteral nutrition显示文摘AIM: To assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients on long-term TEN.METHODS: Ten patients (3 females, 7 males, 59±5.5 years),on TEN for a median of 13 mo (1-125), and 15 healthy volunteers (4 females, 11 males, 32±2.0 years) received Sb (0.5 g bid PO) for 6 d. Two stool samples were taken before, on the last 2 d and 9-10 d after treatment, for SCFA measurement and for culture and bacterial identification.Values (mean±SE) were compared using sign tests and ANOVA.RESULTS: Fecal butyrate levels were lower in patients(10.1±2.9 mmol/kg) than in controls (19.2±3.9, P= 0.02).Treatment with Sb increased total fecal SCFA levels in patients (150.2±27.2 vs 107.5±18.2 mmol/kg, P = 0.02)but not in controls (129.0±28.6 vs 113.0±15.2 mmol/kg,NS). At the end of treatment with Sb, patients had higher fecal butyrate (16.0±4.4 vs 10.1 [2.9] mmol/kg, P = 0.004).Total SCFAs remained high 9 d after treatment was discontinued. Before the treatment, the anaerobe to aerobe ratio was lower in patients compared to controls (2.4±2.3 vs69.8±1.8, P = 0.003). There were no significant changes in the fecal flora of TEN patients.CONCLUSION: Sb-induced increase of fecal SCFA concentrations (especially butyrate) may explain the preventive effects of this yeast on TEN-induced diarrhea. | Stéphane M Schneider Fernand Girard-Pipau Jér(o|^)me Filippi Xavier Hébuterne Dominique Moyse Gustavo Calle Hinojosa Anne Pompei Patrick Rampal | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，39： | 26 |
| 6 | FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations显示文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle. | Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes | 2020 | Data Intelligence2020，2，1： | 26 |
| 7 | Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with hilar cholangiocarinoma. METHODS: Ninety-six consecutive patients underwent treatment for malignant hilar bile duct tumors during 1995–2005. Of the 96 patients, 20 were initially treated with surgery (n = 2 R0 / n = 18 R1). In non-operated patients, data analysis was performed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 96 patients, 76 were treated with endoscopic transpapillary (ERC, n = 45) and/or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD, n = 31). The mean survival time of these 76 patients undergoing palliative endoscopic and/or percutaneous drainage was 359 ± 296 d. The mean survival time of patients with initial bilirubin levels > 10 mg/dL was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than patients with bilirubin levels < 10 mg/dL. The mean survival time of patients with Bismuth stage Ⅱ (n = 8), Ⅲ (n = 28) and Ⅳ (n = 40) was 496 ± 300 d, 441 ± 385 d and 274 ± 218 d, respectively. Thus, patients with advanced Bismuth stage showed a reduced mean survival time, but the difference was not significant. The type of biliary drainage had no significant beneficial effect on the mean survival time (ERC vs PTBD, P = 0.806). CONCLUSION: Initial bilirubin level is a significant prognostic factor for survival of patients. In contrast, age, tumor stage according to the Bismuth-Corlette classification, and types of intervention are not significant prognostic parameters for survival. Palliative treatment with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage is still suboptimal, new diagnostic and therapeutic tools need to be evaluated. | Andreas Weber Sonja Landrock Jochen Schneider Manfred Stangl Bruno Neu Peter Born Meinhard Classen Thomas Rsch Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，9： | 23 |
| 8 | 北五味子化学成分研究显示文摘目的对北五味子进行进一步化学研究。方法采用色谱和光谱法分离鉴定北五味子的化学成分。结果分离得到四个化合物,分别鉴定为甘五酸(ganwuwe izic ac id,Ⅰ),富马酸单乙酯(mono-ethyl fum arate,Ⅱ),二十四烷酸(tetracosanoicac id,Ⅲ),内消旋二氢愈疮木酸(m eso-d ihydroguaiaretic ac id,Ⅳ)。结论Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ均为首次从该植物中分离得到,Ⅳ的13CNMR数据为首次报道。 | 王丽薇 周长新 Bernd Schneider 赵昱 | 2006 | 中国现代应用药学2006，23，5： | 21 |
| 9 | 肝细胞特异性NRF2激活可改善脂肪性肝炎的纤维化和癌变显示文摘慢性肝病中的炎症诱导氧化应激,因此可能导致肝损伤、纤维化和癌变的进展。KEAP1/NRF2轴是细胞氧化还原平衡的主要调节器。该研究探讨了KEAP1/NRF2系统是否参与了人类和小鼠肝病的进展。 | MOHS A OTTO T SCHNEIDER KM 李丽 华瑞 | 2021 | 临床肝胆病杂志2021，37，3： | 19 |
| 10 | 生殖器人类乳头瘤病毒感染的发病机理显示文摘人类乳头瘤病毒可引起临床、亚临床和潜伏性感染。人类乳头瘤病毒感染组织转化为上皮内或侵袭性肿瘤过程中,除病毒本身外,还必需有其它辅助因素参与。引起感染的危险因素包括多性伴、过早性交、过早首次分娩及免疫状态的抑制或改变。亚临床和潜伏性感染广泛存在,其感染率因所用检测技术的敏感性、被检人群的年龄和性活跃状态,以及受试者接受检查的次数而有所不同。抗人类乳头瘤病毒16E_7蛋白抗体与宫颈癌有密切关系。在生殖器人类乳头瘤病毒感染的自发消退过程中,细胞免疫的作用比体液免疫更为重要。 | Schneider A 刘跃华 | 1994 | 国外医学(皮肤性病学分册)1994，20，4： | 19 |
| 11 | 医学人文学的历史与现状显示文摘追溯了美国医学人文学发展的历史原因,分析了医学人文学先驱们的思想,回顾了医学人文学各子学科发展的历史,认为医学人文学有如此发展是历史的必然。同时美国宾州州立大学和印第安纳大学为例,介绍了医学人文学的教育模式。 | William H. Schneider 郭莉萍 | 2009 | 医学与哲学(A)2009，30，1： | 18 |
| 12 | Acupuncture treatment in gastrointestinal diseases: A systematic review显示文摘The purpose of this work was to assess the evidence for effectiveness of acupuncture (AC) treatment in gastrointestinal diseases. A systematic review of the Medline-cited literature for clinical trials was performed up to May 2006. Controlled trials assessing acupuncture point stimulation for patients with gastrointestinal diseases were considered for inclusion. The search identified 18 relevant trials meeting the inclusion criteria. Two irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) trials, 1 Crohn's disease and 1 colitis ulcerosa trial had a robust random controlled trial (RCT) design. In regard to other gastrointestinal disorders, study quality was poor. In all trials, quality of life (QoL) improved significantly independently from the kind of acupuncture, real or sham. Real AC was significantly superior to sham acupuncture with regard to disease activity scores in the Crohn and Colitis trials. Effi cacy of acupuncture related to QoL in IBS may be explained by unspecific effects. This is the same for QoL in in? ammatory bowel diseases (IBD), whereas specific acupuncture effects may be found in clinical scores. Further trials for IBDs and in particular for all other gastrointestinal disorders would be necessary to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture treatment. However, it must be discussed on what terms patients benefi t when this harmless and obviously powerful therapy with regard to QoL is demystifi ed by further placebo controlled trials. | Antonius Schneider Konrad Streitberger Stefanie Joos | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，25： | 18 |
| 13 | 西藏班公湖—怒江缝合带白垩系沉积特征及其构造意义显示文摘班公湖—怒江位于西藏中部 ,西起班公湖日土 (33.5°N ,79°E) ,向东经由措勤、尼玛、那曲至东部怒江带 ,走向近东西、其中部大致平行于北纬 32°线 ,延长大于 15 0 0km。该带蛇绿岩发育 ,是中生代板块缝合线 ,是南部拉萨地块与北部羌塘地块的分界线。其中段班戈地区白垩系地层发育 ,包括下白垩统底部川巴组 (K1c)、多巴组 (K1d)、郎山组 (K1l)和上白垩统江巴组 (K2 j)。川巴组为浅海相黑色页岩、泥岩、粉砂岩、砂岩、煤层和火山岩 ;多巴组为含有海侵夹层的陆相碎屑岩建造 ,海侵层为含园笠虫 (Orbitolinasp .)钙质砂岩 ;郎山组为浅海相—泻湖相台地型碳酸盐岩沉积 ;江巴组以陆相、厚层块状的砂砾岩红层为特征。本区白垩系层序的总体特征 ,是以海相火山岩—细碎屑岩为先导、经海陆过渡相碎屑岩和海相碳酸盐岩到陆相红层 ,形成于与B型俯冲作用有关的活动大陆边缘构造背景. | 王璞珺 Frank Mattern Werner Schneider 刘万洙 田纹全 李才 | 2003 | 世界地质2003，22，2： | 18 |
| 14 | Endoscopic transpapillary brush cytology and forceps biopsy in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity of brush cytology and forceps biopsy in a homogeneous patient group with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS: Brush cytology and forceps biopsy were routinely performed in patients with suspected malignant biliary strictures. Fifty-eight consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) including forceps biopsy and brush cytology in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 1995-2005.RESULTS: Positive results for malignancy were obtained in 24/58 patients (41.4%) by brush cytology and in 31/58 patients (53.4%) by forceps biopsy. The combination of both techniques brush cytology and forceps biopsy resulted only in a minor increase in diagnostic sensitivity to 60.3% (35/58 patients). In 20/58 patients (34.5%), diagnosis were obtained by both positive cytology and positive histology, in 11/58 (19%) by positive histology (negative cytology) and only 4/58 patients (6.9%) were confirmed by positive cytology (negative histology).CONCLUSION: Brush cytology and forceps biopsy have only limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant hilar tumors. In our eyes, additional diagnostic techniques should be evaluated and should become routine in patients with negative cytological and histological findings. | Andreas Weber Claus von Weyhern Falko Fend Jochen Schneider Bruno Neu Alexander Meining Hans Weidenbach Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 17 |
| 15 | 落羽杉与池杉幼苗对多种胁迫环境的响应及其对三峡库区库岸防护林营建的启示(英文)显示文摘落羽杉与池杉适应和耐受水淹环境已被广泛认可,然而干旱、盐碱、污染与病虫害将很容易影响3年生以下幼苗的生长与发育。在三峡库区库岸带多种胁迫环境条件下,选择3年生或者更大更健壮的落羽杉与池杉营造库岸林较为理想。3年生或者更大更健壮的落羽杉与池杉与年龄偏小的幼苗相比抵抗多种逆境胁迫的能力会更强。在三峡库区盐碱地环境条件下,选择落羽杉与墨西哥落羽杉杂交种中山杉302,以及池杉与墨西哥落羽杉杂交种中山杉401作为造林树种较为适宜。总体来讲,落羽杉与池杉是三峡库区库岸造林的优良候选树种。然而,大量开展落羽杉与池杉对深淹胁迫、多种胁迫因子叠加条件下的生理生态响应研究仍然是必需的。 | 李昌晓 耿养会 叶兵 Schneider Rebcca | 2010 | 林业科学2010，46，10： | 17 |
| 16 | 形成性评价(Formative Assessment)的本质及其对教与学的影响显示文摘长期以来,很多学者一直倡导指导教学的评价,即通过评估学生需求和监测其学习进展,适当地设计学习顺序,调整教学策略,改良学习计划,以便有效地促进学习目标的完成。本研究调查了形成性评价在美国中学科学课中的实施情况,并分析其对学生学习进步的影响。研究表明,教师都在努力使用形成性评价来指导教学,而学生取得的成绩各不相同。 | Joan L.Herman Ellen Osmundson Carlos Ayala Stephen Schneider Mike Timms 杜承达 | 2010 | 考试研究2010，6，1： | 12 |
| 17 | 山东省沂源县西部地区恙虫病东方体、地方性斑疹伤寒和斑点热立克次体血清流行病学的初步研究显示文摘目的了解近年山东省沂源县西部地区农村人口恙虫病东方体、地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体和斑点热立克次体的感染情况,为自然疫源性疾病的预防和控制提供依据。方法 2011年从山东省沂源县西部乡镇的农村人口中随机收集192份血清,采用间接免疫荧光法检测血清中恙虫病东方体、地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体和斑点热立克次体抗体。结果恙虫病东方体、地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体和斑点热立克次体抗体血清阳性率分别为56.77%(109/192)、79.69%(153/192)和69.79%(134/192)。结论山东省沂源县西部农村人口中恙虫病东方体、地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体和斑点热立克次体的感染率较高。 | 迟媛媛 翟慎勇 温红玲 崔峰 王玲 杜俊 王谦 张寿锋 Kandace Schneider 徐文斌 赵丽 于学杰 | 2013 | 山东大学学报(医学版)2013，51，10： | 12 |
| 18 | 陆相盆地中的海侵层序特征:中欧盆地三叠系与松辽盆地白垩系对比研究显示文摘中欧盆地三叠系是典型的海陆过渡相沉积 ,松辽盆地白垩系是含有海侵事件记录的陆相河湖盆地。两盆地的共同特点是 :1大陆克拉通上长期发育的大型坳陷盆地 ;2靠近古大洋和 (或 )有向海通道 ;3主要由互层状泥岩、粉砂岩、碳酸盐岩和膏盐层组成 ;4无典型海相化石 ,可能发育有半咸水和 (或 )高盐度生物 ;5海侵层中自生矿物的 δ34 S,δ1 3C,δ1 8O同位素比值及介质盐度指数 (Sr/Ba)、碱度指数 (Ca+Mg) /(Si+Al)、还原性指标 (Zn+Ni) /Ga、硫沉积通量指数 (归一化硫含量 )等显著高于相邻层位背景值。 | 王璞珺 Schneider Werner Mattern Frank 边伟华 | 2002 | 矿物岩石2002，22，2： | 11 |
| 19 | Deep-learning based denoising and reconstruction of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy images显示文摘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM) provides an up to twofold enhanced spatial resolution of fluorescently labeled samples. The reconstruction of high-quality SR-SIM images critically depends on patterned illumination with high modulation contrast. Noisy raw image data(e.g., as a result of low excitation power or low exposure time), result in reconstruction artifacts. Here, we demonstrate deep-learning based SR-SIM image denoising that results in high-quality reconstructed images. A residual encoding–decoding convolutional neural network(RED-Net) was used to successfully denoise computationally reconstructed noisy SR-SIM images.We also demonstrate the end-to-end deep-learning based denoising and reconstruction of raw SIM images into high-resolution SR-SIM images. Both image reconstruction methods prove to be very robust against image reconstruction artifacts and generalize very well across various noise levels. The combination of computational image reconstruction and subsequent denoising via RED-Net shows very robust performance during inference after training even if the microscope settings change. | ZAFRAN HUSSAIN SHAH MARCEL MÜLLER TUNG-CHENG WANG PHILIP MAURICE SCHEIDIG AXEL SCHNEIDER MARK SCHÜTTPELZ THOMAS HUSER WOLFRAM SCHENCK | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，5： | 11 |
| 20 | The Sandfish's Skin:Morphology,Chemistry and Reconstruction显示文摘The sandfish is a lizard having the remarkable ability to move in desert sand in a swimming-like fashion. The most out-standing adaptations to this mode of life are the low friction behaviour and the extensive abrasion resistance of the sandfish skin against sand, outperforming even steel. We investigated the topography, the composition and the mechanical properties of sandfish scales. These consist of glycosylated keratins with high amount of sulphur but no hard inorganic material, such as silicates or lime. Remarkably, atomic force microscopy shows an almost complete absence of attractive forces between the scale surface and a silicon tip, suggesting that this is responsible for the unusual tribological properties. The unusual glycosylation of the keratins was found to be absolutely necessary for the described phenomenon. The scales were dissolved and reconstituted on a polymer surface resulting in properties similar to the original scale. Thus, we provide a pathway towards exploitation of the reconstituted scale material for future engineering applications. | Werner Baumgartner Friederike Saxe Agnes Weth David Hajas Darwin Sigumonrong Jens Emmerlich Martin Singheiser Wolfgang Bhme Jochen M. Schneider | 2007 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2007，4，1： | 10 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员