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| 1 | Influence of staff number and internal constellation on surgical site infection in an operating room显示文摘Prediction of bacteria-carrying particle(BCP) dispersion and particle distribution released from staff members in an operating room(OR) is very important for creating and sustaining a safe indoor environment.Postoperative wound infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, and contribute to increased hospitalization time. Increasing the number of personnel within the OR disrupts the ventilation airflow pattern and causes enhanced contamination risk in the area of an open wound. Whether the amount of staff within the OR influences the BCP distribution in the surgical zone has rarely been investigated. This study was conducted to explore the influence of the number of personnel in the OR on the airflow field and the BCP distribution. This was performed by applying a numerical calculation to map the airflow field and Lagrangian particle tracking(LPT) for the BCP phase. The results are reported both for active sampling and passive monitoring approaches. Not surprisingly, a growing trend in the BCP concentration(cfu/m3) was observed as the amount of staff in the OR increased. Passive sampling shows unpredictable results due to the sedimentation rate, especially for small particles(5-10(Jim). Risk factors for surgical site infections(SSIs) must be well understood to develop more effective prevention programs. | Sasan Sadrizadeh Ann Tammelin Peter Ekolind Sture Holmberg | 2014 | Particuology2014，12，2： | 11 |
| 2 | Pacing and predictors of performance during cross-country skiing races:A systematic review显示文摘Background: Cross-country skiing(XCS) racing, a popular international winter sport, is complex and challenging from physical, technical, and tactical perspectives. Despite the vast amount of research focusing on this sport, no review has yet addressed the pacing strategies of elite XCS racers or the factors that influence their performance. The aim was to review the scientific literature in an attempt to determine the effects of pacing strategy on the performance of elite XCS racers.Methods: Four electronic databases were searched using relevant subject headings and keywords. Only original research articles published in peerreviewed journals and the English language and addressing performance, biomechanics, physiology, and anthropometry of XCS racers were reviewed.Results: All 27 included articles applied correlative designs to study the effectiveness of different pacing strategies. None of the articles involved the use of an experimental design. Furthermore, potential changes in external conditions(e.g., weather, ski properties) were not taken into consideration. A comparable number of studies focused on the skating or classical technique. In most cases, positive pacing was observed, with certain indications that higher-level athletes and those with more endurance and strength utilized a more even pacing strategy. The ability to achieve and maintain a long cycle length on all types of terrain was an important determinant of performance in all of the included studies, which was not the case for cycle rate. In general, uphill performance was closely related to overall race performance, with uphill performance being most closely correlated to the success of female skiers and performance on flat terrain being more important for male skiers. Moreover, pacing was coupled to the selection and distribution of technique during a race, with faster skiers employing more double poling and kick double poling,less diagonal stride, and more V2(double dance) than V1(single dance) skating across a race.Conclusion: We propose that skiers at all levels can improve their performance with more specific training in techniques(i.e., maintaining long cycles without compromising cycle rate and selecting appropriate techniques) in combination with training for endurance and more strength. Furthermore, we would advise less experienced skiers and/or those with lower levels of performance to apply a more even pacing strategy rather than a positive one(i.e., starting the race too fast). | thomas stoggl barbara pellegrini hans-christer holmberg | 2018 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2018，7，4： | 6 |
| 3 | 有症状的胃食管反流病中埃索美拉唑抑酸能力比奥美拉唑更强显示文摘 | Lind T Rydberg L Kyreback A Jonsson A Andersson T Hasselgren G Holmberg J Rohss K 钟捷 | 2002 | 中华消化杂志2002，22，9： | 6 |
| 4 | The influence of physiobiomechanical parameters,technical aspects of shooting,and psychophysiological factors on biathlon performance:A review显示文摘The biathlon, an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship, entails considerable physiological demands, as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and under mental pressure. Although much of our knowledge about cross-country skiing is probably also applicable to the biathlon, carrying the rifle and shooting under stress make this discipline somewhat unique. The present review summarizes and examines the scientific literature related to biathlon performance, with a focus on physiological and biomechanical factors and shooting technique, as well as psychophysiological aspects of shooting performance. We conclude with suggestions for future research designed to extend our knowledge about the biathlon, which is presently quite limited. | marko s.laaksonen thomas finkenzeller hans-christer holmberg gerold sattlecker | 2018 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2018，7，4： | 5 |
| 5 | Effect of a portable ultra-clean exponential airflow unit on the particle distribution in an operating room显示文摘The effects of a mobile laminar airflow unit on the concentration,deposition and distribution of bacteriacarrying particles in an operating room are investigated.The exploration is carried out using numerical calculation schemes(computational fluid dynamics approach).The model validation was performed through result comparisons with published measurement data from literature.Two types of mobile screen units were evaluated as an extension of turbulent-mixing operating-room ventilation.Airborne particle concentration/sedimentation was recorded with and without a screen unit on the operating table and two instrument tables.Both active and passive air sampling were examined and the results are compared.It was found that the additional mobile ultra-clean laminar airflow unit reduces the counts of airborne bacteria and surface contamination to a level acceptable for infection-prone surgeries. | Sasan Sadrizadeh Sture Holmberg | 2015 | Particuology2015，13，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Teenagers’Sexual Behavior in Sweden, Europe显示文摘Objective To investigate the development of sexuality from early to late adolescence,and to compare girls and boys of different agesMethods A cross sectional survey in all schools was performed covering all pupilsbetween 13 and 18 years of age that were in school when the survey was conducted. Avalidated instrument, Q90, created for use in teenagers was distributed in the class-rooms to 3 216 teenagers. Q90 covers 30 questions about body development andsexual behavior. Non-response was insignificant (n=19; 0.6%).Results Pubertal development was considered “early” or “late” by about 50% ofboth boys and girls. Eighty percent of the 13 to 15 years old boys and girls had had aromance and 30% had experience of sexual cuddling (petting), while significantlymore girls than boys had sexual intercourse (18% vs 13%; odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI1.1-1.9). The difference between girls and boys remained in those being 16-18 yearsold, where 63% of the girls and 53% of the boys (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9)admitted having intercourse. Mean age at first intercourse was 14.9 and 15 years,respectively. At 16-18 years of age, 23% of the sexually active girls, as compared with25% of the boys estimated that they had had 6 or more sexual partners. About 30% ofthe adolescents, irrespective of age and gender, did not use contraceptives at theirfirst and latest intercourse. Eight percent of the older girls had been pregnant, andthey had an increased history of sexually transmitted infections, as compared withthe boys (6.2% vs 2.7%; odds ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.0).Conclusion Exploring sexuality and experimentation is a normal behavior inadolescence. The results of this study, however, indicate that there are substantialgroups of teenagers who practice sexual risk-taking. In addition to general sexualeducation, programs should also be directed to define sexual risks and its consequences. | Lars I Holmberg Dan Hellberg | 2005 | Journal of Reproduction and Contraception2005，16，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Serum Lipid Profiles and Cancer Risk in the Context of Obesity: Four Meta-Analyses显示文摘 | Jennifer C. Melvin Lars Holmberg Sabine Rohrmann Massimo Loda Mieke Van Hemelrijck Thomas E. Rohan | 2013 | Journal of Cancer Epidemiology2013，，： | 2 |
| 8 | Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a US Population显示文摘 | Stuart C. Gordon Lois E. Lamerato Loralee B. Rupp Jia Li Scott D. Holmberg Anne C. Moorman Philip R. Spradling Eyasu H. Teshale Vinutha Vijayadeva Joseph A. Boscarino Emily M. Henkle Nancy Oja–Tebbe Mei Lu | 2014 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2014，，： | 2 |
| 9 | 远程教育中学生的个体独立性及师生间一对一的授受关系显示文摘本文认为学生自主化学习、个体化教学、师生间一对一的授受关系这一类当代教育理念均可引入远程教育领域。本文就远程教育中个体化学习的设计及实施,其教学内容以及多种教学媒介供学习个体进行选择的可能性诸问题进行了探讨,说明了师生间一对一授受关系的可行性。并在作者本人进行试验研究的基础上,参考其他学者的有关结论,讨论了在远程教育中个体化学习的支持系统,强调了现代信息和通讯技术的重要性,并指出,远程教育中个体化学习的成败与否,取决于对学生提供的学习指导,这种指导是建立在师生间情感交流的基础上的。 | Brje Holmberg 杜亚琛 | 2000 | 开放教育研究2000，6，4： | 2 |
| 10 | Effect of bystander cardiopulmnnary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden显示文摘 | Holmberg M Holmberg S Herlitz J | 2000 | Resuscitation2000，47，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Passive leg raising dur- ing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest does it improve circulation and outcome? 显示文摘 | Axelsson C Holmberg S Karlsson T | 2010 | Resuscitation2010，81，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview: Development, reliability, and validity of a new measure 显示文摘 | Nock MK Holmberg EB Photos VI | 2007 | Psychol Assess2007，19，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Exact solution methods for uncapacitated location problem with convex transportation costs显示文摘 | Holmberg K | 1999 | European Journal of Operational Research1999，114，： | 1 |
| 14 | Individual variation in measures of voice显示文摘 | Holmberg EB Perkell JS Hillman RE | 1994 | Phonetica1994，51，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Clinical and electrophysiologic outcome in patients with neovascular glaucoma treated with and without bevacizumab显示文摘 | Wittstrom E Holmberg H Hvarfner C | 2012 | Eur J Ophthalmol2012，22，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Iodine-131 treatmentent of hyperthyroidism:Significance of effective half- life measurements显示文摘 | Berg GE Michanek AM Holmberg EC eta1 | 1996 | J Nucl Wed1996，37，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer:the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial显示文摘 | Bill-Axelson A Holmberg L Filén F | | 0，，16： | 1 |
| 18 | Dying of Corruption显示文摘 | Holmberg S Rothstein B | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 19 | Keeping the lid on flyrock in open-pit blasting显示文摘 | Lundborg N Persson A Ladegaard-Pedersen A Holmberg | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Ephrins negatively pcgulate cell proliferation in the epidermis and hair follicle显示文摘 | Genander M Holmberg J Frisén F | | 0，，： | 1 |
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