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1Surface Nanocrystallization (SNC) of Metallic Materials-Presentation of the Concept behind a New Approach显示文摘In this paper, a concept of surface nanocrystallization (SNC) of metallic materials is introduced.Three types of SNC processes are classified. Different SNC mechanisms and possible techniques for SNC are discussed with emphasis on mechanically induced surface self-nanocrystallization.Further development and prospects are addressed with respect to the properties and behaviors of the materials with a nanocrystalline surface. Enhancement of the behavior of the engineering materials by means of the SNC technology and its industrial application possibilities are analyzed.Lu, K Lu, J 1999Journal of Materials Science & Technology1999,15,3:296
2北阿尔金巴什考供盆地南缘花岗杂岩体特征及锆石SHRIMP定年显示文摘北阿尔金巴什考供盆地南缘花岗杂岩体呈近东西向分布,长约49公里,出露面积约90平方公里,与围岩之间为明显的侵入接触关系,接触界线为不规则的渡状、锯齿状。围岩为前寒武纪砂岩、片岩、泥岩及凝灰质砂岩。该杂岩体主要由巨斑花岗岩、红色花岗岩、灰白色似斑状花岗岩和粉红色似斑状花岗岩组成。杂岩体的主元素含量变化不大,SiO2为65.14%- 75.66%,全碱含量为7.49-8.96%,K2O/Na2O比值为1.12-2.68,岩石的里特曼指数平均为2.34,CIPW标准矿物计算均出现刚玉(AC)(平均为1.78),说明岩石铝过饱和;杂岩体的稀土总量变化于89.44×10-6-335.28×10-6之间,不同岩石类型均有负铕异常,且从巨斑花岗岩→灰白色似斑状花岗岩→红色似斑状花岗岩→红色花岗岩,负铕异常越来越明显,表现在Eu/ Eu+值由0.65→0.51→0.48→0.30。在微量元素蛛网图上,所有样品的微量元素丰度均高于原始地幔值,并具有相似的配分模式,即在Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti处呈明显的低谷,显示出S型花岗岩的特征。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年得出,巨斑花岗岩、红色中细粒花岗岩、灰白色和粉红色似斑状花岗岩的年龄分别为474.3±6.8Ma、446.6±5.2Ma、434.5±3.8Ma和431.1±3.8Ma。结合区域地质特征,我们认为,该杂岩体形成于同碰撞-碰撞后的构造环境。吴才来 杨经绥 姚尚志 曾令森 陈松永 李海兵 戚学祥 Wooden J L Mazdab F K 2005岩石学报2005,21,3:85
3STAT3 as a target for inducing apoptosis in solid and hematological tumors显示文摘过去几年里的研究在恶意的转变和 tumorigenesis 为异常信号变换器的关键角色和抄写 3 的使活跃之物(STAT3 ) 提供了引人注目的证据。因此, STAT3 是在人的癌症形成的批评播放器之一并且为新奇的反癌症药设计代表一个有效目标,这现在通常被接受。这评论在支持肿瘤房间幸存并且支持恶意的显型集中于异常 STAT3 和它的角色。对怀有组成地活跃的 STAT3 的人的肿瘤为新奇的反癌症代理人的发展指向 STAT3 的当前的策略的简短评估将也被介绍。Al-Zaid-Siddiquee,K Turkson,J 2008Cell Research2008,18,2:72
4Morinda citrifolia (Noni): A literature review and recent advances in Noni research^1显示文摘Morinda citrifolia L(Noni) has been used in folk remedies by Polynesians for over 2000 years,and is reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects,including antibacterial,antiviral,antifungal,antitumor,antihelmin,analgesic,hypotensive,anti-inflammatory,and immune enhancing effects.In order to reveal the nutritional and medicinal value of the Noni plant,and to summarize scientific evidence that supports the Polynesians' claim,a literature review and recent advances in Noni research is given below.Brett J WEST CJarakae JENSEN Diane NOWICKI SU Chen Afa K PALU Gary ANDERSON 2002Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2002,23,12:80
5胱抑素C与肌酐在确定肾功能风险方面的作用显示文摘血肌酐联合胱抑素c确定估算的肾小球滤过率(estimatedglomerularfiltrationrate,eGFR),能够提高准确性,但其对不同人群慢性肾脏病检测、分期和风险分类的影响尚未确定。最近美国学者报告了一项荟萃分析,比较了胱抑素c与肌酐在确定肾功能风险方面的作用。Shlipak MG Matsushita K rnlv J 王建中 2013中华肾病研究电子杂志2013,2,5:60
6外刊拾贝显示文摘1.根据2018年美国糖尿病学会标准诊断中国糖尿病患病率:全国横断面研究目的:评估糖尿病患病率及其危险因素。设计:基于人群的横断面研究。背景:2015-2017年中国大陆31省份全国横断面数据。调查对象:75880名18周岁及以上代表中国大陆人口的成年人样本。主要观察指标:根据2018年美国糖尿病学会和世界卫生组织标准诊断中国成人不同性别、区域和种族的糖尿病患病率。通过问卷的方式记录调查对象的社会人口学信息、生活方式和疾病史。单忠艳 Li Y Teng D Shi X Ba J 王看然 李启富 Wang K Hu J Yang J 2020国际内分泌代谢杂志2020,40,5:42
7Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Symptoms,risk factors and mechanisms显示文摘Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment modality for different types of cancer and its use is expected to increase with advances in screening and early detection of cancer.Radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract is important factor working against better utility of this important therapeutic modality.Cancer survivors can suffer a wide variety of acute and chronic symptoms following radiotherapy,which significantly reduces their quality of life as well as adding an extra burden to the cost of health care.The accurate diagnosis and treatment of intestinal radiation injury often represents a clinical challenge to practicing physicians in both gastroenterology and oncology.Despite the growing recognition of the problem and some advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation injury,relatively little is known about the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal radiation injury or any possible susceptibility factors that could aggravate its severity.The aims of this review are to examine the various clinical manifestations of post-radiation gastrointestinal symptoms,to discuss possible patient and treatment factors implicated in normal gastrointestinal tissue radiosensitivity and to outline different mechanisms of intestinal tissue injury.Abobakr K Shadad Frank J Sullivan Joseph D Martin Laurence J Egan 2013World Journal of Gastroenterology2013,19,2:35
8AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) 2016实用药物与临床2016,19,10:37
9Nat Genet:单细胞分析解开结直肠癌细胞的神秘面纱显示文摘结合单细胞基因组学和计算机技术,一个研究团队(包括来自杰克逊实验室(JAx)单细胞生物学主任Paul Robson博士在内)鉴定出了11种结直肠癌肿瘤的癌细胞组成及邻近的非癌细胞。这对于更好的肿瘤靶向诊断和治疗很重要。”使用单细胞测序。”JAX科学家、这篇发表在Nature Genetics上的文章共同第一作者Elise Courtois说道。”我们可以根据肿瘤中的细胞组成将结直肠癌进一步分类。因为每种亚型的肿瘤病人生存率存在差别,我们的方法将为肿瘤医生提供更多的关于肿瘤预后和治疗的信息。”Huipeng Li, Elise T Courtois, Debarka Sengupta, Yuliana Tan Shyam Prabhakar Elise T Courtois, Yuliana Tan Paul Robson Debarka Sengupta Kok Hao Chen, Jolene Jie Lin Goh Paul Jongjoon Choi Say Li Kong, Axel M Hillmer Iain Beehuat Tan Clarinda Chua Iain Beehuat Tan Lim Kiat Hon Wah Siew Tan Mark Wong Lawrence J K Wee Iain Beehuat Tan Paul Robson Paul Robson Paul Robson 2017现代生物医学进展2017,17,15:37
10Tight junctions in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterised by inflammation that compromises the integrity of the epithelial barrier. The intestinal epithelium is not only a static barrier but has evolved complex mechanisms to control and regulate bacterial interactions with the mucosal surface. Apical tight junction proteins are critical in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function and control of paracellular permeability. The characterisation of alterations in tight junction proteins as key players in epithelial barrier function in inflammatory bowel diseases is rapidly enhancing our understanding of critical mechanisms in disease pathogenesis as well as novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we give an overview of recent literature focusing on the role of tight junction proteins, in particular claudins, in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer.Jonathan Landy Emma Ronde Nick English Sue K Clark Ailsa L Hart Stella C Knight Paul J Ciclitira Hafid Omar Al-Hassi 2016World Journal of Gastroenterology2016,22,11:39
11Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Prevention and treatment显示文摘With the recent advances in detection and treatment of cancer,there is an increasing emphasis on the efficacy and safety aspects of cancer therapy.Radiation therapy is a common treatment for a wide variety of cancers,either alone or in combination with other treatments.Ionising radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent side effect of radiation therapy and a considerable proportion of patients suffer acute or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms as a result.These side effects often cause morbidity and may in some cases lower the efficacy of radiotherapy treatment.Radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract can be minimised by either of two strategies:technical strategies which aim to physically shift radiation dose away from the normal intestinal tissues,and biological strategies which aim to modulate the normal tissue response to ionising radiation or to increase its resistance to it.Although considerable improvement in the safety of radiotherapy treatment has been achieved through the use of modern optimised planning and delivery techniques,biological techniques may offer additional further promise.Different agents have been used to prevent or minimize the severity of gastrointestinal injury induced by ionising radiation exposure,including biological,chemical and pharmacological agents.In this review we aim to discuss various technical strategies to prevent gastrointestinal injury during cancer radiotherapy,examine the different therapeutic options for acute and chronic gastrointestinal radiation injury and outline some examples of research directions and considerations for prevention at a pre-clinical level.Abobakr K Shadad Frank J Sullivan Joseph D Martin Laurence J Egan 2013World Journal of Gastroenterology2013,19,2:32
12文献快报(8):芬兰学龄前儿童抗生素使用与其肠道菌群的相关性研究显示文摘有研究表明,早期抗生素的使用增加了儿童肠炎、超重和哮喘的风险。成人试验研究表明,口服抗生素能明显改变肠道微生物菌群,减少菌群的多样性,改变菌群的构成,但其样本量非常有限。在新生儿中使用抗生素治疗者和未使用抗生素治疗者其体内肠道微生物菌群存在较大差异,但至今尚不清楚早期使用抗生素对儿童肠道微生物菌群的远期影响。korpela k salonen a virta l j 苏普玉(译) 2016中国学校卫生2016,37,8:31
13尿钠排泄、血压、心血管病与死亡率的关系:社区前瞻性流行病学队列研究显示文摘WHO建议人群钠摄人<2 g/d作为预防心血管病的措施之一,但这一目标在任何国家都没有实现。该建议主要基于短期血压试验的个体水平数据,没有来自随机试验或观察性研究的关于低钠摄入与降低心血管事件的数据。前瞻性城市农村流行病学研究目前正在21个国家进行。该文对其中18个国家的数据进行分析,其中包含了临床结果数据。Mente A O'Donnell M Rangarajan S McQueen M Dagenais G Wielgosz A Lear S Ah STL Wei L Diaz R Avezum A Lopez-Jaramillo P Lanas F Mony P Szuba A Iqbal R Yusuf R Mohammadifard N Khatib R Yusoff K Ismail N Gulec S Rosengren A Yusufali A Kruger L Tsolekile LP Chifamba J Dans A Alhabib KF Yeates K Teo K Yusuf S 刘莉 叶鹏 2018中华高血压杂志2018,26,12:29
14高地应力特厚煤层“蠕变型”冲击机理研究显示文摘多起'蠕变型'冲击事故分析表明:该类冲击属于典型的隐蔽性灾害,具有自发性和时滞性的特点,发生机理的不明导致其防治极具挑战,给深部特厚煤层的安全开采造成了严重威胁。'蠕变型'冲击与不稳定蠕变密切相关,通过建立蠕变模型和三维蠕变方程,得到高地应力与特厚煤层为不稳定蠕变的形成提供了有利的孕育条件;分析了巷道围岩不稳定蠕变破坏的过程,认为不稳定蠕变通过强度'腐蚀'和应力解除2方面实现启动冲击和减小阻抗,从而在受外部静态应力叠加影响的巷道薄弱区域形成'蠕变型'冲击,并提出了判别其发生可能性的评估公式。针对这类冲击的发生机理,提出了针对性的防治措施建议:合理布置巷道、加强主动支护、优化卸压参数和长期监测。姜福兴 2015岩土工程学报2015,37,10:30
15Bt水稻对飞虱和叶蝉及其卵寄生蜂扩散规律的影响显示文摘研究了Bt水稻两个纯合品系TT9-3和TT9-4在田间对飞虱、叶蝉及其卵寄生蜂扩散规律的影响。结果表明:在Bt稻区与对照(IR72)区间相互扩散的飞虱有白背飞虱(Sogatellafurcifea)、褐飞虱(Nilaparvatalugens);叶蝉有黑尾叶蝉(Nephotetixcincticeps)、白翅叶蝉(Erythroneurasubrufa)和电光叶蝉(Deltpcephalusdorsalis);其中以白背飞虱和黑尾叶蝉为主。扩散数量叶蝉多于飞虱;扩散方向以Bt稻区向对照区扩散为主,其中TT9-3与IR72、TT9-4与IR72间白背飞虱与黑尾叶蝉的扩散量差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。在Bt稻区与对照区间相互扩散的飞虱和叶蝉的卵寄生蜂有稻虱缨小蜂(Anagrusspp.)和叶蝉柄翅小蜂(Lynaenonlongicrus),数量上后者多于前者,扩散方向也以Bt稻区向对照区扩散为主。陈茂 叶恭银 胡萃 Tu J Datta S K 2003浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2003,29,1:30
16急性缺血性卒中的血管内治疗:神经介入外科学学会实践标准委员会的报告显示文摘目的总结采用血管内技术治疗急性缺血性卒中的有关证据并等级分类。方法对美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)以前发表的推荐意见进行审查并作为当前流程的基础。在此这基础上,进行系统的文献回顾以评估支持急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗的证据。根据AHA卒中委员会和牛津大学循证医学中心提出的循证医学证据分级指南进行评估。对操作安全性、技术效果以及对临床转归的影响进行特别审核。K A Blackham P M Meyers T A Abruzzo F C Alberquerque D Fiorella J Fraser D Frei C D Gandhi D V Heck J A Hirsch D P Hsu M Jayaraman S Narayanan C Prestigiacomo J L Sunshine 包元飞(译) 李永坤(译) 刘新峰(译) 2012国际脑血管病杂志2012,20,12:28
17血管内超声去肾交感神经术治疗高血压:一项多中心,国际,单盲,随机,假手术对照试验显示文摘早期研究表明,基于射频的去肾交感神经术可降低中度高血压患者的血压。研究者研究了在没有使用抗高血压药物的情况下,使用血管内超声去。肾交感神经术是否会降低高血压患者的动态血压。刘青 叶鹏 Azizi M Schmieder RE Mahfoud F Weber MA Daemen J Davies J Basile J Kirtane AJ Wang Y Lobo MD Saxena M Feyz L Rader F Lurz P Sayer J Sapoval M Levy T Sanghvi K Abraham J Sharp ASP Fisher NDL Bloch MJ Reeve-Stoffer H Coleman L Mullin C Mauri L 2018中华高血压杂志2018,26,10:27
18History of the infantile hepatic hemangioma:From imaging to generating a differential diagnosis显示文摘We aim to provide an up-to-date summary of infantile hepatic hemangioma(IHH) and its misnomers and to dialectically present the differential diagnosis of these rare entities of the liver.Eligible peer-reviewed articles on hepatic infantile hemangiomas,published between 2000 and 2015,were reviewed for this study.IHH is the most common hepatic vascular tumor in children.Once a liver mass is identified in an infant,the differential diagnosis ranges from vascular malformations to benign and malignant tumors including mesenchymal hamartoma,hepatoblastoma,metastatic neuroblastoma,so careful physical examination,imaging studies,and,if indicated,tumor markers and biopsy,are of pivotal importance to ascertain the correct diagnosis.Despite the benign nature of IHHs,some of these lesions may demand medical and/or surgical intervention,especially for multiple and diffuse IHH.Complications can include hepatomegaly,hypothyroidism and cardiac failure.Therefore,a close follow-up is required until complete involution of the lesions.We propose an algorithm to guide the physicians towards the proper management of hepatic lesions.Maria Gnarra Gerald Behr Alison Kitajewski June K Wu Sudha A Anupindi Carrie J Shawber Nick Zavras Dimitrios Schizas Chris Salakos Konstantinos P Economopoulos 2016World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2016,5,3:27
19CIPK9: a calcium sensor-interacting protein kinase required for low-potassium tolerance in Arabidopsis显示文摘钾是为在植物的很多个细胞的过程的主要宏营养素必需品之一。在土壤的低钾水平为庄稼生产代表一个限制因子。最近的研究识别了涉及钾获得的钾运输 ers,并且他们中的一些为在低钾条件下面的钾营养是批评的。然而,很少在涉及低钾发信号和回答的分子的部件上被理解。我们这里在 Arabidopsis 作为低钾反应的一个批评管理者报导 calcineurin 象 B 一样交往蛋白质的 proteinkinase (CIPK9 ) 的鉴定。CIPK9 基因对不能生活的压力条件应答,并且它的抄本由钾剥夺在根和射击是可诱导的。CIPK9 功能的混乱使变异的植物变为过分敏感到低钾媒介。进一步的分析显示那 K (+) 举起和内容没在变异的植物被影响,暗示在钾利用的规定的 CIPK9 或察觉到过程。Girdhar K Pandey Yong Hwa Cheongx Beom-Gi Kim John J Grant Legong Li Sheng Luan 2007Cell Research2007,17,5:23
20美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病临床前阶段的定义显示文摘阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会,但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生物标志物、流行病学和神经心理学的证据进行综述并提出建议,以确定能够预测由“正常”认知到轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)及AD痴呆的最佳预测指标。根据目前已有的主要科学证据,我们提出了一个概念性的框架和用于操作的研究标准,以通过纵向临床研究来验证和改进这些模型。这些建议仅用于研究目的,目前不涉及临床应用。我们希望这些建议能提供一个共识,以推进临床前AD的研究,最终推动更早期治疗干预的进展,使得一些疾病减缓药物的疗效发挥最大。Sperling RA Aisen PS Beckett LA Bennett DA Craft S Fagan AM Iwatsubo T Jack CR Jr Kaye J Montine TJ Park DC Reiman EM Rowe CC Siemers E Stern Y Yaffe K Carrillo MC Thies B Morrison-Bogorad M Wagster MV Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 郭起浩(译) 黄丽(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 邢怡(译) 2012中华神经科杂志2012,45,5:22
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