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| 1 | ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling: genetics, genomics and mechanisms显示文摘用 ATP 水解作用的精力调整染色质结构的 Macromolecular 集会在开发,癌症,和干细胞生物学有关键角色。这个家庭的 ATPases 被 27 人的基因编码并且通常与稳定的几另外的蛋白质被联系,非可交换的子单元。这些建筑群使用的一基本机制被认为是 nucleosomes 的运动或交换调整抄写。然而,最近的基因研究显示染色质 remodelers 可以也涉及在许多细胞的过程期间调整染色质结构的另外的方面。SWI/SNF 家庭特别地看起来在子单元作文和与多细胞体和连接 histones 的外观的进化来临重合的机制经历了一个实质的变化。哺乳动物的 BAF 子单元的这更大的差异的微分用法为特定的房间命运的发展是必要的,包括到到承诺的神经原的 multipotency 的从 pluripotency 的前进。最近的人的基因屏幕表明了 BRG1, ARID1A, BAF155,和 hSNF5 经常在肿瘤被变异,显示 BAF 建筑群也起在癌症的开始或前进的一个关键作用。在开发和癌症为 BAF 和另外的染色质 remodelers 位于基因要求下面的机械学的库是相对未经勘探的并且将是这评论的一个焦点。 | Diana C Hargreaves Gerald R Crabtree | 2011 | Cell Research2011，21，3： | 51 |
| 2 | Role of polyethylene particles in peri-prosthetic osteolysis:A review显示文摘There is convincing evidence that particles produced by the wear of joint prostheses are causal in the periprosthetic loss of bone,or osteolysis,which,if it progresses,leads to the phenomenon of aseptic loosening.It is important to fully understand the biology of this bone loss because it threatens prosthesis survival,and loosened implants can result in peri-prosthetic fracture,which is disastrous for the patient and presents a difficult surgical scenario.The focus of this review is the bioactivity of polyethylene(PE)particles,since there is evidence that these are major players in the development and progression of osteolysis around prostheses which use PE as the bearing surface.The review describes the biological consequences of interaction of PE particles with macrophages,osteoclasts and cells of the osteoblast lineage,including osteocytes.It explores the possible cellular mechanisms of action of PE and seeks to use the findings to date to propose potential nonsurgical treatments for osteolysis.In particular,a nonsurgical approach is likely to be applicable to implants containing newer,highly cross-linked PEs(HXLPEs),for which osteolysis seems to occur with much reduced PE wear compared with conventional PEs.The caveat here is that we know little as yet about the bioactivity of HXLPE particles and addressing this constitutes our next challenge. | Gerald J Atkins David R Haynes Donald W Howie David M Findlay | 2011 | World Journal of Orthopedics2011，2，10： | 11 |
| 3 | Comment on 'On linking climate to Chinese dynastic change:Spatial and temporal variations of monsoonal rain'显示文摘An article by Zhang et al. questions the interpretation of our oxygen isotope record from Wanxiang Cave and the sediment titanium record from Lake Huguang Maar,and the possible linkage between climate change and Chinese culture. In response,we explain that their approach lacks logical rigor and their major argument is broadly consistent with,rather than contradictory to our original conclusions. We also note that climate-culture relationships similar to those that we observe in China have been observed for other cultures around the world. | CHENG Hai EDWARDS R Lawrence HAUG Gerald H | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，32： | 10 |
| 4 | Relationship between HER-2 overexpression and brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients显示文摘AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010.Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables.The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed.Median age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) patients.Cancer relapsed in 43/142(30%) patients.The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).CONCLUSION:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy.Further studies will be required to validate this observation. | Taher Abu Hejleh Barry R DeYoung Eric Engelman Jeremy M Deutsch Bridget Zimmerman Thorvardur R Halfdanarson Daniel J Berg Kalpaj R Parekh William R Lynch Mark D Iannettoni Sudershan Bhatia Gerald Clamon | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，5： | 5 |
| 5 | Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse显示文摘Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation.We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC binding.Using primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA synthesis.Furthermore,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA production.Similar effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th subset.These data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell binding.We also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen presentation.These data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS. | Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice Long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 6 | Evaluating the quality of feed fats and oils and their effects on pig growth performance显示文摘Feed fats and oils provide significant amounts of energy to swine diets, but there is large variation in composition,quality, feeding value, and price among sources. Common measures of lipid quality include moisture, insolubles,and unsaponifiables(MIU), titer, and free fatty acid content, but provide limited information regarding their feeding value. Lipid peroxidation is an important quality factor related to animal growth performance and health, but maximum tolerable limits in various lipids have not been established. Several indicative assays can be used to detect the presence of various peroxidation compounds, but due to the complexity and numerous compounds produced and degraded during peroxidation process, no single method can adequately determine the extent of peroxidation. Until further information is available, using a combination of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), and anisidine value appear to provide a reasonable assessment of the extent of peroxidation in a lipid at a reasonable cost. However, fatty acid composition of the lipid being evaluated should be considered when selecting specific assays. Predictive tests can also be used to estimate the stability or susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation and include active oxygen method, oil stability index, and oxygen bomb method. A review of 16 published studies with pigs has shown an average decrease of 11.4% in growth rate, 8.8% feed intake fed isocaloric diets containing peroxidized lipids compared to diets containing unperoxidized lipids of the same source.Furthermore, serum vitamin E content was generally reduced and serum TBARS content was increased when peroxidized lipids were fed in these studies, suggesting that feeding peroxidized lipids negatively affects metabolic oxidative status of pigs. However, it is unclear if antioxidants are useful additions to lipids to maintain optimal nutritional value, or if their addition to swine diets is beneficial in overcoming a metabolic oxidative challenge. | Gerald C Shurson Brian J Kerr Andrea R Hanson | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，3： | 3 |
| 7 | Voxel-based analyses of magnetization transfer imaging of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the spatial distribution of cerebral abnormalities in cirrhotic subjects with and without hepatic encephalopathy (HE) found with magnetization transfer imaging (MTI).METHODS: Nineteen cirrhotic patients graded from neurologically normal to HE grade 2 and 18 healthy control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging. They gave institutional-review-board-approved written consent. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) maps were generated from MTI. We tested for significant differences compared to the control group using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM) for a voxelbased evaluation.RESULTS: The MTR of grey and white matter was lower in subjects with more severe HE. Changes were found in patients with cirrhosis without neurological defi cits in the basal ganglia and bilateral white matter. The loss in magnetization transfer increased in severity and spatial extent in patients with overt HE. Patients with HE grade 2 showed an MTR decrease in white and grey matter: the maximum loss of magnetization transfer effect was located in the basal ganglia [SnPM (pseudo-)t = 17.98, P = 0.0001].CONCLUSION: The distribution of MTR changes in HE points to an early involvement of basal ganglia and white matter in HE. | Falk R Miese Hans-Jrg Wittsack Gerald Kircheis Arne Holstein Christian Mathys Ulrich Mdder Mathias Cohnen | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，41： | 2 |
| 8 | Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger age.AIM To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with T2D.METHODS A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 years.Anthropometric and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood pressure.Univariable and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk factor.RESULTS A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in life.Participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older age.Modelling results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other confounders.Younger age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile,compared to those diagnosed later in life. | Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann Emma L Redman David R Webb Emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant | 2022 | World Journal of Diabetes2022，13，3： | 2 |
| 9 | Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin显示文摘 | R.Todd Lorenz Gerald R Cysewski | 2000 | Trends in Biotechnology2000，，4： | 2 |
| 10 | Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for the Treatment of Achalasia: An International Prospective Multicenter Study显示文摘 | Daniel Von Renteln Karl–Hermann Fuchs Paul Fockens Peter Bauerfeind Melina C. Vassiliou Yuki B. Werner Gerald Fried Wolfram Breithaupt Henriette Heinrich Albert J. Bredenoord Jan F. Kersten Tessa Verlaan Michael Trevisonno Thomas R?sch | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，2： | 2 |
| 11 | Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials显示文摘 | Peter M Rothwell F Gerald R Fowkes Jill FF Belch Hisao Ogawa Charles P Warlow Tom W Meade | 2011 | The Lancet2011，，9759： | 2 |
| 12 | Demand for hospital emergency departments:a conceptual understanding显示文摘BACKGROUND: Emergency departments (EDs) are critical to the management of acute illnessand injury, and the provision of health system access. However, EDs have become increasinglycongested due to increased demand, increased complexity of care and blocked access to ongoingcare (access block). Congestion has clinical and organisational implications. This paper aims todescribe the factors that appear to infl uence demand for ED services, and their interrelationships asthe basis for further research into the role of private hospital EDs.DATA SOURCES: Multiple databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Academic Search Elite and ScienceDirect) and relevant journals were searched using terms related to EDs and emergency health needs.Literature pertaining to emergency department utilisation worldwide was identified, and articlesselected for further examination on the basis of their relevance and signifi cance to ED demand.RESULTS: Factors influencing ED demand can be categorized into those describing thehealth needs of the patients, those predisposing a patient to seeking help, and those relating topolicy factors such as provision of services and insurance status. This paper describes the factorsinfl uencing ED presentations, and proposes a novel conceptual map of their interrelationship.CONCLUSION: This review has explored the factors contributing to the growing demand forED care, the infl uence these factors have on ED demand, and their interrelationships depicted in theconceptual model. | Jun He Xiang-yu Hou Sam Toloo Jennifer R Patrick Gerry Fitz Gerald | 2011 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2011，2，4： | 2 |
| 13 | Alexander experimental evaluation of a rotor flux oriented control algorithm for brushless doubly-fed machines显示文摘 | Zhou D Spee R Gerald C | 1997 | IEEE Trans Power Electronics1997，12，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal显示文摘 | Mitola J Gerald Q Maguire J R | 1999 | IEEE Personal Communication Magazine1999，6，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Traffic conflicts for road user safety studies显示文摘 | Brown Gerald R | 1994 | Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering1994，21，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Antitranspirant associated abscisic acid effects on the water relations and yield of transplanted bell peppers显示文摘 | Gerald A Berkowitz J R | 1988 | Plant Physiology1988，86，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Cognitive radio:Making software radios more personal显示文摘 | Mitola J Gerald Q Maguire J R | 1999 | Personal Communications1999，6，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Immune Activation in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome显示文摘 | Tobias Liebregts Birgit Adam Christoph Bredack Alexander R?th Susanne Heinzel Sue Lester Sarah Downie–Doyle Eric Smith Paul Drew Nicholas J. Talley Gerald Holtmann | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Cognitive Radios : Making Software Radios more personal 显示文摘 | Mitola J Gerald Q Maguire J R | 1999 | IEEE Personal Com- munications1999，6，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Six-month clinical evaluation of two dentin adhesives applied on dry vs moist dentin显示文摘 | Perdigao J Carmo A R Geraldeli S | 2001 | J Adhes Dent2001，3，： | 1 |
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