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| 1 | Recruitment maneuvers in acute respiratory distress syndrome: The safe way is the best way显示文摘Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) represents a serious problem in critically ill patients and is associated with in-hospital mortality rates of 33%-52%. Recruitment maneuvers(RMs) are a simple, low-cost, feasible intervention that can be performed at the bedside in patients with ARDS. RMs are characterized by the application of airway pressure to increase transpulmonary pressure transiently. Once non-aerated lung units are reopened, improvements are observed in respiratory system mechanics, alveolar reaeration on computed tomography, and improvements in gas exchange(functional recruitment). However, the reopening process could lead to vascular compression, which can be associated with overinflation, and gas exchange may not improve as expected(anatomical recruitment). The purpose of this review was to discuss the effects of different RM strategies- sustained inflation, intermittent sighs, and stepwise increases of positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) and/or airway inspiratory pressure- on the following parameters: hemodynamics, oxygenation, barotrauma episodes, and lung recruitability through physiological variables and imaging techniques. RMs and PEEP titration are interdependent events for the success of ventilatory management. PEEP should be adjusted on the basis of respiratory system mechanics and oxygenation. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that RMs are associated with lower mortality in patients with ARDS. However, the optimal RM method(i.e., that providing the best balance of benefit and harm) and the effects of RMs on clinical outcome are still under discussion, and further evidence is needed. | Raquel S Santos Pedro L Silva Paolo Pelosi Patricia RM Rocco | 2015 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2015，4，4： | 19 |
| 2 | Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery: Progress in humans since white paper显示文摘Since the first description of the concept of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), a substantial number of clinical NOTES reports have appeared in the literature. This editorial reviews the available human data addressing research questions originally proposed by the white paper, including determining the optimal method of access for NOTES, developing safe methods of lumenal closure, suturing and anastomotic devices, advanced multitasking platforms, addressing the risk of infection, managing complications, addressing challenges with visualization, and training for NOTES procedures. An analysis of the literature reveals that so far transvaginal access and closure appear to be the most feasible techniques for NOTES, with a limited, but growing transgastric, transrectal, and transesophageal NOTES experience in humans. The theoretically increased risk of infection as a result of NOTES procedures has not been substantiated in transvaginal and transgastric procedures so far. Development of suturing and anastomotic devices and advanced platforms for NOTES has progressed slowly, with limited clinical data on their use so far. Data onthe optimal management and incidence of intraoperative complications remain sparse, although possible factors contributing to complications are discussed. Finally, this editorial discusses the likely direction of future NOTES development and its possible role in clinical practice. | Byron F Santos Eric S Hungness | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，13： | 13 |
| 3 | Hepatic abscess induced by foreign body:Case report and literature review显示文摘Hepatic abscess due to perforation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by ingested foreign bodies is uncommon. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult as patients are often unaware of the foreign body ingestion and symptoms and imagiology are usually non-specific. The authors report a case of 62-year-old woman who was admitted with fever and abdominal pain. Further investigation revealed hepatic abscess, without resolution despite antibiotic therapy. A liver abscess resulting from perforation and intra-hepatic migration of a bone coming from the pilorum was diagnosed by surgery. The literature concerning foreign body-induced perforation of the gastrointestinal tract complicated by liver abscess is reviewed. | Sofia A Santos Sara CF Alberto Elsa Cruz Eduardo Pires Tomás Figueira lia Coimbra José Estevez Mário Oliveira Luís Novais Joo R Deus | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，9： | 10 |
| 4 | Portal hypertensive biliopathy: A single center experience and literature review显示文摘Portal hypertensive biliopathy (PHB) is characterized by anatomical and functional abnormalities of the intrahepatic, extrahepatic and pancreatic ducts, in patients with portal hypertension associated to extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and less frequently to cirrhosis. These morphological changes, consisting in dilatation and stenosis of the biliary tree, are due to extensive venous collaterals occurring in an attempt to decompress the portal venous blockage. It is usually asymptomatic until it progresses to more advanced stages with cholestasis, jaundice, biliary sludge, gallstones, cholangitis and finally biliary cirrhosis. Imaging mo-dalities of the biliary tree such as Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are essential to establish the diagnosis and the need of therapeutical interventions. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment with ursodesoxycholic acid seems to be beneficial. Decompression of the biliary tree to dilate, remove stones or implant biliary prosthesis by endoscopic or surgical procedures (hepato-yeyunostomy) usually resolves the cholestatic picture and prevents septic complications. The ideal treatment is the decompression of the portal system, with transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt or a surgical porto-systemic shunt. Unfortunately, few patients will be candidates for these procedures due to the extension of the thrombotic process. The purpose of this paper is to report the first 3 cases of PHB seen in a Colombian center and to review the literature. | Vanessa Suárez Andrés Puerta Luisa Fernanda Santos Juan Manuel Pérez Adriana Varón Rafael Claudino Botero | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，3： | 10 |
| 5 | Gut-brain connection: The neuroprotective effects of the anti-diabetic drug liraglutide显示文摘Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) analogues marketed for type 2 diabetes(T2D) treatment have been showing positive and protective effects in several different tissues, including pancreas, heart or even brain. This gut secreted hormone plays a potent insulinotropic activity and an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, growing evidences suggest the occurrence of several commonalities between T2 D and neurodegenerative diseases, insulin resistance being pointed as a main cause for cognitive decline and increased risk to develop dementia. In this regard, it has also been suggested that stimulation of brain insulin signaling may have a protective role against cognitive deficits. As GLP-1 receptors(GLP-1R) are expressed throughout the central nervous system and GLP-1 may cross the blood-brain-barrier, an emerging hypothesis suggests that they may be promising therapeutic targets against brain dysfunctional insulin signaling-related pathologies. Importantly, GLP-1 actions depend not only on the direct effect mediated by its receptor activation, but also on the gut-brain axis involving an exchange of signals between both tissues via the vagal nerve, thereby regulating numerous physiological functions(e.g., energy homeostasis, glucose-dependent insulin secretion, as well as appetite and weight control). Amongst the incretin/GLP-1 mimetics class of anti-T2 D drugs with an increasingly described neuroprotective potential, the already marketed liraglutide emerged as a GLP-1R agonist highly resistant to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degradation(thereby having an increased half-life) and whose systemic GLP-1R activity is comparable to that of native GLP-1. Importantly, several preclinical studies showed anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects of liraglutide against T2 D, stroke and Alzheimer disease(AD), whereas several clinical trials, demonstrated some surprising benefits of liraglutide on weight loss, microglia inhibition, behavior and cognition, and in AD biomarkers. Herein, we discuss the GLP-1 action through the gut-brain axis, the hormone's regulation of some autonomic functions and liraglutide's neuroprotective potential. | Emanuel Monteiro Candeias Inês Carolina Sebastio Susana Maria Cardoso Sónia Catarina Correia Cristina Isabel Carvalho Ana Isabel Plácido Maria Sancha Santos Catarina Resende Oliveira Paula Isabel Moreira Ana Isabel Duarte | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，6： | 9 |
| 6 | Embolization of splenorenal shunt associated to portal vein thrombosis and hepatic encephalopathy显示文摘Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a cognitive disturbance characterized by neuropsychiatric alterations.It occurs in acute and chronic hepatic disease and also in patients with portosystemic shunts.The presence of these portosystemic shunts allows the passage of nitrogenous substances from the intestines through systemic veins without liver depuration.Therefore,the embolization of these shunts has been performed tocontrol HE manifestations,but the presence of portal vein thrombosis is considered a contraindication.In this presentation we show a cirrhotic patient with severe HE and portal vein thrombosis who was submitted to embolization of a large portosystemic shunt.Case report:a 57 years-old cirrhotic patient who had been hospitalized many times for persistent HE and hepatic coma,even without precipitant factors.She had a wide portosystemic shunt and also portal vein thrombosis.The abdominal angiography confirmed the splenorenal shunt and showed other shunts.The larger shunt was embolized through placement of microcoils,and the patient had no recurrence of overt HE.There was a little increase of esophageal and gastric varices,but no endoscopic treatment was needed.Since portosystemic shunts are frequent causes of recurrent HE in cirrhotic patients,portal vein thrombosis should be considered a relative contraindication to perform a shunt embolization.However,in particular cases with many shunts and severe HE,we found that one of these shunts can be safely embolized and this procedure can be sufficient to obtain a good HE recovery.In conclusion,we reported a case of persistent HE due to a wide portosystemic shunt associated with portal vein thrombosis.As the patient had other shunts,she was successfully treated by embolization of the larger shunt. | Letícia de Campos Franzoni Fábio Cardoso de Carvalho Rafael Gomes de Almeida Garzon Fábio da Silva Yamashiro Laís Augusti Lívia Alves Amaral Santos Mariana de Souza Dorna Júlio Pinheiro Baima Talles Bazeia Lima Carlos Antonio Caramori Giovanni Faria Silva Fernando Gomes Romeiro | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，42： | 6 |
| 7 | MGMT and MLH1 methylation in Helicobacter pylori-infected children and adults显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the association between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection and MLH1 and MGMT methylation and its relationship with microsatellite instability(MSI).METHODS:The methylation status of the MLH1 and MGMT promoter region was analysed by methylation specific methylation-polymerase chain reaction(MSPPCR) in gastric biopsy samples from uninfected or H.pylori-infected children(n = 50),from adults with chronic gastritis(n = 97) and from adults with gastric cancer(n = 92).MLH1 and MGMT mRNA expression were measured by real-time PCR and normalised to a constitutive gene(β actin).MSI analysis was performed by screening MSI markers at 4 loci(Bat-25,Bat-26,D17S250 and D2S123) with PCR;PCR products were analysed by single strand conformation polymorphism followed by silver staining.Statistical analyses were performed with either the χ 2 test with Yates continuity correction or Fisher's exact test,and statistical significance for expression analysis was assessed using an unpaired Student's t-test.RESULTS:Methylation was not detected in the promoter regions of MLH1 and MGMT in gastric biopsy samples from children,regardless of H.pylori infection status.The MGMT promoter was methylated in 51% of chronic gastritis adult patients and was associated with H.pylori infection(P < 0.05);this region was methylated in 66% of gastric cancer patients,and the difference in the percentage of methylated samples between these patients and those from H.pylori-infected chronic gastritis patients was statistically significant(P < 0.05).MLH1 methylation frequencies among H.pylori-infected and non-infected chronic gastritis adult patients were 13% and 7%,respectively.We observed methylation of the MLH1 promoter(39%) and increased MSI levels(68%) in samples from gastric cancer patients in comparison to samples from H.pylori-infected adult chronic gastritis patients(P < 0.001 and P < 0.01,respectively).The frequency of promoter methylation for both genes was higher in gastric cancer samples than in H.pylori-positive chronic gastritis samples(P < 0.05).The levels of MLH1 and MGMT mRNA were significantly reduced in chronic gastritis samples that were also hypermethylated(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:In summary,MGMT and MLH1 methylation did not occur in earlier-stage H.pylori infections and thus might depend on the duration of infection. | Marisa C Alvarez Juliana C Santos Nathália Maniezzo Marcelo S Ladeira Artur LC da Silva Isabel CA Scaletsky José Pedrazzoli Jr Marcelo L Ribeiro | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，20： | 5 |
| 8 | Plant Growth-Promoting Traits in Rhizobacteria of Heavy Metal-Resistant Plants and Their Effects on Brassica nigra Seed Germination显示文摘Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated microbes to clean up pollutants from the soil, water, and air. In order to select the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) for phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination, 60 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of two endemic plants, Prosopis laevigata and Spharealcea angustifolia, in a heavy metal-contaminated zone in Mexico. These rhizobacterial strains were characterized for the growth at different pH and salinity, extracellular enzyme production, solubilization of phosphate, heavy metal resistance, and plant growth-promoting(PGP) traits, including production of siderophores and indol-3-acetic acid(IAA). Overall, the obtained rhizobacteria presented multiple PGP traits. These rhizobacteria were also resistant to high levels of heavy metals(including As as a metalloid)(up to 480 mmol L(-1)As(V), 24 mmol L(-1)Pb(Ⅱ), 21 mmol L(-1)Cu(Ⅱ), and 4.5 mmol L(-1)Zn(Ⅱ)). Seven rhizobacterial strains with the best PGP traits were identified as members of Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Curtobacterium, and Microbacterium, and were selected for further bioassay.The inoculation of Brassica nigra seeds with Microbacterium sp. CE3R2, Microbacterium sp. NE1R5, Curtobacterium sp. NM1R1,and Microbacterium sp. NM3E9 facilitated the root development; they significantly improved the B. nigra seed germination and root growth in the presence of heavy metals such as 2.2 mmol L(-1)Zn(Ⅱ). The rhizobacterial strains isolated in the present study had the potential to be used as efficient bioinoculants in phytorremediation of soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals. | Brenda ROMN-PONCE Diana Miryel REZA-VZQUEZ Sonia GUTIRREZ-PAREDES María de Jesús DE HARO-CRUZ Jessica MALDONADO-HERNNDEZ Yanely BAHENA-OSORIO Paulina ESTRADA-DE LOS SANTOS En Tao WANG María Soledad VSQUEZ-MURRIETA | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，3： | 4 |
| 9 | Chronic myeloid leukemia-from the Philadelphia chromosome to specific target drugs:A literature review显示文摘Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm and was the first neoplastic disease associated with a well-defined genotypic anomaly―the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome.The advances in cytogenetic and molecular assays are of great importance to the diagnosis,prognosis,treatment,and monitoring of CML.The discovery of the breakpoint cluster region(BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia(ABL)1 fusion oncogene has revolutionized the treatment of CML patients by allowing the development of targeted drugs that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(known as TKIs)are the standard therapy for CML and greatly increase the survival rates,despite adverse effects and the odds of residual disease after discontinuation of treatment.As therapeutic alternatives,the subsequent TKIs lead to faster and deeper molecular remissions;however,with the emergence of resistance to these drugs,immunotherapy appears as an alternative,which may have a cure potential in these patients.Against this background,this article aims at providing an overview on CML clinical management and a summary on the main targeted drugs available in that context. | Mariana Miranda Sampaio Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos Hanna Santos Marques Vinícius Lima de Souza Gonçalves Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo Luana Weber Lopes Jonathan Santos Apolonio Camilo Santana Silva Luana Kauany de SáSantos Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol Quézia Estéfani Silva Guimarães Mariana Novaes Santos Breno Bittencourt de Brito Filipe Antônio França da Silva Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira Cláudio Lima Souza Fabrício Freire de Melo | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2021，12，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Functional Recovery of Chronic Paraplegic Pigs After Autologous Transplantation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells显示文摘 | Mercedes Zurita Jesús Vaquero Celia Bonilla Martín Santos Javier De Haro Santiago Oya Concepción Aguayo | 2008 | Transplantation2008，，6： | 3 |
| 11 | Thiopurine-methyltransferase variants in inflammatory bowel disease:Prevalence and toxicity in Brazilian patients显示文摘AIM:To analyze the prevalence of thiopurine-methyltransferase(TPMT)genotypes and their associationwith drug toxicity in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients from southeastern Brazil.METHODS:A total of 219 consecutive patients with IBD,of which 146 had Crohn’s disease and 73 had ulcerative colitis,regularly seen at the outpatient unit of the Division of Gastroenterology at the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto of the State University of Rio de Janeiro,a tertiary referral center,were enrolled in this study from February 2009 to January 2011.We analyzed the presence of major TPMT genetic variants(TPMT*2,*3A,*3C)in IBD patients by means of a specific allele and RFLP-PCR.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes by proteinase-K/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate digestion and phenol-chloroform extraction.TPMT*2(C238G),TPMT*3A(G460A/A719G),and TPMT*3C(A719G)genotypes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing with specific primers.Clinical data were systematically recorded,and correlated with the genotype results.RESULTS:The distribution of the selected TPMT gene polymorphism TPMT*2(C238G),TPMT*3A(G460A/A719G),and TPMT*3C(A719G)genotypes was 3.6%,5.4%,and 7.7%of the patients,respectively.Among the side effects recorded from patients taking azathioprine,14 patients presented with pancreatitis and/or an elevation of pancreatic enzymes,while 6 patients had liver toxicity,and 2 patients exhibited myelosuppression/neutropenia.TPMT polymorphisms were detected in 37/219 patients(8 heterozygous for*2,11 heterozygous for*3A,and 18 heterozygous for*3C).No homozygotic polymorphisms were found.Despite the prevalence of the TPMT*3C genotype,no differences among the genotype frequencies were significant.Although no association was detected regarding myelotoxicity or hepatotoxicity,a trend towards the elevation of pancreatic enzymes was observed for TPMT*2 and TPMT*3C genotypes.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of TPMT genotypes was high among Brazilian patients.Variants genes*2and*3C may be associated with azathioprine pancreatic toxicity in a IBD southeastern Brazilian population. | Ana Teresa P Carvalho Barbara C Esberard Renata S B Fróes Davy C M Rapozo Ana B Grinman Tatiana A Simo Juliana C V C Santos Antonio José V Carneiro Luis Felipe Ribeiro-Pinto Heitor S P de Souza | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，12： | 3 |
| 12 | Diagnostic yield and clinical outcomes after capsule endoscopy in 100 consecutive patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding显示文摘 | Emilio Estévez Benito González-Conde José Luis Vázquez-Iglesias Maria de los Angeles Vázquez-Millán Sonia Pértega Pedro A. Alonso Joan Clofent Eva Santos José Luis Ulla Eloy Sánchez | 2006 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology2006，，8： | 3 |
| 13 | Lack of microRNA‐101 causes E‐cadherin functional deregulation through EZH2 up‐regulation in intestinal gastric cancer显示文摘 | Joana Carvalho Nicole C van Grieken Patricia M Pereira Sónia Sousa Marianne Tijssen Tineke E Buffart Bego?a Diosdado Heike Grabsch Manuel AS Santos Gerrit Meijer Raquel Seruca Beatriz Carvalho Carla Oliveira | 2012 | J Pathol2012，，1： | 3 |
| 14 | rate of adverse events of gastroduodenal snare polypectomy for non-flat polyp is low: A prospective and multicenter study显示文摘AIM To evaluate the rate of adverse events(AEs) during consecutive gastric and duodenal polypectomies in several Spanish centers. METHODS Polypectomies of protruded gastric or duodenal polyps ≥ 5 mm using hot snare were prospectively included. Prophylactic measures of hemorrhage were allowed in predefined cases. AEs were defined and graded according to the lexicon recommended by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Patients were followed for 48 h, one week and 1 mo after theprocedure. RESULTS308 patients were included and a single polypectomy was performed in 205. Only 36(11.7%) were on prior anticoagulant therapy. Mean polyp size was 15 ± 8.9 mm(5-60) and in 294 cases(95.4%) were located in the stomach. Hemorrhage prophylaxis was performed in 219(71.1%) patients. Nine patients presented AEs(2.9%), and 6 of them were bleeding(n = 6, 1.9%)(in 5 out of 6 AE, different types of endoscopic treatment were performed). Other 24 hemorrhagic episodes could be managed without any change in the outcome of the endoscopy and, consequently, were considered incidents. We did not find any independent risk factor of bleeding.CONCLUSION Gastroduodenal polypectomy using prophylactic measures has a rate of AEs small enough to consider this procedure a safe and effective method for polyp resection independently of the polyp size and location. | Henry Córdova Lidia Argüello Carme Loras Antonio Naranjo Rodríguez Faust Riu Pons Joan B Gornals David Nicolás-Pérez Xavier Andújar Murcia Luis Hernández Santos Santolaria Carles Leal Carles Pons Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Orlando García-Bosch Michel Papo Berger José Luis Ulla Rocha Cristina Sánchez-Montes Gloria Fernández-Esparrach | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，47： | 3 |
| 15 | Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Charles S Fuchs Jiri Tomasek Cho Jae Yong Filip Dumitru Rodolfo Passalacqua Chanchal Goswami Howard Safran Lucas Vieira dos Santos Giuseppe Aprile David R Ferry Bohuslav Melichar Mustapha Tehfe Eldar Topuzov John Raymond Zalcberg Ian Chau William Campbell | 2014 | The Lancet2014，，9911： | 3 |
| 16 | Sex-specific effects of Eugenia punicifolia extract on gastric ulcer healing in rats显示文摘AIM To evaluate the sex-specific effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from Eugenia punicifolia(HEEP) leaves on gastric ulcer healing.METHODS In this rat study involving males, intact(cycling) females, and ovariectomized females, gastric ulcers were induced using acetic acid. A vehicle, lansoprazole, or HEEP was administered for 14 d after ulcer induction. Body weight was monitored throughout the treatment period. At the end of treatment, the rats were euthanized and the following in vivo and in vitro investigations were performed: macroscopic examination of the lesion area and organ weights, biochemical analysis, zymography, and evaluation of protein expression levels. Additionally, the concentration-dependent effect of HEEP was evaluated in terms of subacute toxicity and cytotoxicity.RESULTS Compared to the vehicle, HEEP demonstrated a great healing capacity by substantially reducing the ulcerative lesion area in males(52.44%), intact females(85.22%), and ovariectomized females(65.47%), confirming that HEEP accelerates the healing of acetic acidinduced gastric lesions and suggesting that this effect is modulated by female sex hormones. The antiulcer effect of HEEP was mediated by prostaglandin E2 only in male rats. Overall, the beneficial effect of HEEP was the highest in intact females. Notably, HEEP promoted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(intact vs ovariectomized females) and decreased the expression of Caspase-8 and Bcl-2(intact female vs male or ovariectomized female). Additionally, HEEP enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration into a wounded area in vitro, confirming its healing effect. Finally, no sign of subacute toxicity or cytotoxicity of HEEP was observed.CONCLUSION In gastric ulcers, HEEP-induced healing(modulated by female sex hormones; in males, mediated by prostaglandin) involves extracellular matrix remodeling, with gastric mucosa cell proliferation and migration. | Larissa Lucena Périco Vinícius Peixoto Rodrigues Rie Ohara Gabriela Bueno Vania Vasti Alfieri Nunes Raquel Cássia dos Santos Ana Carolina Lima Camargo Luis Antuio Justulin Joior Sérgio Faloni de Andrade Viviane Miranda Bispo Steimbach Luísa Mota da Silva Lúcia Regina Machado da Rocha Wagner Vilegas Catarina dos Santos Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，38： | 3 |
| 17 | “Second-generation” stem cells for cardiac repair显示文摘Over the last years, stem cell therapy has emerged asan inspiring alternative to restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction. A large body of evidence has been obtained in this field but there is no conclusive data on the efficacy of these treatments. Preclinical studies and early reports in humans have been encouraging and have fostered a rapid clinical translation, but positive results have not been uniformly observed and when present, they have been modest. Several types of stem cells, manufacturing methods and delivery routes have been tested in different clinical settings but direct comparison between them is challenging and hinders further research. Despite enormous achievements, major barriers have been found and many fundamental issues remain to be resolved. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms implicated in cardiac development and myocardial regeneration is critically needed to overcome some of these hurdles. Genetic and pharmacological priming together with the discovery of new sources of cells have led to a 'second generation' of cell products that holds an encouraging promise in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. In this report, we review recent advances in this field focusing on the new types of stem cells that are currently being tested in human beings and on the novel strategies employed to boost cell performance in order to improve cardiac function and outcomes after myocardial infarction. | Alberto Núez García Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz María Eugenia Fernández Santos Francisco Fernández-Avilés | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Charles S Fuchs Jiri Tomasek Cho Jae Yong Filip Dumitru Rodolfo Passalacqua Chanchal Goswami Howard Safran Lucas Vieira dos Santos Giuseppe Aprile David R Ferry Bohuslav Melichar Mustapha Tehfe Eldar Topuzov John Raymond Zalcberg Ian Chau William Campbell | 2014 | 2014 (9911)2014，，9911： | 2 |
| 19 | Mechanisms by which opening the mitochondrial ATP- sensitive K(+) channel protects the ischemic heart显示文摘 | Dos Santos P Kowaltowski AJ Laclau MN Seetharaman S Paucek P Boudina S | 2002 | Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2002，283，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Evaluation of biodegradable electric conductive tube-guides and mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of three tubeguides with electrical conductivity associated to mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) on neuro-muscular regeneration after neurotmesis.METHODS: Rats with 10-mm gap nerve injury were tested using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), PVA-carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and MSCs, and PVA-polypyrrole(PPy). The regenerated nerves and tibialis anterior muscles were processed for stereological studies after 20 wk. The functional recovery was assessed serially for gait biomechanical analysis, by extensor postural thrust, sciatic functional index and static sciatic functionalindex(SSI), and by withdrawal reflex latency(WRL). In vitro studies included cytocompatibility, flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and karyotype analysis of the MSCs. Histopathology of lung, liver, kidneys, and regional lymph nodes ensured the biomaterials biocompatibility. RESULTS: SSI remained negative throughout and independently from treatment. Differences between treted groups in the severity of changes in WRL existed, showing a faster regeneration for PVA-CNTs-MSCs(P < 0.05). At toe-off, less acute ankle joint angles were seen for PVA-CNTs-MSCs group(P = 0.051) suggesting improved ankle muscles function during the push off phase of the gait cycle. In PVA-PPy and PVA-CNTs groups, there was a 25% and 42% increase of average fiber area and a 13% and 21% increase of the 'minimal Feret's diameter' respectively. Stereological analysis disclosed a significantly(P < 0.05) increased myelin thickness(M), ratio myelin thickness/axon diameter(M/d) and ratio axon diameter/fiber diameter(d/D; g-ratio) in PVA-CNT-MSCs group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results revealed that treatment with MSCs and PVA-CNTs tube-guides induced better nerve fiber regeneration. Functional and kinematics analysis revealed positive synergistic effects brought by MSCs and PVA-CNTs. The PVA-CNTs and PVA-PPy are promising scaffolds with electric conductive properties, bio- and cytocompatible that might prevent the secondary neurogenic muscular atrophy by improving the reestablishment of the neuro-muscular junction. | Jorge Ribeiro Tiago Pereira Ana Rita Caseiro Paulo Armada-da-Silva Isabel Pires Justina Prada Irina Amorim Sandra Amado Miguel Franca Carolina Goncalves Maria Ascensao Lopes Jose Domingos Santos Dina Morais Silva Stefano Geuna Ana Lúcia Luís Ana Colette Maurício | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，6： | 2 |
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