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| 1 | 泪道探通对三个年龄组的先天性鼻泪管阻塞患者的疗效(英文)显示文摘目的:比较泪道探通治疗对三个年龄组的先天性鼻泪管阻塞患者的成功率。方法:共180例先天性鼻泪管阻塞患者根据年龄分为3组, Ⅰ组(4 ~6mo), Ⅱ组(7 ~12mo)和Ⅲ组(13 ~24mo),均行泪道探通治疗。症状体征均消失为治疗成功的标准。用卡方检验分析结果。结果:Ⅰ组治疗成功率为100.0%, Ⅱ组治疗成功率为88.5%,Ⅲ组治疗成功率为82.3%,总的治愈率为90.7%。结论:泪道探通治疗的有效性随着年龄的增加降低。在6mo时行泪道探通治疗的孩子成功率最高,能完全消除症状。 | Siddiqa Gul Syed Asher Dabir Shafi Muhammad Jatoi Ashok Kumar Narsani Mahatab Alam | 2008 | 国际眼科杂志2008，8，5： | 8 |
| 2 | Landslide inventory and susceptibility modelling using geospatial tools,in Hunza-Nagar valley,northern Pakistan显示文摘A comprehensive landslide inventory and susceptibility maps are prerequisite for developing and implementing landslide mitigation strategies. Landslide susceptibility maps for the landslides prone regions in northern Pakistan are rarely available. The Hunza-Nagar valley in northern Pakistan is known for its frequent and devastating landslides. In this paper, we have developed a landslide inventory map for Hunza-Nagar valley by using the visual interpretation of the SPOT-5 satellite imagery and mapped a total of 172 landslides. The landslide inventory was subsequently divided into modelling and validation data sets. For the development of landslide susceptibility map seven discrete landslide causative factors were correlated with the landslide inventory map using weight of evidence and frequency ratio statistical models. Four different models of conditional independence were used for the selection of landslide causative factors. The produced landslides susceptibility maps were validated by the success rate and area under curves criteria. The prediction power of the models was also validated with the prediction rate curve. The validation results shows that the success rate curves of the weight of evidence and the frequency models are 82% and 79%, respectively. The prediction accuracy results obtained from this study are 84% for weight of evidence model and 80% for the frequency ratio model. Finally, the landslide susceptibility index maps were classified into five different varying susceptibility zones. The validation and prediction result indicates that the weight of evidence and frequency ratio model are reliable to produce an accurate landslide susceptibility map, which may be helpful for landslides management strategies. | Alam Sher BACHA Muhammad SHAFIQUE Harald van der WERFF | 2018 | Journal of Mountain Science2018，15，6： | 8 |
| 3 | NS1 antigen: A new beam of light in the early diagnosis of dengue infection显示文摘Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and Ig M antibodies detection by ELISA. Results: A total of 1 270 serum samples were tested 86%(1 097/1 270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64%(807/1 270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52%(662/1 270), 51%(646/1 270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and Ig M ELISA respectively.Conclusions: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation. | Muhammad Suleman Rani Faryal Muhammad Masroor Alam Salmaan Sharif Shahzad Shaukat Uzma Bashir Aamir Adnan Khurshid Mehar Angez Massab Umair Mian Muhammad Sufian Yasir Arshad Ghulam Mujtaba Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2016，9，12： | 6 |
| 4 | 细菌性角膜溃疡的医院流行病学,诱因和微生物诊断(英文)显示文摘目的:确定细菌性角膜溃疡的发病诱因,临床和微生物特性。方法:本研究涉及300例(300眼)临床上疑似微生物感染的角膜溃疡患者。通过病史回顾和裂隙灯检查获得病例资料。采用标准技术完成角膜刮片检查。取部分刮片样本加入100g/L的氢氧化钾液后,以及采用革兰氏和吉姆萨染色,再直接在显微镜下观察是否存在真菌、细菌和棘阿米巴。另一部分刮片样本直接接种在血琼脂、麦康基琼脂、巧克力琼脂和萨布罗琼脂表面。通过角膜刮片检查,细菌性角膜溃疡被确诊为化脓性角膜溃疡浸润和表层上皮细胞缺失伴细菌感染。对患者应用抗菌治疗。结果:在随访期间,因丢失而被排除的有60个病例。在剩下的240人中,被确诊为细菌性角膜溃疡的156人(65%),大多数为男性(102眼),年龄分布14~74岁。角膜溃疡位于角膜中央的96人(61.5%),位于外周的60人(38.5%)。溃疡深度<1/3角膜厚度的82人(52.6%)。前房炎症为:Tyndall现象和浮游细胞1+~2+64人。角膜涂片中分离出细菌的有125人(80%),其中69%为革兰氏阳性,39%为革兰氏阴性。革兰氏阴性菌感染患者伴有重症前房炎症(P=0.003)并且深度>2/3角膜厚度(P=0.001)。分离得到的最常见致病微生物为金黄色葡萄球菌。治疗后40%的患者视力恢复到入院时的水平甚至更好,其余60%的患者预后差。结论:细菌性角膜溃疡是一种严重的眼部感染性疾病,对眼部存在视力威胁,在治疗上仍具挑战性。快速分离细菌和眼部抗生素的应用是治疗此类疾病的关键。 | Ashok Kumar Narsani Shafi Muhammad Jatoi Mahesh Kumar Lohana Syed Asher Dabir Siddiqa Gul Mahtab Alam Khanzada | 2009 | 国际眼科杂志2009，9，3： | 6 |
| 5 | e-antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B in Bangladesh显示文摘BACKGROUND:Bangladesh is a densely populated country where about 10 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV).The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biochemical,virological and histological characteristics of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). METHODS:Patients were included in this study if they were chronically infected with HBV with detectable DNA.The patients who were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus,hepatitis delta virus or hepatitis C virus,and previously subjected to antiviral treatment,and those with hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded.The study was conducted during the period of January 2001 to December 2007.During this period 2617 patients with CHB were studied.HBeAg-positive cases were included to compare the characteristics.Among them,237 cases underwent liver biopsy. RESULTS:2296 patients(87.7%)were male,with a mean age of 28.9±13.7 years.2375 patients(90.8%)had CHB,and 242(9.2%)were cirrhotic.HBV DNA levels were 7.6±1.5 copies/ml,ALT was 111.3±212.5 U/L,and AST was 91.5± 148.9 U/L.The number of HBeAg-negative CHB cases was 1039(39.7%).HBeAg-negative patients with a lower DNA load were older,and they had more fibrotic changes in the liver than HBeAg-positive patients.The two groups did not differ in necroinflammatory activity,but the former had lower ALT and AST values.Cirrhosis was more common in e-antigen-negative patients.CONCLUSIONS:e-antigen-negative CHB patients are older and have more hepatic fibrosis patients than HBeAg-positive patients,although they have similar necroinflammatory activity. | Nooruddin Ahmad Shahinul Alam Golam Mustafa Abul Barkat Muhammad Adnan Rahat Hasan Baig Mobin Khan | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，4： | 6 |
| 6 | Gut microbiota mediated molecular events and therapy in liver diseases显示文摘Gut microbiota is a community of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinaltract. An increasing number of studies has demonstrated that the gutliveraxis plays a critical role in liver homeostasis. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota cancause liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liverdisease. Preclinical and clinical investigations have substantiated that themetabolites and other molecules derived from gut microbiota and diet interactionfunction as mediators to cause liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and final cancer. This effecthas been demonstrated to be associated with dysregulation of intrahepaticimmunity and liver metabolism. Targeting these findings have led to thedevelopment of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Here, we review thecellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated impacton liver disease. We also summarize the advancement of gut microbiota-basedtherapeutic strategies in the control of liver diseases. | Xiaoqiang Qi Ming Yang Joseph Stenberg Rahul Dey Leslie Fogwe Muhammad Shawkat Alam Eric TKimchi Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll Guangfu Li | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，48： | 5 |
| 7 | 温和提取法评估老化前后土壤中菲的生物有效性显示文摘采用温和溶剂提取方法对不同老化时间土壤中的菲进行提取,研究了正丁醇、二氯甲烷、2-羟丙基-β-环糊精(2-Hydroxypropyl-beta cyclodextrin,HPCD)提取量与生物吸收之间的相关性。结果表明,温和有机溶剂(二氯甲烷、正丁醇)提取与温和HPCD提取法对菲的提取量与蚯蚓蓄积量有很好的相关性(p<0.05)。与其他温和试剂提取相比,温和正丁醇提取可以更好地预测菲在土壤中的生物有效性。 | 张聪恺 Muhammad Imran Khan Sardar Alam Cheema 沈超峰 唐先进 申开丽 陈蕾 陈新才 施积炎 陈英旭 | 2011 | 土壤学报2011，48，1： | 5 |
| 8 | Landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment using multiple statistical approaches along the Karakoram highway,northern Pakistan显示文摘China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)is a framework of regional connectivity,which will not only benefit China and Pakistan but will have positive impact on Iran,Afghanistan,India,Central Asian Republic,and the region.The surrounding area in CPEC is prone to frequent disruption by geological hazards mainly landslides in northern Pakistan.Comprehensive landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment are rarely available to utilize for landslide mitigation strategies.This study aims to utilize the high-resolution satellite images to develop a comprehensive landslide inventory and subsequently develop landslide susceptibility maps using multiple techniques.The very high-resolution(VHR)satellite images are utilized to develop a landslide inventory using the visual image classification techniques,historic records and field observations.A total of 1632 landslides are mapped in the area.Four statistical models i.e.,frequency ratio,artificial neural network,weights of evidence and logistic regression were used for landslide susceptibility modeling by comparing the landslide inventory with the topographic parameters,geological features,drainage and road network.The developed landslides susceptibility maps were verified using the area under curve(AUC)method.The prediction power of the model was assessed by the prediction rate curve.The success rate curves show 93%,92.8%,92.7%and 87.4%accuracy of susceptibility maps for frequency ratio,artificial neural network,weights of evidence and logistic regression,respectively.The developed landslide inventory and susceptibility maps can be used for land use planning and landslide mitigation strategies. | Mian Luqman HUSSAIN Muhammad SHAFIQUE Alam Sher BACHA CHEN Xiao-qing CHEN Hua-yong | 2021 | Journal of Mountain Science2021，18，3： | 4 |
| 9 | Location-allocation modeling for emergency evacuation planning with GIS and remote sensing:A case study of Northeast Bangladesh显示文摘This work developed models to identify optimal spatial distribution of emergency evacuation centers(EECs)such as schools,colleges,hospitals,and fire stations to improve flood emergency planning in the Sylhet region of northeastern Bangladesh.The use of location-allocation models(LAMs)for evacuation in regard to flood victims is essential to minimize disaster risk.In the first step,flood susceptibility maps were developed using machine learning models(MLMs),including:Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation(LM-BP)neural network and decision trees(DT)and multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)method.Performance of the MLMs and MCDM techniques were assessed considering the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)curve.Mathematical approaches in a geographic information system(GIS)for four well-known LAM problems affecting emergency rescue time are proposed:maximal covering location problem(MCLP),the maximize attendance(MA),p-median problem(PMP),and the location set covering problem(LSCP).The results showed that existing EECs were not optimally distributed,and that some areas were not adequately served by EECs(i.e.,not all demand points could be reached within a 60-min travel time).We concluded that the proposed models can be used to improve planning of the distribution of EECs,and that application of the models could contribute to reducing human casualties,property losses,and improve emergency operation. | Mahfuzur Rahman Ningsheng Chen MdMonirul Islam Ashraf Dewan Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Rana Muhammad AliWashakh Nirdesh Nepal Shufeng Tian Hamid Faiz Mehtab Alam Naveed Ahmed | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，3： | 3 |
| 10 | Flooding and its relationship with land cover change, population growth, and road density显示文摘Bangladesh experiences frequent hydro-climatic disasters such as flooding.These disasters are believed to be associated with land use changes and climate variability.However,identifying the factors that lead to flooding is challenging.This study mapped flood susceptibility in the northeast region of Bangladesh using Bayesian regularization back propagation(BRBP)neural network,classification and regression trees(CART),a statistical model(STM)using the evidence belief function(EBF),and their ensemble models(EMs)for three time periods(2000,2014,and 2017).The accuracy of machine learning algorithms(MLAs),STM,and EMs were assessed by considering the area under the curve—receiver operating characteristic(AUC-ROC).Evaluation of the accuracy levels of the aforementioned algorithms revealed that EM4(BRBP-CART-EBF)outperformed(AUC>90%)standalone and other ensemble models for the three time periods analyzed.Furthermore,this study investigated the relationships among land cover change(LCC),population growth(PG),road density(RD),and relative change of flooding(RCF)areas for the period between 2000 and 2017.The results showed that areas with very high susceptibility to flooding increased by 19.72%between 2000 and 2017,while the PG rate increased by 51.68%over the same period.The Pearson correlation coefficient for RCF and RD was calculated to be 0.496.These findings highlight the significant association between floods and causative factors.The study findings could be valuable to policymakers and resource managers as they can lead to improvements in flood management and reduction in flood damage and risks. | Mahfuzur Rahman Chen Ningsheng Golam Iftekhar Mahmud Md Monirul Islam Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Hilal Ahmad Jules Maurice Habumugisha Rana Muhammad Ali Washakh Mehtab Alam Enlong Liu Zheng Han Huayong Ni Tian Shufeng Ashraf Dewan | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，6： | 3 |
| 11 | Comparative investigation of the free radical scavenging potential and anticancer property of Diospyros blancoi(Ebenaceae)显示文摘Objective: To investigate the comparative effects of Diospyros blancoi(Ebenaceae)leaves(DBL), root bark(DBRB) and stem bark(DBSB) on free radicals and cancer.Methods: The polyphenol contents, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties were determined using standard spectrophotometric methods. Cytotoxicity and anticancer activities were performed on brine shrimp nauplii and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cells, respectively.Results: Among the extracts, DBSB showed the highest total antioxidant capacity and reducing capacity on ferrous ion. Based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, DBSB showed(95.760 ± 0.343)% and(67.460 ± 2.641)%scavenging with IC50of(3.10 ± 0.17) and(50.00 ± 3.11) mg/m L, respectively. The IC50 values of standard butylated hydroxytoluene and catechin(CA) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals were(8.50 ± 0.25) and(75.00 ± 0.14) mg/m L,respectively suggesting that DBSB had a significant(P < 0.05) radical scavenging activity than standards. In lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, the inhibitory activity of the extracts and the standard was in the following order: DBSB > DBRB > CA > DBL.Also, the phenolic [(139.91 ± 3.924) mg gallic acid equivalent/g] and flavonoid contents[(412.00 ± 16.70) mg catechin equivalent/g)] of DBSB were higher than that of other extracts. In addition, the DBSB showed the moderate cytotoxic and anticancer properties.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Diospyros blancoi stem bark had the significant highest antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties as well as moderate anticancer activity.Hence, we assume that the anticancer activity of this plant can be, at least in part, attributed to its content in phenolic compounds as well as its significant free radical scavenging properties. | Muhammad Ali Khan Mahbubur Rahman Nazmul Sardar Saiful Islam Arman Badrul Islam Jahangir Alam Khandakar Mamunur Rashid Golam Sadik AHM Khurshid Alam | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，5： | 3 |
| 12 | Surviving Blood Loss Without Fluid Resuscitation显示文摘 | Christian Shults Elizabeth A. Sailhamer Yongqing Li Baoling Liu Malek Tabbara Muhammad Umar Butt Fahad Shuja Marc deMoya George Velmahos Hasan B. Alam | 2008 | The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care2008，，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Environmental investigation of potentially pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Seto-Inland Sea, Japan显示文摘 | Muhammad Jahangir Alam Ken-Ichi Tomochika Shin-Ichi Miyoshi Sumio Shinoda | 2002 | FEMS Microbiology Letters2002，，1： | 2 |
| 14 | 巴基斯坦海德拉巴124例眼球穿通伤的临床分析(英文)显示文摘目的:分析眼球穿通伤的常见病因,确定这些病例的最终视力。方法:总共124例(124眼)年龄为6 ~60岁的眼球穿通伤患者就诊于Liaquat大学眼科,分析眼球穿通伤的常见病因及最终视力。结果:本研究包括124例眼球穿通伤患者,平均年龄35(6 ~60)岁,男性为主,占86.3%,大多数患者小于20岁(71%)。眼球穿通伤最常见于职工,占76%。51%的患者最佳矫正视力位于光感至0.1之间。我们可靠记录了124例患者的最初视力和最终视力,结果发现不良的最终视力和差的最初视力之间关系密切。结论:眼球穿通伤是一种常见事故,尤其发生在青年男性中,常导致患者眼视力下降。缺乏保护措施的工作环境和儿童玩耍危险物品是常致严重的眼外伤的原因。 | Ashok Kumar Narsani Syed Asher Dabir Siddiqa Gul Shafi Muhammad Jatoi Mahtab Alam Khanzada Mahesh Kumar | 2008 | 国际眼科杂志2008，8，11： | 2 |
| 15 | Rice molecular markers and genetic mapping:Current status and prospects显示文摘Dramatic changes in climatic conditions that supplement the biotic and abiotic stresses pose severe threat to the sustainable rice production and have made it a difficult task for rice molecular breeders to enhance production and productivity under these stress factors. The main focus of rice molecular breeders is to understand the fundamentals of molecular pathways involved in complex agronomic traits to increase the yield. The availability of complete rice genome sequence and recent improvements in rice genomics research has made it possible to detect and map accurately a large number of genes by using linkage to DNA markers. Linkage mapping is an effective approach to identify the genetic markers which are co-segregating with target traits within the family. The ideas of genetic diversity, quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping, and marker-assisted selection(MAS) are evolving into more efficient concepts of linkage disequilibrium(LD) also called association mapping and genomic selection(GS), respectively. The use of cost-effective DNA markers derived from the fine mapped position of the genes for important agronomic traits will provide opportunities for breeders to develop high-yielding, stress-resistant, and better quality rice cultivars. Here we focus on the progress of molecular marker technologies, their application in genetic mapping and evolution of association mapping techniques in rice. | Ghulam Shabir Kashif Aslam Abdul Rehman Khan Muhammad Shahid Hamid Manzoor Sibgha Noreen Mueen Alam Khan Muhammad Baber Muhammad Sabar Shahid Masood Shah Muhammad Arif | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017，16，9： | 2 |
| 16 | Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes allow adaptation of mitochondrial metabolism to glucose availability in the liver显示文摘Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes(MAM)play a key role in mitochondrial dynamics and function and in hepatic insulin action.Whereas mitochondria are important regulators of energy metabolism,the nutritional regulation of MAM in the liver and its role in the adaptation of mitochondria physiology to nutrient availability are unknown.In this study,we found that the fasted to postprandial transition reduced the number of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact points in mouse liver.Screening of potential hormonal/metabolic signals revealed glucose as the main nutritional regulator of hepatic MAM integrity both in vitro and in vivo.Glucose reduced organelle interactions through the pentose phosphate-protein phosphatase 2A(PP-PP2A)pathway,induced mitochondria fission,and impaired respiration.Blocking MAM reduction counteracted glucose-induced mitochondrial alterations.Furthermore,disruption of MAM integrity mimicked effects of glucose on mitochondria dynamics and function.This glucose-sensing system is deficient in the liver of insulin-resistant ob/ob and cyclophilin D-KO mice,both characterized by chronic disruption of MAM integrity,mitochondrial fission,and altered mitochondrial respiration.These data indicate that MAM contribute to the hepatic glucose-sensing system,allowing regulation of mitochondria dynamics and function during nutritional transition.Chronic disruption of MAM may participate in hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction associated with insulin resistance. | Pierre Theurey Emily Tubbs Guillaume Vial Julien Jacquemetton Nadia Bendridi Marie-Agnes Chauvin Muhammad Rizwan Alam Muriel Le Romancer Hubert Vidal Jennifer Rieusset | 2016 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 17 | Histone deacetylase inhibitors prevent apoptosis following lethal hemorrhagic shock in rodent kidney cells显示文摘 | Nikolaos Zacharias Elizabeth A. Sailhamer Yongqing Li Baoling Liu Muhammad U. Butt Fahad Shuja George C. Velmahos Marc de Moya Hasan B. Alam | 2010 | Resuscitation2010，，1： | 2 |
| 18 | An investigation of the effects of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on the properties of water-based drilling fluid显示文摘The deterioration of drilling fluid properties during deep drilling causes problems like inefficient cutting removal,fluid invasion,and shale swelling,which increases non-productive time(NPT)and cost.Recently nanoparticles(NPs)based drilling fluid are introduced to address these impediments since these particles prove their advantages in different stages of petroleum exploration and recovery.Previous developments are concerned with the use of commercial zinc oxide(ZnO)NPs in inorganic KCl salt-based drilling fluid,although application of KCl in drilling fluid arouses environmental complications.In this study,ZnO NPs prepared in the laboratory are used in water-based drilling fluid(WBDF)to assess the effect of nanoparticles on the properties of drilling fluid at two temperature conditions of 40C and 80C.A base mud is formulated,and ZnO NPs with five different concentrations of 0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 wt%are mixed with the base mud.The experimental analysis shows that NPs improve the rheological properties of WBDF.When the concentration of NPs was 0.1 wt%,the yield point increased by 61.54%at 40C,and when the concentration of NPs was 0.05 wt%,the yield point increased by 60%at 80C.Besides,when the concentration of NPs is 0.05 wt%,10-sec gel strengths are enhanced by 25%and 50%at 40C and 80C,respectively.The API low-pressure low-temperature(LPLT)filter volume is not significantly affected by the addition of NPs in WBDF.However,mud cake thickness continuously reduces with the increase of NPs concentrations.This result reveals that a superior rheological improvement is achieved at low NPs concentration(0.05 wt%)at higher temperature. | Muhammad Hasibul Ahasan MdFazla Alahi Alvi Nayem Ahmed Md.Saiful Alam | 2022 | Petroleum Research2022，7，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Assessment of Pyrene Bioavailabili- ty in Soil by Mild Hydroxypropyl-13-Cyclodextrin Ex- traction 显示文摘 | Muhammad Imran Khan Sardar Alam Cheema Cha- ofeng Shen | 2011 | Archives of Environmental Contamina- tion and Toxicology2011，60，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Anomalous Ionospheric foF2 Variations Observed Prior to the Dalbandin Earthquake in Pakistan显示文摘Ionosphereic foF2 variations are very sensitive to the seismic effect and results of ionospheric perturbations associated with earthquakes seem to very hopeful for short-term earthquake prediction. On January 18,2011 at 20: 23 UT a great earthquake( M = 7. 2)occurred in Dalbandin( 28. 73° N,63. 92° E),Pakistan. In this study,we have tried to find out the features of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies by using the hourly day time( 08. 00 a. m.- 05. 00 p. m.) data of critical frequency( foF2) obtained by three vertical sounding stations installed in Islamabad( 33. 78°N,73. 06°E),Multan( 32. 26°N,71. 51°E) and Karachi( 24. 89° N,67. 02° E), Pakistan. The results show the significant anomalies of foF2 in the earthquake preparation zone several days prior to the Dalbandin earthquake. It is also observed that the amplitude and frequency of foF2 anomalies are more prominent at the nearest station to the epicenter as compared to those stations near the outer margin of the earthquake preparation zone. The confidence level for ionospheric anomalies regarding the seismic signatures can be enhanced by adding the analysis of some other ionospheic parameters along with critical frequency of the layer F2. | Muhammad Irfan Aftab Alam Muhammad Junaid Muhammad Ayyaz Ameen Talat Iqbal Huang Fuqiong | 2015 | Earthquake Research in China2015，29，4： | 1 |
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