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| 1 | Subcurative radiation significantly increases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary glioblastoma multiforme in vivo显示文摘Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM. | Adarsh Shankar Sanath Kumar Asm Iskander Nadimpalli RS Varma Branislava Janic Ana deCarvalho Tom Mikkelsen Joseph A Frank Meser M Ali Robert A Knight Stephen Brown Ali S Arbab | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Prognostic utility of myocardial viability assessment显示文摘 | ISKANDER S ISKANDRIAN A E | 1999 | Am J Cardiology1999，83，5： | 2 |
| 3 | Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010显示文摘 | Fiore Anthony E Uyeki Timothy M Broder Karen Finelli Lyn Euler Gary L Singleton James A Iskander John K Wortley Pascale M Shay David K Bresee Joseph S Cox Nancy J | 2010 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report2010，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Metallothionein induction in human CNS in vitro: neuroprotection from ionizing radiation 显示文摘 | Cai L Cherian MG Iskander S | 2000 | Radiat Biol2000，76，7： | 1 |
| 5 | A survey of scheduling rules显示文摘 | PANWALKAR S S ISKANDER W | 1977 | Operations Research1977，25，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Plasmapheresis as an adjuvant therapy for hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis显示文摘 | ISKANDER S B OLIVE K E | 2004 | Am J Med Sci2004，328，： | 1 |
| 7 | Nestin expression in cortical dysplasia 显示文摘 | Duggal N Iskander S Hammond RR | 2001 | J Neurosurg2001，95，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Nestin expression in cortical dysplasia显示文摘 | Duggal N Iskander S Hammond RR | 2001 | J Neurosurg2001，95，： | 1 |
| 9 | A survey of scheduling rules显示文摘 | PanWalker S S Iskander W | 1977 | Operations Research1977，25，1： | 1 |
| 10 | A survey of scheduling rules显示文摘 | Iskander W | 1997 | Operation Research1997，25，： | 1 |
| 11 | A survey of scheduling rules显示文摘 | PANWALKAR S S ISKANDER W | 1977 | Operations Research1977，25，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Drilled shaft defects: detection, and effects on capacity in valved clay显示文摘 | ISKANDER M ROY D KELLEY S | 2003 | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering2003，129，12： | 1 |
| 13 | A Survey of Scheduling Rules显示文摘 | Panwalkar S S Iskander W | 1977 | Operations Research1977，25，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Transparent amorphous silica to model clay显示文摘 | ISKANDER M C L1U J SADEK S | 2002 | Journal of Geotechnieal and Geoenvironmental Engineering2002，128，3： | 1 |
| 15 | A survey of scheduling rules 显示文摘 | Panwalkar S S Iskander W | 1977 | Operations Research1977，25，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Prognostic utility of myocardial viability assessment显示文摘 | Iskander S | 1999 | Am J Cardial1999，83，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Drilled shafted defects: detection, and effects on capacity in varied clay显示文摘 | ISKANDER M ROY D KELLEY S | 2003 | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering2003，129，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Geotechnical properties of transparent silica显示文摘 | SADEK S ISKANDER M L1U J | 2001 | Canadian Geotechnical Joumal2001，39，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Zinc-or cadmium-pre-induced metallothionein protects human central nervous system cells and astrocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis显示文摘 | ISKANDER S CHERIAN M G | 2004 | Toxicol Lett2004，146，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Geotechnical properties of transparent silica显示文摘 | SADEK S ISKANDER M L1U J | 2002 | Canadian Geotechnical Journal2002，39，1： | 1 |
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