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| 1 | Diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome distinguishable by 16S rRNA gene phylotype quantification显示文摘AIM:To study whether selected bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene phylotypes are capable of disting- uishing irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). METHODS:The faecal microbiota of twenty volunteers with IBS,subdivided into eight diarrhoea-predominant (IBS-D),eight constipation-predominant(IBS-C)and four mixed symptom-subtype(IBS-M)IBS patients,and fifteen control subjects,were analysed at three time-points with a set of fourteen quantitative real-timepolymerase chain reaction assays.All assays targeted 16S rRNA gene phylotypes putatively associated with IBS,based on 16S rRNA gene library sequence analysis. The target phylotypes were affiliated with Actinobac-teria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.Eight of the target phylotypes had less than 95%similarity to cultured bacterial species according to their 16S rRNA gene sequence.The data analyses were made with repeated-measures ANCOVA-type modelling of the data and principle component analysis(PCA)with linear mixed-effects models applied to the principal component scores. RESULTS:Bacterial phylotypes Clostridium cocleatum 88%,Clostridium thermosuccinogenes 85%,Coprobacillus catenaformis 91%,Ruminococcus bromii-like, Ruminococcus torques 91%,and R.torques 93%were detected from all samples analysed.A multivariate analysis of the relative quantities of all 14 bacterial 16S rRNA gene phylotypes suggested that the intestinal microbiota of the IBS-D patients differed from other sample groups.The PCA on the first principal component(PC1),explaining 30.36%of the observed variation in the IBS-D patient group,was significantly altered from all other sample groups(IBS-D vs control, P=0.01;IBS-D vs IBS-M,P=0.00;IBS-D vs IBS-C, P=0.05).Significant differences were also observed in the levels of distinct phylotypes using relative values in proportion to the total amount of bacteria.A phy- lotype with 85%similarity to C.thermosuccinogenes was quantified in significantly different quantities among the IBS-D and control subjects(-4.08±0.90 vs -3.33±1.16,P=0.04)and IBS-D and IBS-M subjects (-4.08±0.90 vs-3.08±1.38,P=0.05).Furthermore,a phylotype with 94%similarity to R.torques was more prevalent in IBS-D patients'intestinal micro- biota than in that of control subjects(-2.43±1.49 vs -4.02±1.63,P=0.01).A phylotype with 93%simi- larity to R.torques was associated with control sam- ples when compared with IBS-M(-2.41±0.53 vs -2.92±0.56,P=0.00).Additionally,a R.bromii-like phylotype was associated with IBS-C patients in com- parison to control subjects(-1.61±1.83 vs-3.69± 2.42,P=0.01).All of the above mentioned phylotype specific alterations were independent of the effect of time. CONCLUSION:Significant phylotype level alterationsin the intestinal microbiotas of IBS patients were observed,further emphasizing the possible contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota in IBS. | Anna Lyra Teemu Rinttil Janne Nikkil Lotta Krogius-Kurikka Kajsa Kajander Erja Malinen Jaana Mtt Laura Mkel Airi Palva | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，47： | 26 |
| 2 | 对气候变暖响应下土壤CO_2释放的估计过高——老龄土壤有机质的分解具耐温性显示文摘本研究预测,相对于植被的净初级生产力(NPP)来说,随着全球变暖,有机质分解速度加快,土壤有机碳的贮藏速度将减少。因为土壤碳的含量是目前大气含量的两倍,而且从土壤中分解的碳要释放到大气中,因此,土壤碳贮量的减少会大量增加大气CO_2浓度。但是,土壤碳贮量减少的预测在很大程度上依赖于这样的隐含假设:所有土镶有机质的分解像新鲜凋落物的分解一样对温度较为敏感。我们测定了土壤碳的数量和年龄,以及沿温度梯度的凋落物的分解,并用一个简单的模型来描述土壤碳的动态,以显示老土壤有机质的分解阻抗温度的变化。因此,在对气候变暖的响应下,我们估算的分解速度的加快比从前预计的明显要低,并且预测北方森林土壤碳的贮量将增加。 | Jari Liski Annikki Mkel Carl Johan Westman 李叙勇 | 1999 | 人类环境杂志1999，28，2： | 16 |
| 3 | Identification of four novel DC-SIGN ligands on Mycobacterium bovis BCG显示文摘Dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin(DC-SIGN;CD209)has an important role in mediating adherence of Mycobacteria species,including M.tuberculosis and M.bovis BCG to human dendritic cells and macrophages,in which these bacteria can survive intracellularly.DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin,and interactions with mycobacterial cells are believed to occur via mannosylated structures on the mycobacterial surface.Recent studies suggest more varied modes of binding to multiple mycobacterial ligands.Here we identify,by affinity chromatography and mass-spectrometry,four novel ligands of M.bovis BCG that bind to DC-SIGN.The novel ligands are chaperone protein DnaK,60 kDa chaperonin-1(Cpn60.1),glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)and lipoprotein lprG.Other published work strongly suggests that these are on the cell surface.Of these ligands,lprG appears to bind DC-SIGN via typical proteinglycan interactions,but DnaK and Cpn60.1 binding do not show evidence of carbohydrate-dependent interactions.LprG was also identified as a ligand for DC-SIGNR(L-SIGN;CD299)and the M.tuberculosis orthologue of lprG has been found previously to interact with human toll-like receptor 2.Collectively,these findings offer new targets for combating mycobacterial adhesion and within-host survival,and reinforce the role of DCSIGN as an important host ligand in mycobacterial infection. | Maria V.Carroll Robert B.Sim Fabiana Bigi Anne Jäkel Robin Antrobus Daniel A.Mitchell | 2010 | Protein & Cell2010，1，9： | 7 |
| 4 | 李希霍芬对中国地质和地球科学的贡献(英文)显示文摘斐迪南·冯·李希霍芬出生于1833年。少年时的教育和生活环境使他对地质学产生了兴趣。当他还是小孩子的时候,就随父母游历了家乡的许多地方,并且利用暑假到阿尔卑斯去旅行。在柏林学习地质学的时候,就显示出他宽厚的知识基础,他很快就意识到对他而言,未来工作的目标就是成为一个科学家。1859年,为了获得财政支持进行欧洲以外地区的研究,李希霍芬申请参加了普鲁士政府向东亚派遣的一支探险队,开始了他最初对中国地质的研究。1862年当探险队的成员开始返回柏林,他独自到了上海开始他自己在中国的研究工作。只是由于太平天国起义,他的计划没能立即实现。1868年新年前夕,他和他的朋友对全球地质勘探的状况做了一个回顾,认为中国无论在科学上,还是在应用上都是最有研究价值的国家之一。于是他选择了中国作为他进行地质研究的对象。在参考大量文献的基础上,他制定了详细的研究方向和工作方法。李希霍芬希望建立一个系统的中国地质学的基础。他认为野外工作是第一位的。除了对可开采的矿床进行了估计,他还特别注意了中国煤炭沉积的储量和产量。在1868到1872年期间,他在中国先后进行了7次旅行。他是第一位对中国地质从基础上进行研究的外国地质学家。旅行的资金有一部分是来自加利福尼亚银行和上海商业会馆。他提交了一份地区经济信息的报告,这个报告包括了中国的交通、贸易路线,煤矿的形成、品位和储量、可采性以及在世界市场上的竞争力等。他重要的科学文献是关于经济、运输和人口地理学。从他的著作《中国》我们可以看出,他对于“丝绸之路”的命名是在汉学家、古典文献学家以及地图学家共同合作研究之前。在综合大量的文献后,他在地图上详细地标注了“丝绸之路”,并且讨论了汉朝及其以后历史时期内中国境内主要的贸易路线。由于丝绸一直都是重要的贸易商品,因此他把这条贸易路线称之为“丝绸之路”。对于社会、经济问题与地质问题的综合认识,使他同时又成为一个地理学家。李希霍芬和德国的地图工作者一起开创了一种新的地形的描绘方法,并且修正了当时的中国地图,使中国地图有了更为详尽的内容。对比当时在中国出版的地图,他们绘制的地图在很多方面是全新的,如他们采用图解法(graphicpresentationsofmontains)来代表山脉和其他的地形形态特征。在地质学领域,他绘制了中国地质图,及《中国地图集》中的地形图,连同后来出版的4卷《中国》书稿中大量的横断面和地层剖面,奠定了中国乃至东亚的地质学基础。但是他从来没有把制图作为他旅行的一个主要目的。对他来说,制图只是作为来证实他的野外观察的一个方法,以尽可能正确地体现出地貌的基本特征。李希霍芬到中国旅行的最主要的目的是研究中国地质。他是第一个把中国地质按着现代组成物的分布、序列,发展成为一个系统。可以认为,他是把中国地质学发展成为一门科学的创始人。古生物学和地层学的知识使他很快就认识到了中国地质结构的原理。他的综合知识使他可以在地图上系统地标绘出他所观察到的现象。他的主要成果集中体现在《中国地图集》中的27张地质图,《中国》书稿中另外14张地质图以及大量的剖面图。另外矿产资源也是他研究的主要的内容。他不仅研究了煤炭资源,同时也经常记录贵金属矿产资源。他是最早注意到中国黄土具有风成特征的地质学家。他在研究黄土剖面时,注意到大部分没有层理的沉积物都保存有大量的陆生软体动物的壳。由此,他得出与前人相反的结论,认为黄土不是湖相沉积物,而是风成沉积物。并以北美大草原所见到的草将粉尘固定的过程作为他风成假设的证据。他认为黄土沉积是草原环境下形成的,当时的植被是草原。并且认识到粉尘来源于西部和北部的中亚的沙漠地区。他只是没能将冰期、间冰期的粉尘沉积加以区分。他研究的另一个科学领域是地貌学。在地貌学中他是最先描述一些地表变化过程的先驱者之一。正如他一直意识到的自然与人类活动的相互关系一样,他同样将地球生态系统看作是地质结构、地貌过程、与气候有关的生态环境和人类活动所组成的一个复合体。他是最早萌生地球系统的科学思想的科学家。李希霍芬对中国的研究起初并没有得到人们的重视。直到他的《中国》出版以后,他对中国地质学和地理学的影响才明显起来:他的著作和地图很快就传入中国,在学术界被广泛地阅读和讨论;他的书是地质学和地理学专业的基础教材。不仅在中国,在世界范围内,他的发现也得到了认可,并获得了很高的评价。19世纪末,世界上没有哪个科学家像他那样了解中国和东亚。他也从一个地质学家成为一个跨越多个学科的大科学家,他的影响在他的那个时代体现在科学领域的很多学科之中。李希霍芬在中国现在仍然有很高的赞誉。他的方法学的研究以及他的《探险家指南》,对于年轻的地质科学工作者,仍然具有指导意义。他的地球系统科学的思想对当前土地退化、生态不平衡等环境问题的解决仍然起着指导性作用。 | Dieter Jkel | 2005 | 第四纪研究2005，25，4： | 6 |
| 5 | Keratinocytes costimulate naive human T cells via CD2: a potential target to prevent the development of proinflammatory Th1 cells in the skin显示文摘The interplay between keratinocytes and immune cells,especially T cells,plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases.During psoriasis,keratinocytes attract T cells by releasing chemokines,while skin-infiltrating selfreactive T cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines,e.g.,IFN γand IL-17A,that cause epidermal hyperplasia.Similarly,in chronic graftversus-host disease,allogenic IFN γ-producing Th1/Tc1 and IL-17-producing Th17/Tc17 cells are recruited by keratinocyte-derived chemokines and accumulate in the skin.However,whether keratinocytes act as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells to directly activate naive human T cells in the epidermis remains unknown.Here,we demonstrate that under proinflammatory conditions,primary human keratinocytes indeed activate naive human T cells.This activation required cell contact and costimulatory signaling via CD58/CD2 and CD54/LFA-1.Naive T cells costimulated by keratinocytes selectively differentiated into Th1 and Th17 cells.In particular,keratinocyte-initiated Th1 differentiation was dependent on costimulation through CD58/CD2.The latter molecule initiated STAT1 signaling and IFN γproduction in T cells.Costimulation of T cells by keratinocytes resulting in Th1 and Th17 differentiation represents a new explanation for the local enrichment of Th1 and Th17 cells in the skin of patients with a chronic inflammatory skin disease.Consequently,local interference with T cell–keratinocyte interactions may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of Th1 and Th17 cell-driven skin diseases. | Christian Orlik Daniel Deibel Johanna Küblbeck Emre Balta Sabina Ganskih Jüri Habicht Beate Niesler Jutta Schröder-Braunstein Knut Schäkel Guido Wabnitz Yvonne Samstag | 2020 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2020，17，4： | 4 |
| 6 | Surface-bound myeloperoxidase is a ligand for recognition of late apoptotic neutrophils by human lung surfactant proteins A and D显示文摘Surfactant proteins A(SP-A)and D(SP-D),both members of the collectin family,play a well established role in apoptotic cell recognition and clearance.Recent in vitro data show that SP-A and SP-D interact with apoptotic neutrophils in a distinct manner.SP-A and SP-D bind in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner to viable and early apoptotic neutrophils whereas the much greater interaction with late apoptotic neutrophils is Ca^(2+)-independent.Cell surface molecules on the apoptotic target cells responsible for these interactions had not been identified and this study was done to find candidate target molecules.Myeloperoxidase(MPO),a specific intracellular defense molecule of neutrophils that becomes exposed on the outside of the cell upon apoptosis,was identified by affinity purification,mass-spectrometry and western blotting as a novel binding molecule for SP-A and SP-D.To confirm its role in recognition,it was shown that purified immobilised MPO binds SP-A and SP-D,and that MPO is surface-exposed on late apoptotic neutrophils.SP-A and SP-D inhibit binding of an anti-MPO monoclonal Ab to late apoptotic cells.Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that anti-MPO mAb and SP-A/SP-D colocalise on late apoptotic neutrophils.Desmoplakin was identified as a further potential ligand for SP-A,and neutrophil defensin as a target for both proteins. | Anne Jäkel Howard Clark Kenneth B.M.Reid Robert B.Sim | 2010 | Protein & Cell2010，1，6： | 2 |
| 7 | Surfactant protein A (SP-A) binds to phosphatidylserine and competes with annexin V binding on late apoptotic cells显示文摘The role of surfactant protein A(SP-A)in the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells is well established,but to date,it is still not clear which surface molecules of apoptotic cells are involved in the process.Here we present evidence that phosphatidylserine(PS)is a relevant binding molecule for human SP-A.The binding is Ca^(2+)-dependent and is not inhibited by mannose,suggesting that the sugar-binding site of the carbohydrate recognition domain(CRD)of SP-A is not involved.Flow cytometry studies on apoptotic Jurkat cells revealed apparent inhibition of annexin V binding by increasing concentrations of SP-A in late apoptotic but not early apoptotic cells,and this was consistent for Jurkat cells and neutrophils.Supporting these data,confocal microscopy results show a co-localisation of annexin V and SP-A in late apoptotic but not early apoptotic cells.However,we cannot conclude that this inhibition is exclusively due to the binding of SP-A to PS on the cell surface,as annexin V is not wholly specific for PS and SP-A also interacts with other phospholipids that might become exposed on the apoptotic cell surface. | Anne Jäkel Kenneth B.M.Reid Howard Clark | 2010 | Protein & Cell2010，1，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Factors explaining the abundance of rodents in the city of Luang Prabang,Lao PDR,as revealed by field and household surveys显示文摘A field and a household survey, the latter of which included inspections and interviews with the residents of a totalof 1370 properties, were conducted in 2004 in 30 villages of the city of Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, in order to assessthe degree of rodent infestation and to identify potential factors influencing infestations. Roof rats, Rattus rattus,and the Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans, were the only rodents found in the city, and trapping results showed a cleardominance of roof rats (80–90% of all individuals). Measurements of rodent activity using tracking patchescorrelated positively with the trapping data, and revealed a significantly higher degree of rat infestation during therainy season (September) than during the dry season (November). If households in the vicinity of the samplinglocations were considered, villagers’ accounts of indoor rodent infestations recorded during the household surveycorrelated positively with measurements of rodent activity. At least every second household reported indoorinfestations. Using explorative statistical analyses (classification trees, factor analysis) we checked the predictiveor explanatory value of up to 28 variables assessed during household inspections for villagers’ observations onrodent infestation as the dependent variable. Trophic factors such as exposed food (indoors) and garbage (outdoors),and structural features such as open ceilings (indoors) and rat harborage in gardens (outdoors) ranked highest asexplanatory variables. Assessment of a small sample of roof rat droppings collected inside houses revealed thepresence of the potential disease agents Salmonella javiana, Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis and theparasitic nematode Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica). These results underline the need for anappropriate rodent management strategy for the city, whereby simple sanitation and rodent-proofing measurescould be cheap means of reducing rat infestation rates. | Prasartthong PROMKERD Yuvaluk KHOPRASERT Phongthep VIRATHAVONE Manivone THOUMMABOUTH Ouane SIRISAK Thomas JÄKEL | 2008 | Integrative Zoology2008，3，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model显示文摘 | H. M?kel?inen S. Forssten M. Saarinen J. Stowell N. Rautonen A. C. Ouwehand | 2009 | Beneficial Microbes2009，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Adjacent segment motion after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus Prodisc-c cervical total disk arthroplasty:analysis from a randomized,control ed trial显示文摘 | Kel y MP Mok JM Frisch RF | | 0，，1976： | 1 |
| 11 | Impaired postprandial glucose utilization in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mel itus显示文摘 | Kel ey D Mokan M Veneman T | | 0，，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Association Between Acute Statin Therapy, Survival, and Improved Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke: The North Dublin Population Stroke Study显示文摘 | Danielle Ní Chróinín Elizabeth L. Callaly Joseph Duggan áine Merwick Niamh Hannon órla Sheehan Michael Marnane Gillian Horgan Emma B. Williams Dawn Harris Lorraine Kyne Patricia M.E. McCormack Joan Moroney Tim Grant David Williams Leslie Daly Peter J. Kel | 2011 | Stroke2011，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Histamine H(4) re-ceptor activation on human slan-dendritic cells down-regulates theirpro-inflammatory capacity 显示文摘 | Gschwandtner M Scha'kel K Werfel T | 2011 | J Immunol2011，132，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Visual and Auditory Information Processing in Dyslexia: The Possibility of Subtypes显示文摘 | John M. Reddington Kel D. Cameron | 1991 | International Journal of Disability Development and Education1991，，2： | 1 |
| 15 | CME interactions with coronal holes and their interplanetary consequences显示文摘 | Gopalswamy N M?kel? P Xie H | 2009 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics2009，114，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Wa sh i ng platelets in neutral,calcium-free,Ringer's acetate显示文摘 | Kel ley W E E del m a n BB D r a che nb e rg CB | 2009 | Transfusion2009，49，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Relationship between upregulated oestrogen receptors and expression of growth factors in cultured,human,prostatic stromal cells exposed to estradiol or dihydrotestosterone显示文摘 | Smith P Rhodes NP Kel Y | 2004 | Prostate Cancer & Prostatic Diseases2004，7，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Crystal structures of the Mnk2 kinase domain reveal an inhibitory conformation and a zinc binding site显示文摘 | JAUCH R J KEL S NETTER C | 2005 | Structure2005，13，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Improved cerebral recovery from hypothermic circulatory arrest after remote ischemic preconditioning显示文摘 | Yannopoulos F S M?kel? T Niemel? E | 2010 | Ann Thorac Surg2010，90，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Functions of orexins in peripheral tissues显示文摘 | HEINONEN M V PURHONEN A K M(A)KEL(A) K A | 2008 | Acta Physiologica2008，192，4： | 1 |
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