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| 1 | A Genomic Variation Map Provides Insights into the Genetic Basis of Spring Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp.pekinensis)Selection显示文摘Chinese cabbage is the most consumed leafy crop in East Asian countries.However,premature bolting induced by continuous low temperatures severely decreases the yield and quality of the Chinese cabbage, and therefore restricts its planting season and geographic distribution.In the past 40years,spring Chinese cabbage with strong winterness has been selected to meet the market demand.Here,we report a genome variation map of Chinese cabbage generated from the resequencing data of 194 geographically diverse accessions of three ecotypes.In-depth analyses of the selection sweeps and genome-wide patterns revealed that spring Chinese cabbage was selected from a specific population of autumn Chinese cabbage around the area of Shandong peninsula in northern China.We identified 23 genomic loci that underwent intensive selection,and further demonstrated by gene expression and haplotype analyses that the incorporation of elite alleles of VERNALISATION INSENTIVE 3.1(BrVIN3.1)and FLOWER LOCUS C 1(BrFLC1)is a determinant genetic source of variation during selection.Moreover,we showed that the quantitative response of BrVIN3.1 to cold due to the sequence variations in the cis elements of the BrVlN3.1 promoter significantly contributes to bolting-time variation in Chinese cabbage.Collectively, our study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of spring Chinese cabbage selection and will facilitate the breeding of bolting-resistant Varieties by molecular-marker-assisted selection,transgenic or gene editingapproaches. | Tongbing Su Weihong Wang Peirong Li Bin Zhang Pan Li Xiaoyun Xin Honghe Sun Yangjun Yu Deshuang Zhang Xiuyun Zhao Changlong Wen Gang Zhou Yuntong Wang Hongkun Zheng Shuancang Yu Fenglan Zhang | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，11： | 6 |
| 2 | Identification of long noncoding RNAs involved in resistance to downy mildew in Chinese cabbage显示文摘Brassica downy mildew,a severe disease caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae,can cause enormous economic losses in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)production.Although some research has been reported recently concerning the underlying resistance to this disease,no studies have identified or characterized long noncoding RNAs involved in this defense response.In this study,using high-throughput RNA sequencing,we analyzed the disease-responding mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in two resistant lines(T12–19 and 12–85)and one susceptible line(91–112).Clustering and Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)showed that more DEGs were involved in the defense response in the two resistant lines than in the susceptible line.Different expression patterns and proposed functions of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs among T12–19,12–85,and 91–112 indicated that each has a distinct disease response mechanism.There were significantly more cis-and trans-functional long noncoding RNAs in the resistant lines than in the susceptible line,and the genes regulated by these RNAs mostly participated in the disease defense response.Furthermore,we identified a candidate resistance-related long noncoding RNA,MSTRG.19915,which is a long noncoding natural antisense transcript of a MAPK gene,BrMAPK15.Via an agroinfiltration-mediated transient overexpression system and virus-induced gene silencing technology,BrMAPK15 was indicated to have a greater ability to defend against pathogens.MSTRG.19915-silenced seedlings showed enhanced resistance to downy mildew,probably because of the upregulated expression of BrMAPK15.This research identified and characterized long noncoding RNAs involved in resistance to downy mildew,laying a foundation for future in-depth studies of disease resistance mechanisms in Chinese cabbage. | Bin Zhang Tongbing Su Peirong Li Xiaoyun Xin Yunyun Cao Weihong Wang Xiuyun Zhao Deshuang Zhang Yangjun Yu Dayong Li Shuancang Yu Fenglan Zhang | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Genome-wide analysis of changes in miRNA and target gene expression reveals key roles in heterosis for chinese cabbage biomass显示文摘Heterosis is a complex phenomenon in which hybrids show better phenotypic characteristics than their parents do.Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.spp.pekinensis)is a popular leafy crop species,hybrids of which are widely used in commercial production;however,the molecular basis of heterosis for biomass of Chinese cabbage is poorly understood.We characterized heterosis in a Chinese cabbage hybrid cultivar and its parental lines from the seedling stage to the heading stage;marked heterosis of leaf weight and biomass yield were observed.Small RNA sequencing revealed 63 and 50 differentially expressed microRNAs(DEMs)at the seedling and early-heading stages,respectively.The expression levels ofthe majority of miRNA clusters in the hybrid were lower than the mid-parent values(MPVs).Using degradome sequencing,we identi fied 1,819 miRNA target genes.Gene ontology(GO)analyses demonstrated that the target genes ofthe MPV-DEMs and low parental expression level dominance(ELD)miRNAs were signi ficantly enriched in leaf morphogenesis,leaf development,and leaf shaping.Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression levels of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis-related MPV-DEGs(differentially expressed genes)were signi ficantly different in the F_(1) hybrid compared to the parental lines,resulting in increased photosynthesis capacity and chlorophyll content in the former.Furthermore,expression of genes known to regulate leaf development was also observed at the seedling stage.Arabidopsis plants overexpressing BrGRF4.2 and bra-miR396 presented increased and decreased leaf sizes,respectively.These results provide new insight into the regulation of target genes and miRNA expression patterns in leaf size and heterosis for biomass of B.rapa. | Peirong Li Tongbing Su Deshuang Zhang Weihong Wang Xiaoyun Xin Yangjun Yu Xiuyun Zhao Shuancang Yu Fenglan Zhang | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Geochemistry of a Rapakivi Granite Suite in a Proterozoic Rift Trough in Beijing and Its Vicinity显示文摘Controlled by E-W-trending faults, a Proterozoic (1.4-1.8 Ga old) rapakivi granite suite was intruded inBeijing and the area to its east (within Hebei Province), forming three parallel belts of igneous rocks. Theisotopic, trace element and rare earth element geochemical data of a bimodal rock association made up ofanorthosite, gabbro and alkali basalt and olivine-bearing quartz-syenite, rapakivi granite and trachyte as wellas potassic A-type granites and anorogenic granites—— all suggest that there exists an incipient rift in thestudy area. Fractional crystallization of a mixed magma formed by the magma derived from the upper mantleand the magma derived by small degrees of fusion of the lower crust produced anorthosite cumulates. Thewater-deficient granitic magma was differentiated into a subalkaline series. When the fractional crystallizationwas incomplete, rhythmic eruptions took place. | Yu Jianhua Fu Huiqin Zhang Fenglan Guan Meisheng Beijing Centre of Geological Research and Laboratory Fei Zhenbi | 1991 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1991，65，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Genetic mapping and localization of a major QTL for seedling resistance to downy mildew in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)显示文摘 | Shuancang Yu Fenglan Zhang Renbo Yu Yanmin Zou Jiani Qi Xiuyun Zhao Yangjun Yu Deshuang Zhang Li Li | 2009 | Molecular Breeding2009，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Osmotic adjustment and up-regulation expression of stress-responsive genes in tomato induced by soil salinity resulted from nitrate fertilization显示文摘Concerns about the soil salinity caused by excessive fertilization have prompted scientists to clarify the detailed mechanisms and find techniques to alleviate the damage caused by this kind of soil salinity.Aims of this study were to elucidate the effect of soil salinity caused by nitrate fertilization and the differences in salinity effect between nitrate salts and NaCl salt with analyses at various levels of crop physiology and molecular biology.A microbial inoculation was also tried to verify whether it could alleviate the salinity-induced loss and damages.In three experiments(Exp I,II and III),nitrate salts(NS)of Ca(NO_(3))_(2) and KNO_(3) were applied to potted tomato plants to simulate the soil salinity caused by fertilization and a microbial inoculant(MI)was applied.Photosynthesis was measured using Li-6400.Osmotic adjustment was analyzed using the mathematically modeled pressure-volume curve;O_(2)-concentration and activity of SOD and nitrate reductase were measured.Expression of nitrate reductase gene and the stress-responsive gene DREB2 was analyzed using the real-time PCR method.In Exp I and II,where the applied NS amount was moderate,NS application at low concentration induced increases in O_(2)-and MDA concentrations and plants acclimated to the soil salinity as the treatment prolonged for weeks.The acclimation was contributed by osmotic adjustment,activation of SOD and re-compartmentation of cell water between symplasm and apoplasm.These adjustments might be ultimately attributed to up-regulation of stress-responsive genes such as DREB2 as well as the nitrate reductase(NR)gene.However,in Exp III,applications of NaCl and NS at high concentration could not show positive effects as NS did.Application of MI synergistically increased the xerophytophysiological regulation caused by NS and alleviated the salinity damage in addition to its own positive effects on the tomato plants.Different from NaCl,nitrate salts at low application rate increased the total biomass and fruit yield of tomato and induced up-regulation expression of stress-responsive genes and the consequent active osmotic adjustment.However,nitrate application at high level negatively affected tomato plants irrespective of the gene up-regulations.Application of MI alleviated the salinity damage and synergistically increased the xerophytophysiological regulation caused by the soil salinity in addition to its positive effects on the tomato crop but the detailed mechanisms needed to be clarified in future further studies. | Tingting Chang Yujie Zhang Huilian Xu Xiaohou Shao Qicong Xu Fenglan Li Lina Yu Zhanyu Zhang | 2018 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2018，11，3： | 1 |
| 7 | DEVELOPMENT OF SENSOR NEEDLES FORCHINESE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE显示文摘Development of sensor needles for chinese traditional medicine is a long term re-search project in our university. Now, temperature. PH, PO2 and potential sensor needles havebeen developed. These new elements are derived from the combination between a sensor and an ac-tuator. The design principle, functional materials, fabrication technic, calibration method and clin-ical application of these needles are reported in this paper. | Shu Ren Tongpin Li Fenglan Yu Ersheng Kong Jie Shen Qi Jiang Hanan Liu Rongzhen Zhao, Tonji Medical University,Wuhan 430030,P. R. China | 1993 | Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition)1993，2，1： | 1 |
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