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| 1 | Intentional ingestions of foreign objects among prisoners: A review显示文摘The intentional ingestion of foreign objects(IIFO) is described more commonly in prison populations than in the general population, with an estimated annual incidence of 1 in 1900 inmates in our state correctional facilities. Incidents often involve ingestion of small metal objects(e.g., paperclips, razor blades) or other commonly available items like pens or eating utensils. Despite ingestion of relatively sharp objects, most episodes can be clinically managed with either observation or endoscopy. Surgery should be reserved for those with signs or symptoms of gastrointestinal perforation or obstruction. For those with a history of IIFO, efforts should focus on prevention of recurrenceas subsequent episodes are associated with higher morbidity, significant healthcare and security costs. The pattern of IIFO is often repetitive, with escalation both in frequency of ingestions and in number of items ingested. Little is known about successful prevention strategies, but efforts to monitor patients and provide psychiatric care are potential best-practice strategies. This article aims to provide state-of-the art review on the topic, followed by a set of basic recommendations. | David C Evans Thomas R Wojda Christian D Jones Andrew J Otey Stanislaw P Stawicki | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，3： | 10 |
| 2 | Colonic ulcerations may predict steroid-refractory course in patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis显示文摘AIM To investigate management of patients who develop ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, including association of endoscopic findings with steroid-refractory symptoms and utility of infliximab as second-line therapy.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our centerwith metastatic melanoma who were treated with ipilimumab between March 2011 and May 2014. All patients received a standard regimen of intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 wk for four doses or until therapy was stopped due to toxicity or disease progression. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected on all patients. For patients who developed grade 2 or worse diarrhea(increase of 4 bowel movements per day), additional data were collected regarding details of gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopic findings and treatment course. Descriptive statistics were used.RESULTS A total of 114 patients were treated with ipilimumab during the study period and all were included. Sixteen patients(14%) developed ≥ grade 2 diarrhea. All patients were treated with high-dose corticosteroids(1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily or equivalent). Nine of 16 patients(56%) had ongoing diarrhea despite highdose steroids. Steroid-refractory patients received one dose of intravenous infliximab at 5 mg/kg, and all but one had brisk resolution of diarrhea. Fourteen of the patients underwent either colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy with variable endoscopic findings, ranging from mild erythema to colonic ulcers. Among 8 patients with ulcers demonstrated by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, 7 patients(88%) developed steroidrefractory symptoms requiring infliximab. With a median follow-up of 264 d, no major adverse events associated with prednisone or infliximab were reported.CONCLUSION In patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, the presence of colonic ulcers on endoscopy was associated with a steroid-refractory course. | Animesh Jain Evan J Lipson William H Sharfman Steven R Brant Mark G Lazarev | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，11： | 8 |
| 3 | Blood glucose changes surrounding initiation of tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors and conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis显示文摘AIM To determine the scope of acute hypoglycemic effects for certain anti-rheumatic medications in a large retrospective observational study. METHODS Patients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry were selected who, during follow-up, initiated treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi's, including etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, or certolizumab), prednisone, or conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs), and for whom proximate random blood glucose (RBG) measurements were available within a window 2-wk prior to, and 6 mo following, medication initiation. Similar data were obtained for patients with proximate values available for glycosylated hemoglobin A1C values within a window 2 mo preceding, and 12 mo following, medication initiation. RBG and A1C measurements were compared before and after initiation events using paired t-tests, and multivariate regression analysis was performed including established comorbidities and demographics.RESULTS Two thousands one hundred and eleven patients contributed at least one proximate measurement surrounding the initiation of any examined medication. A significant decrease in RBG was noted surrounding 653 individual hydroxychloroquine-initiation events(-3.68 mg/dL, P = 0.04), while an increase was noted for RBG surrounding 665 prednisone-initiation events(+5.85 mg/d L, P < 0.01). A statistically significant decrease in A1C was noted for sulfasalazine initiation, as measured by 49 individual initiation events(-0.70%, P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analyses, using methotrexate as the referent, suggest sulfasalazine (β =-0.58, P = 0.01) and hydroxychloroquine(β =-5.78, P = 0.01) use as predictors of lower post-medicationinitiation RBG and A1C values, respectively. Analysis by drug class suggested prednisone (or glucocorticoids) as predictive of higher medication-initiation event RBG among all start events as compared to DMARDs, while this analysis did not show any drug class-level effect for TNFi. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure(β = 4.69, P = 0.03) was predictive for higher post-initiation RBG values among all medication-initiation events.CONCLUSION No statistically significant hypoglycemic effects surrounding TNFi initiation were observed in this large cohort. Sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine may have epidemiologically significant acute hypoglycemic effects. | Patrick R Wood Evan Manning Joshua F Baker Bryant England Lisa Davis Grant W Cannon Ted R Mikuls Liron Caplan | 2018 | World Journal of Diabetes2018，9，2： | 8 |
| 4 | Pancreatitis: Preventing catastrophic haemorrhage显示文摘Pancreatitis represents nearly 3% of acute admissions to general surgery in United Kingdom hospitals and has a mortality of around 1%-7% which increases to around 10%-18% in patients with severe pancreatitis. Patients at greatest risk were those identified to have infected pancreatic necrosis and/or organ failure. This review seeks to highlight the potential vascular complications associated with pancreatitis that despite being relatively uncommon are associated with mortality in the region of 34%-52%. We examine the current evidence base to determine the most appropriate method by which to image and treat pseudo-aneurysms that arise as the result of acute and chronic inflammation of pancreas. We identify how early recognition of the presence of a pseudo-aneurysm can facilitate expedited care in an expert centre of a complex pathology that may require angiographic, percutaneous, endoscopic or surgical intervention to prevent catastrophic haemorrhage. | Richard PT Evans Moustafa Mabrouk Mourad Gunraj Pall Simon G Fisher Simon R Bramhall | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，30： | 6 |
| 5 | Estrogen deficiency leads to telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening and reduced cell proliferation in the adrenal gland of mice显示文摘雌激素缺乏调停变老,但是内在的机制尚待充分坚定。我们这里报导 aromatase 的指向的混乱在老鼠引起的雌激素缺乏在 vivo 在肾上腺导致 telomerase 活动的重要抑制。基因表示分析证明当雌激素不在时, telomerase 颠倒 transcriptase (TERT ) 基因表示在肾上腺外皮和肾的萎缩与损害房间增长联合被减少。在 c 工具包积极的干细胞被识别在肾的外皮的实质占据。telomeres 的分析表明那雌激素缺乏比那在肾的外皮导致显著地更短的 telomeres 在野类型(WT ) 控制鼠标。为了推进,建立雌激素的原因的效果,我们在这些雌激素缺乏的动物进行了雌激素代替治疗。为 3 个星期的雌激素的管理在雌激素缺乏的老鼠恢复 TERT 基因表示, telomerase 活动和房间增长。因此,我们第一次,那雌激素缺乏在 vivo 在鼠标的肾上腺引起 TERT 基因表示, telomerase 活动, telomere 维护,和房间增长的抑制的数据表演,建议那 telomerase 抑制并且 telomere 弄短可以调停在肾上腺的房间增长拘捕,因此贡献雌激素在生理的条件下面的导致缺乏的老化。 | Sharyn Bayne Margaret EE Jones He Li Alex R Pinto Evan R Simpson Jun-Ping Liu | 2008 | Cell Research2008，18，11： | 6 |
| 6 | Acute liver failure due to natural killer-like T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma: A case report and review of the Literature显示文摘尖锐的肝失败(ALF ) 是为肝移植要求立即的评估的一种医药紧急情况。我们描述与腹水,黄疸,和脑病介绍了并且被发现由于象 T 房间白血病 / 淋巴瘤一样的生来的杀手(NK ) 有 ALF 的一个病人的一个不平常的盒子。关键免疫显型是 CD2+ , CD3+ , CD7+ , CD56+ 。这诊断,在外部血和腹水基于调查结果,与肝活体检视被证实,并且是到肝移植的禁止徵候。hematologic 恶意是暴发性的肝的失败的一个不平常的原因的文学表演的评论,和那个象 NK 一样 T 房间白血病 / 淋巴瘤是一最近相对表示特性地认出了是的实体 CD3+ 和 CD56+ 。这个盒子证明那肝活体检视在与淋巴瘤 / 白血病能引起尖锐的肝失败的象 NK 一样 T 房间诊断肝的尖锐的肝失败,和那渗入的不平常的原因是必要的。 | Evan S Dellon Shannon R Morris Wozhan Tang Cherie H Dunphy Mark W Russo | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，25： | 5 |
| 7 | Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) - Update 2008显示文摘 | M Claudon D Cosgrove T Albrecht L Bolondi M Bosio F Calliada J.-M Correas K Darge C Dietrich M D’Onofrio D Evans C Filice L Greiner K J?ger N Jong E Leen R Lencioni D Lindsell A Martegani S Meairs C Nols?e F Piscaglia P Ricci G Seidel B Skjoldbye L Solbia | 2008 | Ultraschall in Med2008，，01： | 4 |
| 8 | Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) - Update 2008显示文摘 | M Claudon D Cosgrove T Albrecht L Bolondi M Bosio F Calliada J.-M Correas K Darge C Dietrich M D'Onofrio D Evans C Filice L Greiner K J?ger N Jong E Leen R Lencioni D Lindsell A Martegani S Meairs C Nols?e F Piscaglia P Ricci G Seidel B Skjoldbye L Solbia | 2008 | Ultraschall in Med2008，，01： | 3 |
| 9 | Long-term effect of aspirin on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | John Burn Anne-Marie Gerdes Finlay Macrae Jukka-Pekka Mecklin Gabriela Moeslein Sylviane Olschwang Diane Eccles D Gareth Evans Eamonn R Maher Lucio Bertario Marie-Luise Bisgaard Malcolm G Dunlop Judy WC Ho Shirley V Hodgson Annika Lindblom Jan Lubinski Pa | 2011 | The Lancet2011，，9809： | 3 |
| 10 | Phase partitioning of bionmolecule: solubility of amino acids显示文摘 | Chen C C Zhu Y Evans L R | 1989 | AICHE1989，5，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Posterior interosseous nerve localization within the proximal forearm-a patient normalized parameter显示文摘AIM To provide a 'patient-normalized' parameter in the proximal forearm. METHODS Sixty-three cadaveric upper extremities from thirty-five cadavers were studied. A muscle splitting approach was utilized to locate the posterior interosseous nerve(PIN) at the point where it emerges from beneath the supinator. The supinator was carefully incised to expose the midpoint length of the nerve as it passes into the forearm while preserving the associated fascial connections, thereby preserving the relationship of the nerve with the muscle. We measured the transepicondylar distance(TED), PIN distance in the forearm's neutral rotation position, pronation position, supination position, and the nerve width. Two individuals performed measurements using a digital caliper with inter-observer and intraobserver blinding. The results were analyzed with the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for paired samples. RESULTS In pronation, the PIN was within two confidence intervals of 1.0 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.7-1.3 TED); in neutral, within two confidence intervals of 0.84 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.5-1.1 TED); in supination,within two confidence intervals of 0.72 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.5-0.9 TED). The mean PIN distance from the lateral epicondyle was 100% of TED in a pronated forearm, 84% in neutral, and 72% in supination. Predictive accuracy was highest in supination; in all cases the majority of specimens(90.47%-95.23%) are within 2 cm of the forearm position-specific percentage of TED. When comparing right to left sides for TEDs with the signed Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for paired samples as well as a significance test(with normal distribution), the P-value was 0.0357(significance-0.05) indicating a significant difference between the two sides.CONCLUSION This 'patient normalized' parameter localizes the PIN crossing a line drawn between the lateral epicondyle and the radial styloid. Accurate PIN localization will aid in diagnosis, injections, and surgical approaches. | Srinath Kamineni Crystal R Norgren Evan M Davidson Ellora P Kamineni Andrew S Deane | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，4： | 2 |
| 12 | A matter of life and death显示文摘 | Douglas R Green Gerard I Evan | 2002 | Cancer Cell2002，，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Correlation of the non-Darcy flow coefficent显示文摘 | Liu X Civan F Evans R D | 1995 | JCPT1995，34，10： | 2 |
| 14 | Selective Deactivation of Gibberellins below the Shoot Apex is Critical to Flowering but Not to Stem Elongation of Lolium显示文摘赤霉素(气体) 在 GA1 的合成在植物高度和基因块引起戏剧的增加解释相形见绌 Mendel 的豌豆。为 flowering,是 GA5 重要在长天(LD ) 应答的草, Lolium。当我们这里出现,因为他们被 C-2 hydroxylation 在射击顶下面撤销, GA1 和 GA4 为 flowering 在他们的有效性被限制。相反,因为它的结构的保护, GA5 是有效的。切除植物的射击尖端很快降级[14C ] GA1,[14C ] GA4,并且[14C ] GA20 (>80% 在 6 ? h ) ,然而并非[14C ] GA5。偶然,编码二 2-oxidases 的基因和通常认为的 1617-epoxidase 最就在射击顶下面被表示(< 3 ? 公里) 。进一步击倒不成熟的茎(> 4 ? 公里) ,这些 GA 释放基因的表示被减少,那么允许 GA1 和 GA4 支持接近顶点的茎延伸。随后, GA 降级在花地导致的射击尖端和这些气体衰退能为花的开发变得活跃。稳定 GA4 的结构的变化证实在 florigenicity 和限制 GA 2-hydroxylation 之间的连接(例如 2-hydroxylation 和 C-2 di-methylation ) 。另外,一个 2-oxidase 禁止者(Trinexapac 乙醇) 提高了应用 GA4 的活动,作为做了在 16,17-dihydro 气体或在 C-13 hydroxylation 以后限制 C-16,17 epoxidation。总的来说,就在射击顶下面的 GA1 和 GA4 的释放有效地在 Lolium 限制他们的 florigenicity,相反地,与 GA5,对释放的 C-2 和 C-13 保护允许它的高 florigenicity。思索地,在草的射击顶的 GA 存取的如此的差别可能为把花的正式就职与开花期出现分开是重要的并且能因此在草食动物 predation 的条件下面影响他们的幸存。 | Rod W. King Lewis N. Mander Torben Asp Colleen R MacMillan Cheryl A. Blundell Lloyd T. Evans | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Polycrystalline silicon strain sensors 显示文摘 | French P J Evans A G R | 1985 | Sensors and Actuators A1985，7，： | 2 |
| 16 | Gene transfer approaches to the healing of bone and cartilage显示文摘 | Lieberman J R Ghivizzani S C Evans C H | 2002 | Mol Ther2002，6，： | 1 |
| 17 | A quantitative comparison of three grolishing techniques for the precessions TM process显示文摘 | WALKER D D BALDWIN A EVANS R | 2007 | SPIE2007，6671，： | 1 |
| 18 | Leaf respiration of show gum in light and dark interaction between temperature and irradiance 显示文摘 | ATKIN O K EVANS J R BALL M C | 2000 | Plant Physiology2000，122，： | 1 |
| 19 | The experimental behavior of double skin composite elements 显示文摘 | WRIGHT H ODUYEMI T EVANS H R | 1991 | Journal of Constructional Steel Research1991，，19： | 1 |
| 20 | Growth and properties of gold and nickel nanorods in thin film alumina 显示文摘 | Evans P Hendren W R Atldnson R | 2006 | Nanotechnology2006，17，： | 1 |
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