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| 1 | 短暂性脑缺血发作的定义和评价:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会卒中委员会、心血管外科和麻醉委员会、心血管放射学和介入委员会、心血管护理委员会和外周血管病跨学科委员会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的科学声明:美国神经病学学会确认该声明作为神经科医生继续教育工具的价值显示文摘本科学声明面向为短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attacks,TIA)患者提供医疗诊治的临床医生和相关医疗卫生人员。采用正规的证据复习方法对1990-2007年7月期间Medline数据库进行系统的文献检索,并运用证据表、汇总分析和病例资料的合并分析,对数据进行综合处理。本文支持以下基于组织学的TIA定义:局灶性脑、脊髓或视网膜缺血引起的短暂性神经功能障碍发作,且无急性脑梗死。TIA患者的近期卒中风险较高,可根据临床量表、血管影像学和磁共振弥散加权成像进行风险分层。诊断推荐包括:TIA患者应在发病24h内接受神经影像学评价,最好是应用包括弥散序列在内的MRI;应进行无创性颈部血管成像检查,最好是无创性颅内血管成像;对于未能确定血管病因的患者,TIA发病后应尽快进行心电图检查,也应考虑持续心电监测和超声心动图检查;应进行常规血液化验;对于发病72h内就诊并且ABCD^2评分≥3分(提示近期复发风险较高)或在门诊不能迅速完成诊断评价的TIA患者,应收入院治疗。 | J. Donald Easton Jeffrey L. Saver Gregory W. Albers Mark J. Alberts Seemant Chaturvedi Edward Feldmann Thomas S. Hatsukami Randall T. Higashida S. Claibome Johnston Chelsea S. Kidwell Helmi L. Lutsep Elaine Miller Ralph L. Sacco 李海峰 高翔(译) | 2009 | 国际脑血管病杂志2009，，9： | 86 |
| 2 | 子宫颈癌筛查异常妇女处理的共识指南(2006版)显示文摘2001年,美国阴道镜与宫颈病理学会(American Society for Colposcopyand Cervical Pathology,ASCCP)联合其他专业学会以及联邦与国际组织.制订了2001版的宫颈癌细胞学筛查结果异常妇女处理的共识指南。这是全面的、以循证医学为依据的指南,其目的是帮助所有亚专业的临床医生,处理每年约480万诊断为细胞学异常的美国妇女。 | 李志刚(翻译) Thomas C. Wright Jr L Stewart Massad Charles J. Dunton MarkSpitzer Edward J. Wilkinson DianeSolomon | 2008 | 循证医学2008，8，4： | 16 |
| 3 | 黄芪总黄酮对扑热息痛所致肝损伤的防护机理探讨显示文摘目的 :研究黄芪总黄酮对扑热息痛所致肝损伤的防护机理。方法 :用高压液相测定扑热息痛及代谢产物和苯巴比妥诱导睡眠模型研究黄芪总黄酮 (TFA)对扑热息痛的代谢及TFA抗扑热息痛所致损伤的机理。结果 :TFA可明显降低尿中硫醚胺酸的浓度 ,其变化与TFA浓度成反比 ;但对其它代谢产物的影响无明显统计学差异。苯巴比妥诱导小鼠睡眠实验结果显示 ,TFA (10 0mg·kg-1)本身对苯巴比妥代谢无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,扑热息痛 (40 0mg·kg-1)可显著延长小鼠的睡眠时间 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;但TFA (10 0mg·kg-1)明显缩短扑热息痛所延长的苯巴比妥诱导的睡眠时间 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论 | 汪德清 Critchley Julian AJH 丁保国 马艳青 赵海潞 Thomas G Neil 田亚平 Tomlinson B rian Critchley Lester AH James Anthony Edward | 2001 | 中国中药杂志2001，26，9： | 13 |
| 4 | 卒中一级预防指南 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南美国神经病学学会肯定本指南作为神经科医生继续教育工具的价值显示文摘背景和目的本指南对各种已确定和新出现的卒中危险因素的证据进行概述,以提供降低首次卒中风险的循证推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位成员先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(American HeartAssociation,AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾的方法(涵盖时间为2006年上一次回顾发表到2009年4月),参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来总结现有证据,并指出现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据标准的AHA标准做出推荐。写作组全体成员均有机会对推荐进行评论并审核这份声明的最终文本。在AHA科学咨询和协调委员会考察和批准之前,本指南已南卒中委员会领导层和AIIA科学声明督察委员会进行过广泛的同行评议。结果对评价个体首次卒巾风险的流程图进行了评价。根据干预的町能性(不可于预、可于预或潜在可干预)和证据的强度(证据充分或证据不太充分),对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预危险因素包括年龄、性别、低出生体质量、人种/种族和遗传倾向。证据充分的叮干预危险因素包括高血压、吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病、绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、体力活动过少以及肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白(a)升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行了回顾。结论多方面的证据可用于确定能增高首次卒中风险的多种具体因素并提供降低这种风险的策略。 | Larry B. Goldstein Cheryl D. Bushnell Robert J. Adams Lawrence J. Appel Lynne T. Braun Seemant Chaturvedi Mark A. Creager Antonio Culebras Robert H. Eckel Robert G. Hart Judith A. Hinchey Virginia J. Howard Edward C. Jauch Steven R. Levine James F. Meschia Wesley S. Moore J.V. (Ian) Nixon Thomas A. Pearson 张霞(译) 尤寿江(译) 陈孝东(译) 卢涛声(译) 石际俊(译) 曹勇军(译) 徐兴顺(译) | 2010 | 国际脑血管病杂志2010，18，12： | 12 |
| 5 | The impact of iodinated X-ray contrast agents on formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products in drinking water显示文摘The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media(ICM) in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products(DBPs). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ICM in source waters and the type of disinfectant on the overall toxicity of DBP mixtures and to determine which ICM and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. Source waters collected from Akron,OH were treated with five different ICMs, including iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol,diatrizoate and iomeprol, with or without chlorine or chloramine disinfection. The reaction product mixtures were concentrated with XAD resins and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the reaction mixture concentrates was measured. Water containing iopamidol generated an enhanced level of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity after disinfection. While chlorine disinfection with iopamidol resulted in the highest cytotoxicity overall, the relative iopamidol-mediated increase in toxicity was greater when chloramine was used as the disinfectant compared with chlorine. Four other ICMs(iopromide, iohexol, diatrizoate, and iomeprol) expressed some cytotoxicity over the control without any disinfection, and induced higher cytotoxicity when chlorinated. Only iohexol enhanced genotoxicity compared to the chlorinated source water. | Clara H.Jeong Edward J.Machek Morteza Shakeri Stephen E.Duirk Thomas A.Ternes Susan D.Richardson Elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.Plewa | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，8： | 11 |
| 6 | Small bowel ulcerative lesions are common in elderly NSAIDs users with peptic ulcer bleeding显示文摘AIM: To determine the frequency of small bowel ulcerative lesions in patients with peptic ulcer and define the significance of those lesions. METHODS: In our prospective study, 60 consecutive elderly patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a peptic ulceration(cases) and 60 matched patients with a non-bleeding peptic ulcer(controls) underwent small bowel capsule endoscopy, after a negative colonoscopy(compulsory in our institution). Controls were evaluated for non-bleeding indications. Known or suspected chronic inflammatory conditions and medication that could harm the gut were excluded. During capsule endoscopy, small bowel ulcerative lesions were counted thoroughly and classified according to Graham classification. Other small bowellesions were also recorded. Peptic ulcer bleeding was controlled endoscopically, when adequate, proton pump inhibitors were started in both cases and controls, and Helicobacter pylori eradicated whenever present. Both cases and controls were followed up for a year. In case of bleeding recurrence upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was repeated and whenever it remained unexplained it was followed by repeat colonoscopy and capsule endoscopy.RESULTS: Forty(67%) cases and 18(30%) controls presented small bowel erosions(P = 0.0001), while 22(37%) cases and 4(8%) controls presented small bowel ulcers(P < 0.0001). Among non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID) consumers, 39(95%) cases and 17(33%) controls presented small bowel erosions(P < 0.0001), while 22(55%) cases and 4(10%) controls presented small bowel ulcers(P < 0.0001). Small bowel ulcerative lesions were infrequent among patients not consuming NSAIDs. Mean entry hemoglobin was 9.3(SD = 1.4) g/d L in cases with small bowel ulcerative lesions and 10.5(SD = 1.3) g/dL in those without(P = 0.002). Cases with small bowel ulcers necessitate more units of packed red blood cells. During their hospitalization, 6(27%) cases with small bowel ulcers presented bleeding recurrence most possibly attributed to small bowel ulcers, nevertheless 30-d mortality was zero. Presence of chronic obstructive lung disease and diabetes was related with unexplained recurrence of hemorrhage in logistic regression analysis, while absence of small bowel ulcers was protective(relative risk 0.13, P = 0.05).CONCLUSION: Among NSAID consumers, more bleeders than non-bleeders with peptic ulcers present small bowel ulcers; lesions related to more severe bleeding and unexplained episodes of bleeding recurrence. | Panagiotis Tsibouris Chissostomos Kalantzis Periklis Apostolopoulos Antonios Zalonis Peter Edward Thomas Isaacs Mark Hendrickse Georgios Alexandrakis | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，12： | 6 |
| 7 | Pushing the boundaries of diode-pumped solid-state lasers for high-energy applications显示文摘We report on the successful demonstration of a 150 J nanosecond pulsed cryogenic gas cooled,diode-pumped multi-slab Yb:YAG laser operating at 1 Hz.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest energy ever recorded for a diodepumped laser system. | Saumyabrata Banerjee Paul Mason Jonathan Phillips Jodie Smith Thomas Butcher Jacob Spear Mariastefania De Vido Gary Quinn Danielle Clarke Klaus Ertel Cristina Hernez-Gomez Chris Edwards John Collier | 2020 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2020，8，2： | 4 |
| 8 | 子宫颈上皮内瘤变或原位腺癌的处理(2006年版)显示文摘2006年9月18—19日,146名代表29个组织和专业学会的专家在Bethesda聚会,修改制订了有关如何处理宫颈癌筛查异常结果妇女的以循证医学为依据的共识指南。有关低度宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)的处理,变化较大。以往,需要根据阴道镜检查结果是否满意进行处理,对所有的CIN1妇女均可以采用破坏或者切除疗法。在新的指南中,不论阴道镜检查满意与否,对因低度宫颈细胞学结果转诊而明确的CIN1,细胞学随访是唯一的处理建议。 | 李志刚 Thomas C.Wright L.Stewart Massad Charles J.Dunton Mark Spitzer Edward J.Wilkinson Diane Solomon | 2008 | 循证医学2008，8，5： | 4 |
| 9 | Development of a 100 J,10 Hz laser for compression experiments at the High Energy Density instrument at the European XFEL显示文摘In this paper we review the design and development of a 100 J, 10 Hz nanosecond pulsed laser, codenamed DiPOLE100 X,being built at the Central Laser Facility(CLF). This 1 kW average power diode-pumped solid-state laser(DPSSL) is based on a master oscillator power amplifier(MOPA) design, which includes two cryogenic gas cooled amplifier stages based on DiPOLE multi-slab ceramic Yb:YAG amplifier technology developed at the CLF. The laser will produce pulses between 2 and 15 ns in duration with precise, arbitrarily selectable shapes, at pulse repetition rates up to 10 Hz, allowing real-time shape optimization for compression experiments. Once completed, the laser will be delivered to the European X-ray Free Electron Laser(XFEL) facility in Germany as a UK-funded contribution in kind, where it will be used to study extreme states of matter at the High Energy Density(HED) instrument. | Paul Mason Saumyabrata Banerjee Jodie Smith Thomas Butcher Jonathan Phillips Hauke Hoppner Dominik Moller Klaus Ertel Mariastefania De Vido Ian Hollingham ANDrew Norton Stephanie Tomlinson Tinesimba Zata Jorge Suarez Merchan Chris Hooker Mike Tyldesley Toma Toncian Cristina HernANDez-Gomez Chris Edwards John Collier | 2018 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2018，6，4： | 4 |
| 10 | Diagnostic delay and associated factors among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania显示文摘Background:Tanzania is among the 30 countries with the highest tuberculosis(TB)burdens.Because TB has a long infectious period,early diagnosis is not only important for reducing transmission,but also for improving treatment outcomes.We assessed diagnostic delay and associated factors among infectious TB patients.Methods:We interviewed new smear-positive adult pulmonary TB patients enrolled in an ongoing TB cohort study in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania,between November 2013 and June 2015.TB patients were interviewed to collect information on socio-demographics,socio-economic status,health-seeking behaviour,and residential geocodes.We categorized diagnostic delay into≤3 or>3 weeks.We used logistic regression models to identify risk factors for diagnostic delay,presented as crude(OR)and adjusted Odds Ratios(aOR).We also assessed association between geographical distance(incremental increase of 500 meters between household and the nearest pharmacy)with binary outcomes.Results:We analysed 513 patients with a median age of 34 years(interquartile range 27-41);353(69%)were men.Overall,444(87%)reported seeking care from health care providers prior to TB diagnosis,of whom 211(48%)sought care>2 times.Only six(1%)visited traditional healers before TB diagnosis.Diagnostic delay was positively associated with absence of chest pain(aOR=7.97,95%confidence intervals[CI]:3.15-20.19;P<0.001),and presence of hemoptysis(aOR=25.37,95%CI:11.15-57.74;P<0.001)and negatively associated with use of medication prior to TB diagnosis(aOR=0.31,95%CI:0.14-0.71;P=0.01).Age,sex,HIV status,education level,household income,and visiting health care facilities(HCFs)were not associated with diagnostic delay.Patients living far from pharmacies were less likely to visit a HCF(incremental increase of distance versus visit to any facility:OR=0.51,95%CI:0.28-0.96;P=0.037).Conclusions:TB diagnostic delay was common in Dar es Salaam,and was more likely among patients without prior use of medication and presenting with hemoptysis.Geographical distance to HCFs may have an impact on health-seeking behaviour.Increasing community awareness of TB signs and symptoms could further reduce diagnostic delays and interrupt TB transmission. | Khadija Said Jerry Hella Grace Mhalu Mary Chiryankubi Edward Masika Thomas Maroa Francis Mhimbira Neema Kapalata Lukas Fenner | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 4 |
| 11 | Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Prevent Recurrence of HCV Infection after Liver Transplantation: An Open-Label Study显示文摘 | Michael P. Curry Xavier Forns Raymond T. Chung Norah A. Terrault Robert Brown Jonathan M. Fenkel Fredric Gordon Jacqueline O’Leary Alexander Kuo Thomas Schiano Gregory Everson Eugene Schiff Alex Befeler Edward Gane Sammy Saab John G. McHutchison G. Mani S | 2014 | Gastroenterology2014，，： | 3 |
| 12 | Risk of Intestinal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study From Olmsted County, Minnesota显示文摘 | Tine Jess Edward V. Loftus Fernando S. Velayos W. Scott Harmsen Alan R. Zinsmeister Thomas C. Smyrk Cathy D. Schleck William J. Tremaine L. Joseph Melton Pia Munkholm William J. Sandborn | 2006 | Gastroenterology2006，，4： | 3 |
| 13 | 抗生素耐药性环境中产生和转移的人类健康风险评估(HHRA)显示文摘[背景]直到最近,人们才明确环境能影响抗生素耐药性风险对临床结果的影响,但迄今为止,很少有文献记录正式评估这些风险的方法。[目标]我们研究可能的方法,并试图确定人类健康风险评估(HHRA)的研究需求,这项评估注重环境在抗生素耐药性病原体所致的抗生素治疗失败中所起的作用。[方法]作者参加了2012年3月4—8日在加拿大魁北克省举行的研讨会,定义抗生素耐药性风险与人类健康环境评估的范围和目标。我们专注于环境中耐药性产生'热点区域'的关键要素,(与食品无关的)暴露评估以及剂量反应,以描述风险特征,从而改善抗生素耐药性管理的方案。[讨论]识别传统风险评估中有助于评估环境中抗生素耐药性的各个新方面。包括:a)解释附加的选择压力对环境耐药基因组的作用,即随着时间的推移,促使抗生素耐药性细菌(ARB)产生;b)在相关的环境组成部分的'热点区域'中识别和描述水平基因转移(HGT)率;c)针对不同健康结局和途径的ARB剂量修改传统的剂量反应方法。[结论]我们建议将抗生素耐药性产生造成的环境影响纳入所有涉及ARB的HHRA过程之中。由于可用的数据有限,一种多标准决策分析方法将有助于进行环境中抗生素耐药性的HHRA,并使风险管理者了解环境抗生素耐药性。 | Nicholas J.Ashbolt Alejandro Amézquita Thomas Backhaus Peter Borriello Kristian K.Brandt Peter Collignon Anja Coors Rita Finley William H.Gaze Thomas Heberer John R.Lawrence D.G.Joakim Larsson Scott A.McEwen James J.Ryan Jens Schnfeld Peter Silley Jason R.Snape Christel Van den Eede Edward Topp 王晓宇 张伊人 操仪 | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014，31，2： | 3 |
| 14 | Risk for Immune-Mediated Graft Dysfunction in Liver Transplant Recipients With Recurrent HCV Infection Treated With Pegylated Interferon显示文摘 | Josh Levitsky Maria Isabel Fiel John P. Norvell Edward Wang Kymberly D. Watt Michael P. Curry Sumeet Tewani Timothy M. McCashland Maarouf A. Hoteit Abraham Shaked Samuel Saab Amanda C. Chi Amy Tien Thomas D. Schiano | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，5： | 3 |
| 15 | Structural estimation and solution of international trade models with heterogeneous firms显示文摘 | Edward J. Balistreri Russell H. Hillberry Thomas F. Rutherford | 2011 | Journal of International Economics2011，，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation显示文摘连续热水的合成为 nanoparticles 的生产作为一种创新技术在最近的评论被加亮。在最近的年里,是大量 nanomaterials 的合成的合适的反应媒介被显示了。许多单个、复杂的 nanomaterials 象金属,金属氧化物,做的氧化物,碳酸盐,硫化物,氢氧化物,磷酸盐,和金属那样器官的框架能用连续热水的合成技术被形成。这个工作介绍方法论试验性地并且数字地描绘连续热水的流动系统,并且为大规模生产决定一个相反当前的 supercritical 水反应堆的可伸缩性(> 1,000 T 敳 ? 潰整瑮慩??? ?? 湯敳 ? 猯'T? 漠 ?? 代嘠愠摮挠瑡污瑹捩挠牵敲瑮搠湥楳祴漠 ????? 湡 ? | Jose Sierra-Pallarest Thomas Huddle Juan Garcia-Serna Esther Alonso Fidel Mato Igor Shvets Olaf Luebben Maria Jose Cocero Edward Lester | 2016 | Nano Research2016，9，11： | 2 |
| 17 | Servicizing the Chemical Supply Chain显示文摘 | Edward D.Reiskin Allen L.White Jill KauffmanJohnson Thomas J.Votta | 2008 | Journal of Industrial Ecology (鈥?)2008，，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel for second-line treatment of stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on platinum-based therapy (REVEL): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Edward B Garon Tudor-Eliade Ciuleanu Oscar Arrieta Kumar Prabhash Konstantinos N Syrigos Tuncay Goksel Keunchil Park Vera Gorbunova Ruben Dario Kowalyszyn Joanna Pikiel Grzegorz Czyzewicz Sergey V Orlov Conrad R Lewanski Michael Thomas Paolo Bidoli Shaker | 2014 | The Lancet2014，，： | 2 |
| 19 | Reoperation for prosthetic aortic valve obstruction in the era of echocardiography: trends in diagnostic testing and comparison with surgical findings显示文摘 | Steven E Girard Fletcher A Miller Thomas A Orszulak Charles J Mullany Samantha Montgomery William D Edwards Henry D Tazelaar Joseph F Malouf A.Jamil Tajik | 2001 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2001，，2： | 2 |
| 20 | 头颈部鳞癌术后中药治疗的评价──临床随机对照设计的应用显示文摘作者通过头颈部鳞癌术后中药治疗的研究实例,阐述了临床随机对照研究的科学设计、实施步骤和统计分析的具体方法。结果发现,kaplan-Meier生存曲线,经单因素Logrank检验,治疗组与对照组无统计学差别(P>0.05)。进一步做Cox模型多因素分析,在平衡了性别年龄、服药时间、病理分级、化疗等因素对生存函数的影响后,则发现对照组的死亡危险比是1.939,95%可信限在1.008~3.729之间,P<0.05;在众多预后因素中服药时间对生存函数的影响最大(P<0.001);提示中药治疗对头颈部鳞癌术后生存具有显著作用,是影响头颈部鳞癌患者术后生存的一项独立的预后因素。 | 曹阳 邱蔚六 陆昌语 林国础 郭一钦 Walter Guralnick William C Wood Chung-cheng Haich Thomas Albert Edward Evers | 1996 | 上海口腔医学1996，5，1： | 2 |
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