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| 1 | Efficacy of transcatheter embolization/chemoembolization (TAE/TACE) for the treatment of single hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy of transcatheter embolization/chemoembolization (TAE/TACE) in cirrhotic patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) not suitable for surgical resection and percutaneous ablation therapy. METHODS:A cohort of 176 consecutive cirrhotic patients with single HCC undergoing TAE/TACE was reviewed; 162 patients had at least one image examination (helical CT scan or triphasic contrastenhanced MRI) after treatment and were included into the study. TAE was performed with Lipiodol followed by Gelfoam embolization; TACE was performed with Farmorubicin prepared in sterile drip at a dose of 50 mg/m2,infused over 30 min using a peristaltic pump,and followed by Lipiodol and Gelfoam embolization. RESULTS:Patients characteristics were:mean age,62 years; male/female 117/45; Child-Pugh score 6.2 ± 1.1; MELD 8.7 ± 2.3; mean HCC size,3.6 (range 1.0-12.0) cm. HCC size class was ≤ 2.0 cm,n = 51; 2.1-3.0 cm,n = 35; 3.1-4.0 cm,n = 29; 4.1-5.0 cm,n = 22; 5.1-6.0 cm,n = 11; and > 6.0 cm,n = 14. Patients received a total of 368 TAE/TACE (mean 2.4 ± 1.7). Complete tumor necrosis was obtained in 94 patients (58%),massive (90%-99%) necrosis in 16 patients (10%),partial (50%-89%) necrosis in 18 patients (11%) and poor (< 50%) necrosis in the remaining 34 patients (21%). The rate of complete necrosis according to the HCC size class was:69%,69%,52%,68%,50% and,13% for lesions of ≤ 2.0,2.1-3.0,3.1-4.0,4.1-5.0,5.1-6.0,and > 6.0 cm,respectively. Kaplan-Mayer survival at 24-mo was 88%,68%,59%,59%,45%,and 53% for lesions of ≤ 2.0,2.1-3.0,3.1-4.0,4.1-5.0,5.1-6.0,and > 6.0 cm,respectively. CONCLUSION:Our study showed that in cirrhotic patients with single HCC smaller than 6.0 cm,TAE/TACE produces complete local control of tumor in a significant proportion of patients. TAE/TACE is an effective therapeutic option in patients with single HCC not suitable for surgical resection or percutaneous ablation therapies. Further studies should investigate if the new available embolization agents or drug eluting beads may improve the effect on tumor necrosis. | Roberto Miraglia Giada Pietrosi Luigi Maruzzelli Ioannis Petridis Settimo Caruso Gianluca Marrone Giuseppe Mamone Giovanni Vizzini Angelo Luca Bruno Gridelli | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，21： | 38 |
| 2 | Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a global public health problem with approximately 2 billion people that have been exposed to the virus. HBV is a member of a family of small, enveloped DNA viruses called hepadnaviruses, and has a preferential tropism for hepatocytes of mammals and birds. Epidemiological studies have proved a strong correlation between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). HCC is the fifth most common malignancy with about 700000 new cases each year, and more than 50% of them arise in HBV carriers. A large number of studies describe the way in which HBV can contribute to HCC development. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed, including the accumulation of genetic damage due to immune-mediated hepatic inflammation and the induction of oxidative stress. There is evidence of the direct effects of the viral proteins HBx and HBs on the cell biology. Integration of HBV-DNAinto the human genome is considered an early event in the carcinogenic process and can induce, through insertional mutagenesis, the alteration of gene expression and chromosomal instability. HBV has also epigenetic effects through the modification of the genomic methylation status. Furthermore, the virus plays an important role in the regulation of microRNA expression. This review will summarize the many mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis. | Mirko Tarocchi Simone Polvani Giada Marroncini Andrea Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 35 |
| 3 | Non invasive fibrosis biomarkers reduce but not substitute the need for liver biopsy显示文摘长期的肝疾病全球是很普通的,特别地,那些连接了到病毒的肝炎并且到含酒精、非酒精的脂肝。他们的自然科学是可变的,长期的进化在单个病人不同。补偿的长期的肝疾病的优化临床的管理要求肝纤维变性的阶段的精确定义,预后并且很治疗学的决定的主要决定因素。肝活体检视是为对肝的纤维变性的评价的标准答案。然而,它与可能的复杂并发症是侵略的,对抽样误差昂贵、容易。肝纤维变性的许多非侵略的标记最近作为肝活体检视的代理人在临床的背景被建议了并且估计。当间接标记使用与肝纤维变性阶段相关的简单或更复杂的参数时,直接标记基于直接连接到纤维发生的生物化学的参数。肝纤维变性的非侵略的标记在长期的肝疾病的不同形式被测试了并且很少显示出可变诊断性能,而是精确性在 75%-80% 上面。当标记被联合时,更好的结果被获得。在这根线上,我们最近建议了联合肝纤维变性的顺序间接的非侵略的标记的一套算法,到达 90%-95% 有在对肝的需要的重要减小的诊断精确性活体检视。基于可得到的证据,肝纤维变性的非侵略的标记和他们的联合使用将很快在长期的肝的许多形式的临床的管理成为一个很有用的工具,这能被期望疾病。然而,他们的实现被期望减少,然而并非完全消除,对肝的需要活体检视。 | Giada Sebastiani Alfredo Alberti | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，23： | 32 |
| 4 | Sequential algorithms combining non-invasive markers and biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM: To assess the performance of several non- invasive markers and of our recently proposed stepwise combination algorithms to diagnose significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2 by METAVIR) and cirrhosis (F4 by METAVIR) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: One hundred and ten consecutive patients (80 males, 30 females, mean age: 42.6 ± 11.3) with CHB undergoing diagnostic liver biopsy were included. AST- to-Platelet ratio (APRI), Forns’ index, AST-to-ALT Ratio, Goteborg University Cirrhosis Index (GUCI), Hui’s model and Fibrotest were measured on the day of liver biopsy. The performance of these methods and of sequential algorithms combining Fibrotest, APRI and biopsy was defined by positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, accuracy and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: PPV for significant fibrosis was excellent (100%) with Forns and high (> 92%) with APRI, GUCI, Fibrotest and Hui. However, significant fibrosis could not be excluded by any marker (NPV < 65%). Fibro- test had the best PPV and NPV for cirrhosis (87% and 90%, respectively). Fibrotest showed the best AUC for both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis (0.85 and 0.76, respectively). Stepwise combination algorithms of APRI, Fibrotest and biopsy showed excellent performance (0.96 AUC, 100% NPV) for significant fibrosis and 0.95 AUC, 98% NPV for cirrhosis, with 50%-80% reduced need for liver biopsy. CONCLUSION: In CHB sequential combination of APRI, Fibrotest and liver biopsy greatly improves the diagnostic performance of the single non-invasive markers. Need for liver biopsy is reduced by 50%-80% but cannot be completely avoided. Non-invasive markers and biopsy should be considered as agonists and not antagonists towards the common goal of estimating liver fibrosis. | Giada Sebastiani Alessandro Vario Maria Guido Alfredo Alberti | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，4： | 26 |
| 5 | Clinical applications of hepatocyte transplantation显示文摘The shortage of organ donors is a problem worldwide, with approximately 15% of adult patients with lifethreatening liver diseases dying while on the waiting list. The use of cell transplantation for liver disease is an attempt to correct metabolic defects, or to support liver function as a bridge to liver transplantation and, as such, has raised a number of expectations. Most of the available studies briefly reported here focus on adult hepatocyte transplantation (HT), and the results are neither reproducible nor comparable, because the means of infusion, amount of injected cells and clinical variability differ among the studies. To better understand the specif ic role of HT in the management of end-stage liver disease, it is important that controlled studies, designed on the principles of evidence-based medicine, be done in order to guarantee the reproducibility of results. | Giada Pietrosi Giovanni Battista Vizzini Salvatore Gruttadauria Bruno Gridelli | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，17： | 23 |
| 6 | Systematic review: Preventive and therapeutic applications of metformin in liver disease显示文摘Metformin, a biguanide derivative, is the most commonly prescribed medication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. More recently, the use of metformin has shown potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for a broad spectrum of conditions, including liver disease and hepatic malignancies. In this systematic review,we critically analyze the literature behind the potential use of metformin across the spectrum of liver disease and malignancies. The Pub Med and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched from 2000 to March 2015, using a combination of relevant text words and MeS H terms: metformin and mammalian target of rapamycin, hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis B virus(HCV), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) or cholangiocarcinoma. The search results were evaluated for pertinence to the issue of metformin in liver disease as well as for quality of study design. Metformin has a number of biochemical effects that would suggest a benefit in treating chronic liver diseases, particularly in the context of insulin resistance and inflammation. However, the literature thus far does not support any independent therapeutic role in NAFLD or HCV. Nonetheless, there is Level Ⅲ evidence for a chemopreventive role in patients with diabetes and chronic liver disease, with decreased incidence of HCC and cholangiocarcinoma. The use of metformin seems to be safe in patients with cirrhosis, and provides a survival benefit. Once hepatic malignancies are already established, metformin does not offer any therapeutic potential. In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence to recommend use of metformin in the adjunctive treatment of chronic liver diseases, including NAFLD and HCV. However, there is good evidence for a chemopreventive role against HCC among patients with diabetes and chronic liver disease, and metformin should be continued in patients even with cirrhosis to provide this benefit. | Aparna Bhat Giada Sebastiani Mamatha Bhat | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，12： | 20 |
| 7 | Chronic hepatitis C and liver fibrosis显示文摘Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide and predisposes to liver fibrosis and endstage liver complications. Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, and is considered as a wound healing response to chronic liver injury. Its staging is critical for the management and prognosis of chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients, whose number is expected to rise over the next decades, posing a major health care challenge. This review provides a brief update on HCV epidemiology, summarizes basic mechanistic concepts of HCV-dependent liver fibrogenesis, and discusses meth-ods for assessment of liver fibrosis that are routinely used in clinical practice. Liver biopsy was until recently considered as the gold standard to diagnose and stage liver fibrosis. However, its invasiveness and drawbacks led to the development of non-invasive methods, which include serum biomarkers, transient elastography and combination algorithms. Clinical studies with CHC patients demonstrated that non-invasive methods are in most cases accurate for diagnosis and for monitoring liver disease complications. Moreover, they have a high prognostic value and are cost-effective. Non-invasive methods for assessment of liver fibrosis are gradually being incorporated into new guidelines and are becoming standard of care, which significantly reduces the need for liver biopsy. | Giada Sebastiani Konstantinos Gkouvatsos Kostas Pantopoulos | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，32： | 19 |
| 8 | Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases:Implementation in clinical practice and decisional algorithms显示文摘Chronic hepatitis B and C together with alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases represent the major causes of progressive liver disease that can eventually evolve into cirrhosis and its end-stage complications,including decompensation,bleeding and liver cancer.Formation and accumulation of fibrosis in the liver is the common pathway that leads to an evolutive liver disease.Precise definition of liver fibrosis stage is essential for management of the patient in clinical practice since the presence of bridging fibrosis represents a strong indication for antiviral therapy for chronic viral hepatitis,while cirrhosis requires a specif ic follow-up including screening for esophageal varices and hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver biopsy has always represented the standard of reference for assessment of hepatic fibrosis but it has some limitations being invasive,costly and prone to sampling errors.Recently,blood markers and instrumental methods have been proposed for the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis.However,there are still some doubts as to their implementation in clinical practice and a real consensus on how and when to use them is not still available.This is due to an unsatisfactory accuracy for some of them,and to an incomplete validation for others.Some studies suggest that performance of non-invasive methods for liver fibrosis assessment may increase when they are combined.Combination algorithms of non-invasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis may represent a rational and reliable approach to implement non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice and to reduce rather than abolish liver biopsies. | Giada Sebastiani | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，18： | 12 |
| 9 | Prevalence and predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome显示文摘BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary disease(PCOS)may be a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)due to common pathogenetic pathways,including insulin resistance and obesity.Both PCOS and NAFLD are more severe in South Asian women.Data on NAFLD in South Asian women with PCOS are lacking.AIM To investigate prevalence and predictors of NAFLD and liver fibrosis in PCOS patients from South Asia.METHODS We conducted an observational routine screening program by means of transient elastography(TE)with associated controlled attenuation parameter(CAP).NAFLD was defined as CAP≥288 decibels per meter.Significant liver fibrosis(stage 2 and higher out of 4)was defined as TE measurement≥8.0 kilopascals.Elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)was defined as ALT>24 IU/L,as per upper limit of normal reported in South Asian women.Biochemical hyperandrogenism was defined as free androgen index>5.Predictors of NAFLD were determined by logistic regression analysis.RESULTS 101 PCOS patients(mean age 36.3 years)with no significant alcohol intake or viral hepatitis were included.Prevalence of NAFLD and significant liver fibrosis was 39.6% and 6.9%,respectively.Elevated ALT was observed in 40%and 11.5%of patients with and without NAFLD,respectively.After adjusting for duration of PCOS and insulin resistance measured by homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance,independent predictors of NAFLD were higher body mass index[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)1.30,95% confidence interval(CI):1.13-1.52],hyperandrogenism(aOR:5.32,95%CI:1.56-18.17)and elevated ALT(aOR:3.54,95%CI:1.10-11.47).Lifetime cardiovascular risk was higher in patients with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD(0.31±0.11 vs 0.26±0.13).CONCLUSION Despite their young age,NAFLD diagnosed by TE with CAP is a frequent comorbidity in South Asian women with PCOS and is strongly associated with higher body mass index and hyperandrogenism.Non-invasive screening strategies could help early diagnosis and initiation of interventions,including counselling on weight loss,cardiovascular risk stratification and linkage to hepatology care where appropriate. | Mohamed Shengir Srinivasan Krishnamurthy Peter Ghali Marc Deschenes Philip Wong Tianyan Chen Giada Sebastiani | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，44： | 11 |
| 10 | Nat Biotechnol:将人星形胶质细胞重编程为多巴胺能神经元,有助治疗帕金森病显示文摘帕金森病是一种主要影响运动系统的神经退行性疾病。它的特征在于大脑中的多巴胺能神经元(dopaminergic neuron)渐进性丧失。尽管当前的疗法旨在补充多巴胺水平,但是没有一种疗法能够恢复这些丢失的细胞。如今。在一项新的研究中,来自瑞典、奥地利、西班牙和美国的研究人员开发出一种方法:将神经胶质细胞(glialcell)转化为活性的多巴胺能神经元,并且所产生的多巴胺能神经元能够部分恢复帕金森病模式小鼠的运动功能。这项概念验证研究可能为开发出一种治疗这种疾病的新方法铺平道路。 | Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo, Elisa Martín-Montañez, Enrique M Toledo, Gioele La Manno, Sara Padrell Sánchez, Sten Linnarsson Ernest Arenas Roman A Romanov, Christian Pifl Tibor Harkany Roman A Romanov, Giada Spigolon, Débora Masini, Michael Feyder, Tibor Harkany Gilberto Fisone Elisa Martín-Montañez Yi-Han Ng Marius Wernig | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，17： | 11 |
| 11 | Co-existence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease: a review article显示文摘Emerging data have highlighted the co-existence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and inflammatory bowel disease; both of which are increasingly prevalent disorders with significant complications and impact on future health burden. Cross-section observational studies have shown widely variable prevalence rates of co-existing disease,largely due to differences in disease definition and diagnostic tools utilised in the studies. Age,obesity,insulin resistance and other metabolic conditions are common risks factors in observational studies. However,other studies have also suggested a more dominant role of inflammatory bowel disease related factors such as disease activity,duration,steroid use and prior surgical intervention,in the development of NAFLD. This suggests a potentially more complex pathogenesis and relationship between the two diseases which may be contributed by factors including altered intestinal permeability,gut dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory response. Commonly used immunomodulation agents pose potential hepatic toxicity,however no definitive evidence exist linking them to the development of hepatic steatosis,nor are there any data on the impact of therapy and prognosis in patient with co-existent diseases. Further studies are required to assess the impact and establish appropriate screening and management strategies in order to allow early identification,intervention and improve patient outcomes. | Che-yung Chao Robert Battat Alex Al Khoury Sophie Restellini Giada Sebastiani Talat Bessissow | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，34： | 7 |
| 12 | Near-fatal infection following an elective ankle-fracture fixation: less risk should not mean less vigilance显示文摘关上的脚关节骨折的外科的固定传统地被看作为手术后的感染有低风险。仅仅外科地点的限制感染的一些案例被报导了。因为低感染风险,为 perioperative 预防的必要性被询问了。我们报导与长期的风湿性关节炎立即在一个选任的脚关节固定手术以后发生在一个老女人的暴发性的 methicillin 抵抗的葡萄球菌 aureus 心内膜炎的一个案例。因为全身的感染是意外的,她为手术后的发烧被给了 antipyretics 直到就以前快速的临床的恶化。将近致命的造血的感染发生在如此的一个过程以后,显示为在高警戒上并且考虑血液感染的可能性的必要性。 | Giada Bianchi Dingxin Qin Joseph A. Dearani Qi Qian | 2011 | Chinese Medical Journal2011，，12： | 4 |
| 13 | AMPA受体及其拮抗剂在癫痫持续状态中的作用显示文摘癫痫持续状态(Status epilepticus,SE)通常定义为长时间持续的癫痫发作或反复发作且发作间期未完全恢复。SE是一种急症,通常与严重的残疾、较高的发病率和死亡率相关。尽管受临床的影响,但从自限性癫痫发作过渡到持续的、难治性的癫痫发作的潜在机制仍尚不完全明确。在SE中,约40%的患者对抗癫痫药物(AEDs)(一线治疗)无效;因此,需要更有效的药物。在这篇综述中,我们着重于目前对于α-氨基-3-羟基-5-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸(alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid,AMPA)受体在SE中作用的了解,以及其拮抗剂的临床前功效和当前发表的涉及具有这种作用机制的药物的临床研究。我们对关于AMPA受体、AMPA受体拮抗剂和SE的实验性和临床研究文章进行了全面的文献检索。近年来,AMPA受体在SE发作期间和发作后的作用变得逐渐清晰,现在已被广泛接受的是其早期变化发生在初始阶段,这可能有导致SE的维持及其对治疗的抵抗性。AMPA受体拮抗剂已在几种SE动物模型中被证实可终止发作,这些研究支持着抑制AMPA受体的治疗潜力。迄今为止,人体研究的相关数据很有限,但前景广阔,它们支持在SE患者中使用AMPA受体拮抗剂。当二线药物首次尝试失败后,AMPA受体拮抗剂可能成为确定的SE患者的新治疗选择,特别是在苯二氮卓作为二线治疗失败后,甚至效果可能更好。 | Antonio Leo Giada Giovannini Emilio Russo 张乐(译) 熊维希(审) 慕洁(审) | 2020 | 癫痫杂志2020，6，2： | 3 |
| 14 | Early graft dysfunction following adult-to-adult livingrelated liver transplantation:Predictive factors and outcomes显示文摘AIM:To describe a condition that we define as early graft dysfunction(EGD)which can be identified preoperatively. METHODS:Small-for-size graft dysfunction following living-related liver transplantation(LRLT)is characterized by EGD when the graft-to-recipient body weight ratio(GRBWR)is below 0.8%.However, patients transplanted with GRBWR above 0.8%can develop dysfunction of the graft.In 73 recipients of LRLT(GRBWR>0.8%),we identified 10 patients who developed EGD.The main measures of outcomes analyzed were overall mortality,number of re-transplants and length of stay in days(LOS).Furthermore we analyzed other clinical pre-transplant variables,intraoperative parameters and post transplant data.RESULTS:A trend in favor of the non-EGD group(3-mo actuarial survival 98%vs 88%,P=0.09;3-mo graft mortality 4.7%vs 20%,P=0.07)was observed as well as shorter LOS(13 d vs 41.5 d;P=0.001)and smaller requirement of peri-operative Units of Plasma (4 vs 14;P=0.036).Univariate analysis of pre- transplant variables identified platelet count,serum bilirubin,INR and Meld-Na score as predictors of EGD. In the multivariate analysis transplant Meld-Na score (P=0.025,OR:1.175)and pretransplant platelet count(P=0.043,OR:0.956)were independently associated with EGD. CONCLUSION:EGD can be identified preoperatively and is associated with increased morbidity after LRLT. A prompt recognition of EGD can trigger a timely treatment. | Salvatore Gruttadauria Fabrizio di Francesco Giovanni Battista Vizzini Angelo Luca Marco Spada Davide Cintorino Sergio Li Petri Giada Pietrosi Duilio Pagano Bruno Gridelli | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，36： | 2 |
| 15 | Commensal and probiotic bacteria influence intestinal barrier function and susceptibility to colitis in Nod1<sup>?/?</sup>;Nod2<sup>?/?</sup> Mice显示文摘 | Jane M.M. Natividad Valerie Petit Xianxi Huang Giada de Palma Jennifer Jury Yolanda Sanz Dana Philpott Clara L. Garcia Rodenas Kathy D. McCoy Elena F. Verdu | 2011 | Inflamm Bowel Dis2011，，8： | 2 |
| 16 | 心悸诊疗策略(上)——欧洲心律协会共识显示文摘《Europace》2011年7月刊出欧洲心律协会(EHRA)专家组通过对相关临床试验结果的总结分析并综合多位专家的意见提出'心悸诊疗策略'。心悸是临床最常见的症状,目前临床尚缺乏诊治指南,该文献对临床有重要指导意义。刘仁光教授组织研究生学习并将主要内容节译出来,现分两期刊出。'国外医学'栏目欢迎国外内容新,临床实用的节译文稿。 | Raviele A Giada F Bergfeldt L 史美艳(译) 徐兆龙(译) | 2011 | 辽宁医学院学报2011，32，6： | 2 |
| 17 | HFE gene in primary and secondary hepatic iron overload显示文摘从世袭 haemochromatosis 不同,肝的铁超载是在几长期的肝疾病的普通发现。许多研究调查了流行,分发和过量的可能的贡献角色在 non-haemochromatotic 的肝的铁长期的肝疾病。确实,一些作者在除世袭 haemochromatosis 以外的肝疾病建议了铁移动。然而,第二等的铁超载的致病仍然保持不清楚。高 Fe (HFE ) 基因被含有,但是报导数据是争论的。在这篇文章,我们在铁动态平衡关于 HFE 蛋白质的细胞的角色总结当前的概念。我们在长期的丙肝,肝炎 B,含酒精、非酒精的脂肝疾病和迟发性皮肤卟啉症关于流行,肝的分发和铁超载的可能的治疗学的含意考察文学的当前的地位。我们在这些肝疾病关于 HFE 基因变化的角色讨论证据。最后,我们在除 haemochromatosis 以外的肝疾病总结铁超载的普通、特定的特征。 | Giada Sebastiani Ann P Walker | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，35： | 2 |
| 18 | Changes in foliar carbon isotope composition and seasonal stomatal conductance reveal adaptive traits in Mediterranean coppices affected by drought显示文摘We estimated water-use efficiency and potential photosynthetic assimilation of Holm oak(Quercus ilex L.) on slopes of NW and SW aspects in a replicated field test examining the effects of intensifying drought in two Mediterranean coppice forests. We used standard techniques for quantifying gas exchange and carbon isotopes in leaves and analyzed total chlorophyll, carotenoids and nitrogen in leaves collected from Mediterranean forests managed under the coppice system. We postulated that responses to drought of coppiced trees would lead to differential responses in physiological traits and that these traits could be used by foresters to adapt to predicted warming and drying in the Mediterranean area. We observed physiological responses of the coppiced trees that suggested acclimation in photosynthetic potential and water-use efficiency:(1) a significant reduction in stomatal conductance(p<0.01) wasrecorded as the drought increased at the SW site;(2) foliar δ13C increased as drought increased at the SW site(p<0.01);(3) variations in levels of carotenoids and foliar nitrogen, and differences in foliar morphology were recorded, and were tentatively attributed to variation in photosynthetic assimilation between sites. These findings increase knowledge of the capacity for acclimation of managed forests in the Mediterranean region of Europe. | Giovanni Di Matteo Luigi Perini Paolo Atzori Paolo De Angelis Tiziano Mei Giada Bertini Gianfranco Fabbio Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza | 2014 | Journal of Forestry Research2014，25，4： | 2 |
| 19 | Two-stage surgical treatment for septic non-union of the forearm显示文摘AIM To investigate the effectiveness of a two-stage surgical procedure for the treatment of septic forearm non-union.METHODS Septic non-unions are rare complications of forearm fractures. When they occur, they modify the relationship between forearm bones leading to a severe functional impairment. Treatment is challenging and surgery and antibiotic therapy are required to achieve infection resolution. It is even harder to obtain non-union healing with good functional results. The aim of this study is to present a two stages surgical treatment for septic forearm non-union with revision and temporary stabilization of the non-union until infection has cleared and subsequently perform a new synthesis with plate, opposite bone graft strut and intercalary graft. We retrospectively reviewed 18 patients with a mean age at the time of primary injury of 34.5 years(19-57 years) and a mean follow-up of 6 years(2-10 years). All patients presented an atrophic nonunion with a mean length of the bone defect of 1.8 cm(1.2-4 cm). Complications and clinical results after surgical treatment were recorded. RESULTS Mean time to resolution of the infectious process was 8.2 wk(range 4-20 wk) after the first surgery and specific antibiotic therapy. All the non-union healed with an average time of 5 mo(range 2-10 mo) after the second step surgery. Cultures on intraoperative samples werepositive in all cases. No major intraoperative complications occurred. Two patients developed minor complications and one needed a second surgical debridement for infection resolution. At the last follow-up functional results were excellent in 5(27.8%) patients, satisfactory in 10(55.5%) and unsatisfactory in 3(16.7%) patients. No activities of daily living(ADLs) limitations were reported by 12(66.6%) patients, slight by 3(16.6%) and severe limitation by 3(16.6%) patients. Mean visual analog scale at the last follow-up was 1(0-3).CONCLUSION The two-step technique has proven to be effective to achieve resolution of the infectious process and union with good functional results and low rate of complications. | Fabrizio Perna Federico Pilla Matteo Nanni Lisa Berti Giada Lullini Francesco Traina Cesare Faldini | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，6： | 2 |
| 20 | Stepwise combination algorithms of non-invasive markers to diagnose significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C显示文摘 | Giada Sebastiani Alessandro Vario Maria Guido Franco Noventa Mario Plebani Roberta Pistis Alessia Ferrari Alfredo Alberti | 2006 | Journal of Hepatology2006，，4： | 2 |
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