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| 1 | 卒中存活者体力活动和锻炼建议:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘目的这份科学声明为卒中存活者的体力活动和锻炼建议提供了一份证据纵览。证据提示,卒中存活者会经历体力下降(physical deconditioning)并导致久坐的生活方式。因此,本更新版科学声明旨在为医务人员提供全面的指导,使其更好地理解体力活动的益处,并为卒中存活者各个恢复阶段的锻炼方案提供推荐意见。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和AHA手稿监督委员会任命。作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对现有的证据进行总结并指出目前的知识空白。结果卒中后体力活动不足非常普遍。大量证据明确支持对卒中存活者进行运动训练,包括有氧运动和力量训练。运动训练能改善功能能力、日常生活活动的执行能力以及生活质量,同时降低随后的心血管事件风险。卒中存活者的体力活动目标和锻炼方案需个体化制定以最大限度地增高长期依从性。结论写作组给出的推荐是,体力活动和锻炼方案应融入卒中存活者的治疗。卒中存活者体力活动的推动应强调低到中等强度的有氧活动、增强肌肉力量、减少久坐的生活方式以及对卒中二级预防的危险因素管理。 | Sandra A. Billinger Ross Arena Julie Bemhardt Janice J. Eng Barry A. Franklin Cheryl Mortag Johnson Marilyn MacKay-Lyons Richard F. Macko Gillian E. Mead Elliot J. Roth Marianne Shaughnessy Ada Tang 孙新亭 张通 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，10： | 80 |
| 2 | Nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant system along a precipitationgradient in the Kalahari sands显示文摘 | Aranibar J N Otter L Macko S A Feral C J W Epstein H E | 2004 | Global Change Biology2004，10，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Hemiparetic gait pa- rameters in overground versus treadmill walking显示文摘 | Harris-Love ML Forrester LW Macko RF | 2001 | Neurorehabil Neural Repair2001，15，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Variability of stable carbon isotopic compositions in individual fatty acids from combustion of Ca and C3 plants: implications for biomass burning 显示文摘 | Ballentine D C Macko S A Turekian V C | 1998 | Chemical Geology1998，152，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Structural Effects of Amines on the Photo-oxidative Degradation of Polybenzoxazines 显示文摘 | Macko J A Ishida H | 2001 | Polymer2001，42，15： | 1 |
| 6 | Treadmill exercise rehabilitation improves ambulatory function and cardiovascular fitness in patients with chronic stroke:a randomized,controlled trial显示文摘 | Macko RF Ivey FM Forrester LW | 2005 | Stroke2005，36，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Impairments of the protein C system and fibrinolysis in infection-associated stroke显示文摘 | AMERISO SF GRUBER A | 1996 | Stroke1996，27，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Isotopic evidence for reduced productivity in the glacial Southern Ocean显示文摘 | Shemesh A Macko S A Charles C D | 1993 | Science1993，262，： | 1 |
| 9 | Nitrate reduction during ground-water recharge, Southern High Plains, Texas 显示文摘 | Fryar A E Macko S A William F | 2000 | J Contam Hydrol2000，40，： | 1 |
| 10 | Correlations between Foliar δ15N and Nitrogen Concentrations May Indicate Plant-mycorrhizal Interactions 显示文摘 | Erik A Hobbie Stephen A Macko Mathew Wi-lliams | 2000 | Oecologia2000，122，： | 1 |
| 11 | Task-oriented aerobic exer-cise in chronic hemiparetic stroke: training protocols and treat- ment effects 显示文摘 | Macko RF Ivey FM Forrester LW | 2005 | Top Stroke Rehabil2005，12，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Treadmill exercise rehabilitation improves ambulatory function and cardiovaScular fitness in patients with chronic stroke:a randomized,controlled trail显示文摘 | Macko RF lvey FM Forester LW | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant system along a precipitation gradient inthe Kalahari sands显示文摘 | Aranibar JN Otter L Macko SA | 2004 | Glob Change Biol2004，10，： | 1 |
| 14 | Impairments of the protein C system, and fibrinolysis in infection - associated stroke 显示文摘 | Macko RE Ameriso SF Gruber A | 1996 | Stroke1996，27，： | 1 |
| 15 | Impairment of the protein C system fibrinolysis in infection-associated stroke显示文摘 | Ameriso SF Gruber A | 1996 | Stroke1996，27，： | 1 |
| 16 | Roles of insulin signaling and p38 MAPK in the activation by lithium of glucose transport in insulin resistant rat skeletal muscle显示文摘 | Macko AR Beneze AN Teachey M | 2008 | Arch Physiol Biochem2008，114，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in stroke survivors显示文摘 | Ryan AS Macko RF Peters MN | 2009 | J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis2009，18，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in suspended particles and colloids, chesapeake and San Francisco Estuaries, U S A显示文摘 | Sigleo A C and Macko S A | 2002 | Estuar Coast Shelf Sci2002，54，： | 1 |
| 19 | Treadmill exercise activates subcortical neural networks and improves walking after stroke : a randomized controlled trial 显示文摘 | Luft AR Macko RF Jorrester LW | 2008 | Stroke2008，39，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Aerobic exercise recommendations to optimize best practices in care after stroke显示文摘 | Mac Kay-Lyons M Macko R Eng J | 2013 | Halifax2013，237，6： | 1 |
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