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| 1 | Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in anorectal disease显示文摘Imaging of both benign and malignant anorectal diseases has traditionally posed a challenge to clinicians, and as a result history and physical exam have been relied on heavily. CT scanning and endorectal ultrasound have become popular in assessment of anatomy and staging of tumors, but have limitations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the capability to fill in the gaps left open by more conventional imaging modalities and continues to be promising as the definitive imaging technique in the pelvis, especially with advancement of emerging technologies in this field. A comprehensive review of this topic has been undertaken. Anorectal disease is divided into three broad categories: cancer, fistula/abscess, and pelvic floor disorders. A review of the literature is performed to evaluate the use of MRI and other imaging modalities in these three areas. Preoperative imaging is useful in the evaluation of all three areas of anorectal disease. MRI is an effective tool in delineating anatomy and, when correlating with the specific clinical scenario, is an effective adjunct in clinical decision-making in order to optimize outcome. MRI continues to be a promising and novel approach to imaging various afflictions of the anorectum and the pelvic floor. Its role is more well-established in some areas than in others, and there are still signif icant limitations. As technology advances, MRI will shed more light on a complex anatomical area. | Loren Berman Gary M Israel Shirley M McCarthy Jeffrey C Weinreb Walter E Longo | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，23： | 11 |
| 2 | Ovarian cancer stem cells: Can targeted therapy lead to improved progression-free survival?显示文摘Despite significant effort and research funds, epithelial ovarian cancer remains a very deadly disease. There are no effective screening methods that discover early stage disease; the majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Treatment modalities consist primarily of radical debulking surgery followed by taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy. Newer therapies including limited targeted agents and intraperitoneal delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs have improved disease-free intervals, but failed to yield longlasting cures in most patients. Chemotherapeutic resistance, particularly in the recurrent setting, plagues the disease. Targeting the pathways and mechanisms behind the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer could lead to significant improvement in patient outcomes. In many malignancies, including blood and other solid tumors, there is a subgroup of tumor cells, separate from the bulk population, called cancer stem cells(CSCs). These CSCs are thought to be the cause of metastasis, recurrence and resistance. However, todate, ovarian CSCs have been difficult to identify, isolate, and target. It is felt by many investigators that finding a putative ovarian CSC and a chemotherapeutic agent to target it could be the key to a cure for this deadly disease. This review will focus on recent advances in this arena and discuss some of the controversies surrounding the concept. | Christen L Walters Haygood Rebecca C Arend J Michael Straughn Donald J Buchsbaum | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，4： | 7 |
| 3 | 全科医务人员和社区卫生人员对身体虚弱的老年人提供营养支持的看法:一项定性研究显示文摘背景营养不良可导致发病率和死亡率增加。营养不良在身体虚弱的老年人群中很常见,但是很少有研究涉及如何在基层医疗机构中管理体质量减少的身体虚弱的老年人群。目的调查全科医务人员和社区卫生人员对如何管理身体虚弱营养不良的老年人的看法和做法,以探索对此群体可能的有效干预以及提供这些干预前需要对相关人员进行哪些培训和支持。设计与场所本项定性研究在全科医疗机构和社区医疗机构中开展。方法分别对来自英国伦敦和赫特福德郡的全科医务人员、社区多学科虚弱诊疗人员和社区营养师(共60例)进行7个焦点小组访谈和1个附加访谈。对访谈结果进行主题分析。结果访谈对象认为管理虚弱老年人群的营养不良干预需要从多方面着手,并一致同意目前社区营养不良干预服务还不能满足患者的需求。然而对于职业责任制的看法却有分歧。全科医务人员提出,如果由其负责的话,通常的困难为工作量太大以及缺乏营养干预培训。社区多学科虚弱诊疗人员和社区营养师认为,最好是在基层医疗机构中向虚弱老年人群提供干预以解决营养不良问题,而且建议提供机会性筛查干预。对于虚弱或者被社会孤立的老年人来说,不管提供任何干预,健康教育都是必要的组成部分,同时辅以社会、情感和/或实际支持。结论未来对身体虚弱营养不良的老年人提供的营养支持方案应涉及多方面,比如应包含针对性的健康教育,同时,照护者和医疗卫生人员的支持服务也是必不可少的组成部分。 | AVGERINOU C BHANU C WALTERS K 本刊编辑部(整理) | 2020 | 中国全科医学2020，23，12： | 5 |
| 4 | Object-oriented protocol hierarchies for distributed workflow systems显示文摘 | Lockemann P C Walter H D | 1995 | Theory and Practice of Object Systems1995，1，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Chronic antiepileptic drug use and functional network efficiency: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘AIM To increase our insight in the neuronal mechanisms underlying cognitive side-effects of antiepileptic drug(AED) treatment.METHODS The relation between functional magnetic resonance-acquired brain network measures, AED use, and cognitive function was investigated. Three groups of patients with epilepsy with a different risk profile for developing cognitive side effects were included: A 'low risk' category(lamotrigine or levetiracetam, n=16), an 'intermediate risk' category(carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, or valproate, n=34) and a 'high risk' category(topiramate, n=5). Brain connectivity was assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical network analysis. The Computerized Visual Searching Task was used to measure central information processing speed, a common cognitive side effect of AED treatment. RESULTS Central information processing speed was lower in patients taking AEDs from the intermediate and high risk categories, compared with patients from the low risk category. The effect of risk category on global efficiency was significant(P < 0.05, ANCOVA), with a significantly higher global efficiency for patient from the low category compared with the high risk category(P < 0.05, post-hoc test). Risk category had no significant effect on the clustering coefficient(ANCOVA, P > 0.2). Also no significant associations between information processing speed and global efficiency or the clustering coefficient(linear regression analysis, P > 0.15) were observed. CONCLUSION Only the four patients taking topiramate show aberrant network measures, suggesting that alterations in functional brain network organization may be only subtle and measureable in patients with more severe cognitive side effects. | Tamar M van Veenendaal Dominique M IJff Albert P Aldenkamp Richard H C Lazeron Paul A M Hofman Anton J A de Louw Walter H Backes Jacobus F A Jansen | 2017 | World Journal of Radiology2017，9，6： | 2 |
| 6 | Recommendations for Comprehensive Stroke Centers: A Consensus Statement From the Brain Attack Coalition显示文摘 | Mark J. Alberts Richard E. Latchaw Warren R. Selman Timothy Shephard Mark N. Hadley Lawrence M. Brass Walter Koroshetz John R. Marler John Booss Richard D. Zorowitz Janet B. Croft Ellen Magnis Diane Mulligan Andrew Jagoda Robert O’Connor C Michael Cawley | 2005 | Stroke2005，，7： | 2 |
| 7 | Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial显示文摘 | David W Andrews Charles B Scott Paul W Sperduto Adam E Flanders Laurie E Gaspar Michael C Schell Maria Werner-Wasik William Demas Janice Ryu Jean-Paul Bahary Luis Souhami Marvin Rotman Minesh P Mehta Walter J Curran | 2004 | The Lancet . 2004 (9422)2004，，9422： | 2 |
| 8 | 头颈部鳞癌术后中药治疗的评价──临床随机对照设计的应用显示文摘作者通过头颈部鳞癌术后中药治疗的研究实例,阐述了临床随机对照研究的科学设计、实施步骤和统计分析的具体方法。结果发现,kaplan-Meier生存曲线,经单因素Logrank检验,治疗组与对照组无统计学差别(P>0.05)。进一步做Cox模型多因素分析,在平衡了性别年龄、服药时间、病理分级、化疗等因素对生存函数的影响后,则发现对照组的死亡危险比是1.939,95%可信限在1.008~3.729之间,P<0.05;在众多预后因素中服药时间对生存函数的影响最大(P<0.001);提示中药治疗对头颈部鳞癌术后生存具有显著作用,是影响头颈部鳞癌患者术后生存的一项独立的预后因素。 | 曹阳 邱蔚六 陆昌语 林国础 郭一钦 Walter Guralnick William C Wood Chung-cheng Haich Thomas Albert Edward Evers | 1996 | 上海口腔医学1996，5，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Imaging of renal lesions: evaluation of fast MRI and helical CT显示文摘 | Walter C Kruessell M Gindele A | 2003 | Br J Radiol2003，76，910： | 2 |
| 10 | Prolactin production from proliferative phase leiomyoma显示文摘 | DALY D C WALTERS C A PRIOR J C | 1984 | Am J Obstet Gynecol1984，148，8： | 2 |
| 11 | Immersed tunnel settlements. Part 1: nature of settlements显示文摘 | Walter C Grantz | 2001 | Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research2001，，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Naming and outline of Dothideomycetes-2014 including proposals for the protection or suppression of generic names显示文摘Article 59.1,of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi,and Plants(ICN;Melbourne Code),which addresses the nomenclature of pleomorphic fungi,became effective from 30 July 2011.Since that date,each fungal species can have one nomenclaturally correct name in a particular classification.All other previously used names for this species will be considered as synonyms.The older generic epithet takes priority over the younger name.Any widely used younger names proposed for use,must comply with Art.57.2 and their usage should be approved by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).In this paper,we list all genera currently accepted by us in Dothideomycetes(belonging to 23 orders and 110 families),including pleomorphic and nonpleomorphic genera.In the case of pleomorphic genera,we follow the rulings of the current ICN and propose single generic names for future usage.The taxonomic placements of 1261 genera are listed as an outline.Protected names and suppressed names for 34 pleomorphic genera are listed separately.Notes and justifications are provided for possible proposed names after the list of genera.Notes are also provided on recent advances in our understanding of asexual and sexual morph linkages in Dothideomycetes.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene analyses supported 23 orders and 75 families,while 35 families still lack molecular data. | Nalin N.Wijayawardene Pedro W.Crous Paul M.Kirk David L.Hawksworth Saranyaphat Boonmee Uwe Braun Dong-Qin Dai Melvina J.D’souza Paul Diederich Asha Dissanayake Mingkhuan Doilom Singang Hongsanan E.B.Gareth Jones Johannes Z.Groenewald Ruvishika Jayawardena James D.Lawrey Jian-Kui Liu Robert Lücking Hugo Madrid Dimuthu S.Manamgoda Lucia Muggia Matthew P.Nelsen Rungtiwa Phookamsak Satinee Suetrong Kazuaki Tanaka Kasun M.Thambugala Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Saowanee Wikee Ying Zhang Andre Aptroot H.A.Ariyawansa Ali H.Bahkali D.Jayarama Bhat Cécile Gueidan Putarak Chomnunti G.Sybren De Hoog Kerry Knudsen Wen-Jing Li Eric H.C.McKenzie Andrew N.Miller Alan J.L.Phillips Marcin Piatek Huzefa A.Raja Roger S.Shivas Bernad Slippers Joanne E.Taylor Qing Tian Yong Wang Joyce H.C.Woudenberg Lei Cai Walter M.Jaklitsch Kevin D.Hyde | 2014 | Fungal Diversity2014，，6： | 2 |
| 13 | Aberrant p53 protein expression is associated with an increased risk of neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus显示文摘 | Florine Kastelein Katharina Biermann Ewout W Steyerberg Joanne Verheij Marit Kalisvaart Leendert H J Looijenga Hans A Stoop Laurens Walter Ernst J Kuipers Manon C W Spaander Marco J Bruno | 2013 | Gut2013，，12： | 2 |
| 14 | Mercury speciation in fluorescent lamps by thermal release analysis显示文摘 | CLAUDIO R CLAUDIO C WALTER A D J | 2003 | Waste Management2003，23，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Dietary glycemic load and atherothrombotic risk显示文摘 | Simin L Walter C | 2002 | Current Atherosclerosis Reports2002，4，： | 1 |
| 16 | More progress towarda taxonomy of managerial performance requirements显示文摘 | WALTER C BORMAN H BRUSH DONALD | 1993 | Human performance1993，，6： | 1 |
| 17 | AUele-specific regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-7 promoter activity is associated with coronary artery luminal dimensions among hypercholesterolemic patients 显示文摘 | JORMSJ S WHATLING C WALTER DH | 2001 | Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol2001，2，： | 1 |
| 18 | Quantitative real-time RT-PCR detection of breast cancer micrometastasis using a multigene marker panel显示文摘 | Mrrras M Mikhitarian K Walters C | 2001 | Int J Cancer2001，93，： | 1 |
| 19 | Montgomery Exponentiation Needs No Final Subtractions 显示文摘 | C D Walter | 1999 | Electronic Letters1999，35，21： | 1 |
| 20 | Ecopath with Ecosim:Methods,capabilities and limitations显示文摘 | Christensen V Walters C J | 2004 | Ecological Modelling2004，172，： | 1 |
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