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| 1 | 团结经济:主要概念和问题显示文摘一直以来,主流经济学家都在告诉我们,以追求利润最大化为目的、不惜牺牲大多数人的利益以及生态环境为代价的资本主义经济或市场经济,是我们唯一的选择。然而,出现于上世纪80年代如今已在全球很多地方蓬勃发展的团结经济(即社会经济)却显示,一种为人民大众及其生存的环境服务的经济与社会并非是不可行的。这种新型的经济模式相信人具有非凡的创造力,可以根据自身所处的社会和生态环境找到解决经济问题的途径。而我们的任务是通过建立统一的、有力的社会运动识别他们,连接它们,从而实现另一种经济体系。因此,与其说团结经济是一种经济组织模式,不如说它是一个经济组织过程。它不是一种幻想,而是一个积极的、集体想像的过程。 | 伊桑·米勒(Ethan Miller) 罗晓旭(译) 刘亚(译) | 2012 | 开放时代2012，，6： | 17 |
| 2 | Video capsule endoscopy vs double-balloon enteroscopy in the diagnosis of small bowel bleeding:A systematic review and metaanalysis显示文摘AIM To compare the diagnostic accuracy of video capsule endoscopy(VCE) and double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE) in cases of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB) of vascular origin.METHODS MEDLINE(via PubMed), LILACS(via BVS) and Cochrane/CENTRAL virtual databases were searched for studies dated before 2017. We identified prospective and retrospective studies, including observational, cohort, single-blinded and multicenter studies, comparing VCE and DBE for the diagnosis of OGIB, and data of all the vascular sources of bleeding were collected. All patients were subjected to the same gold standard method. Relevant data were then extracted from each included study using a standardized extraction form. We calculated study variables(sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy) and performed a meta-analysis using Meta-Disc software.RESULTS In the per-patient analysis, 17 studies(1477 lesions) were included. We identified3150 exams(1722 VCE and 1428 DBE) in 2043 patients and identified 2248 sources of bleeding, 1467 of which were from vascular lesions. Of these lesions, 864(58.5%) were diagnosed by VCE, and 613(41.5%) were diagnosed by DBE. The pretest probability for bleeding of vascular origin was 54.34%. The sensitivity of DBE was 84%(95%CI: 0.82-0.86; heterogeneity: 78.00%), and the specificity was92%(95%CI: 0.89-0.94; heterogeneity: 92.0%). For DBE, the positive likelihood ratio was 11.29(95%CI: 4.83-26.40; heterogeneity: 91.6%), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.20(95%CI: 0.15-0.27; heterogeneity: 67.3%). Performing DBE after CE increased the diagnostic yield of vascular lesion by 7%, from 83% to90%.CONCLUSION The diagnostic accuracy of detecting small bowel bleeding from a vascular source is increased with the use of an isolated video capsule endoscope compared with isolated DBE. However, concomitant use increases the detection rate of the bleeding source. | Hélcio Pedrosa Brito Igor Braga Ribeiro Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura Wanderley Marques Bernardo Dalton Marques Chaves Rogério Kuga Ethan Dwane Maahs Robson Kiyoshi Ishida Eduardo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura Eduardo Guimaraes Hourneaux de Moura | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2018，10，12： | 10 |
| 3 | Design strategies and applications of biomaterials and devices for Hernia repair显示文摘Hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide,with a multibillion dollar global market.Implant design remains a critical challenge for the successful repair and prevention of recurrent hernias,and despite significant progress,there is no ideal mesh for every surgery.This review summarizes the evolution of prostheses design toward successful hernia repair beginning with a description of the anatomy of the disease and the classifications of hernias.Next,the major milestones in implant design are discussed.Commonly encountered complications and strategies to minimize these adverse effects are described,followed by a thorough description of the implant characteristics necessary for successful repair.Finally,available implants are categorized and their advantages and limitations are elucidated,including non-absorbable and absorbable(synthetic and biologically derived)prostheses,composite prostheses,and coated prostheses.This review not only summarizes the state of the art in hernia repair,but also suggests future research directions toward improved hernia repair utilizing novel materials and fabrication methods. | Surge Kalaba Ethan Gerhard Joshua S.Winder Eric M.Pauli Randy S.Haluck Jian Yang | 2016 | Bioactive Materials2016，1，1： | 8 |
| 4 | 欠膨胀氢气射流激波结构数值模拟研究显示文摘本文利用数值模拟的方法研究了高压氢气泄漏所产生的欠膨胀氢气射流的激波结构。采用二维轴对称几何模型,分别模拟了不同压力比下,出口直径为1 mm的氢气射流。模拟得到了不同压力比下激波结构的形态和特征尺寸,包括马赫盘的位置、直径和边界层的厚度等。通过计算结果与实验测量的比较表明,当泄漏源压力小于3 MPa时,数值模拟不能够得到实验中观测到的典型激波结构;而当泄漏源压力达到3 MPa及以上时,数值模拟就可以成功地计算欠膨胀射流的激波结构.此外,模拟还得到了沿射流中心线的气流马赫数、压力和温度等一系列气流参数。 | 李雪芳 王俞杰 罗峰 Ethan S Hecht 柯道友 | 2018 | 工程热物理学报2018，39，4： | 8 |
| 5 | Lesion-symptom mapping with NIHSS sub-scores in ischemic stroke patients显示文摘Background Lesion-symptom mapping(LSM)is a statistical technique to investigate the population-specific relationship between structural integrity and post-stroke clinical outcome.In clinical practice,patients are commonly evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),an 11-domain clinical score to quantitate neurological deficits due to stroke.So far,LSM studies have mostly used the total NIHSS score for analysis,which might not uncover subtle structure–function relationships associated with the specific sub-domains of the NIHSS evaluation.Thus,the aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility to perform LSM analyses with sub-score information to reveal category-specific structure–function relationships that a total score may not reveal.Methods Employing a multivariate technique,LSM analyses were conducted using a sample of 180 patients with NIHSS assessment at 48-hour post-stroke from the ESCAPE trial.The NIHSS domains were grouped into six categories using two schemes.LSM was conducted for each category of the two groupings and the total NIHSS score.Results Sub-score LSMs not only identify most of the brain regions that are identified as critical by the total NIHSS score but also reveal additional brain regions critical to each function category of the NIHSS assessment without requiring extensive,specialised assessments.Conclusion These findings show that widely available sub-scores of clinical outcome assessments can be used to investigate more specific structure–function relationships,which may improve predictive modelling of stroke outcomes in the context of modern clinical stroke assessments and neuroimaging. | Deepthi Rajashekar Matthias Wilms M Ethan MacDonald Serena Schimert Michael D Hill Andrew Demchuk Mayank Goyal Sean P Dukelow Nils Daniel Forkert | 2022 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2022，7，2： | 7 |
| 6 | Altered vasoactive intestinal peptides expression in irritable bowel syndrome patients and rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the vasoactive intestinal peptides(VIP) expression in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) induced colitis.METHODS: The VIP gene expression and protein plasma levels were measured in adult participants(45.8% male) who met Rome Ⅲ criteria for IBS for longer than 6 mo and in a rat model of colitis as induced by TNBS.Plasma and colons were collected from naive and inflamed rats.Markers assessing inflammation(i.e.,weight changes and myeloperoxidase levels) were assessed on days 2,7,14 and 28 and compared to controls.Visceral hypersensitivity of the rats was assessed with colo-rectal distension and mechanical threshold testing on hind paws.IBS patients(n = 12) were age,gender,race,and BMI-matched with healthy controls(n = 12).Peripheral whole blood and plasma from fasting participants was collected and VIP plasma levels were assayed using a VIP peptide-enzyme immunoassay.Human gene expression of VIP was analyzed using a custom PCR array.RESULTS: TNBS induced colitis in the rats was confirmed with weight loss(13.7 ± 3.2 g) and increased myeloperoxidase activity.Visceral hypersensitivity tocolo-rectal distension was increased in TNBS treated rats up to 21 d and resolved by day 28.Somatic hypersensitivity was also increased up to 14 d post TNBS induction of colitis.The expression of an inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase was significantly elevated in the intracellular granules of neutrophils in rat models following TNBS treatment compared to naive rats.This confirmed the induction of inflammation in rats following TNBS treatment.VIP plasma concentration was significantly increased in rats following TNBS treatment as compared to naive animals(P < 0.05).Likewise,the VIP gene expression from peripheral whole blood was significantly upregulated by 2.91-fold in IBS patients when compared to controls(P < 0.00001; 95%CI).VIP plasma protein was not significantly different when compared with controls(P = 0.193).CONCLUSION: Alterations in VIP expression may play a role in IBS.Therefore,a better understanding of the physiology of VIP could lead to new therapeutics. | Arseima Y Del Valle-Pinero LeeAnne B Sherwin Ethan M Anderson Robert M Caudle Wendy A Henderson | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，1： | 7 |
| 7 | 特朗普经济外交思想与实践:重返经济民族主义显示文摘美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的经济外交思想和政策深受经济民族主义影响,一切以美国利益为先。美国可能重回保护主义和重商主义的老路。特朗普已经明确表示不会遵从过去60年间美国的基本经济政策,排斥世界贸易组织,转向双边贸易协定谈判。特朗普对经济民族主义的笃信,对于美国各方面的政策和现存的自由世界秩序将会产生广泛而深远的影响。这种政策上的重大转变还会使得欧洲内部应对民粹主义、民族主义的斗争更加艰难。 | 张晓通 Ethan Robertson | 2017 | 边界与海洋研究2017，2，4： | 7 |
| 8 | Effect of angioembolisation versus surgical packing on mortality in traumatic pelvic haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND: The management of complex pattern of bleeding associated with pelvic trauma remains a big challenge for trauma surgeons. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of angioembolisation and pelvic packing in patients with pelvic trauma.METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of electronic information sources, including MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; the CENTRAL; the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry; Clinical Trials.gov; ISRCTN Register, and bibliographic reference lists. The primary outcome was defined as mortality. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using randomeffects models. Results are reported as the odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: We identified 3 observational studies reporting a total of 120 patients undergoing angioembolisation(n=60) or pelvic packing(n=60) for pelvic trauma. Reporting of the Injury Severity Score(ISS) was variable, with higher ISS in the pelvic packing group. The risk of bias was low in two studies, and moderate in one. The pooled analysis demonstrated that angioembolisation did not significantly reduce mortality in patients with pelvic trauma compared to surgery(OR=1.99; 95% CI= 0.83–4.78, P=0.12). There was mild between-study heterogeneity(I^2=0%, P=0.65).CONCLUSION: Our analysis found no significant difference in mortality between angioembolisation and pelvic packing in patients with traumatic pelvic haemorrhage. The current level of evidence in this context is very limited and insufficient to support the superiority of a treatment modality. Future research is required. | Ahmed El Muntasar Ethan Toner Oddai A.Alkhazaaleh Danaradja Arumugam Nikhil Shah Shahab Hajibandeh Shahin Hajibandeh | 2018 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2018，9，2： | 7 |
| 9 | 涉及中国企业的标准必要专利许可谈判及诉讼:最新进展与风险分析显示文摘标准必要专利是经济全球化过程中知识产权发展的一种必然趋势,有益于技术的统一协调发展和国际贸易成本的降低,但也会引发诸如专利劫持、专利许可费叠加以及专利反向劫持等风险。国际通行的FRAND原则旨在协调标准必要专利权人与实施者之间的利益关系,但这种框架性原则充满相当大的解释空间,在具体的专利许可费的计算问题上有不小的争议,法院对此采用了不同的方法。从近年涉及中国企业的标准必要专利诉讼案件来看,法院判决的许可费通常低于专利持有人要求的费用,而且这些判例趋向承认全球性的专利许可。对于参与全球化并且正在成为标准制定者的中国企业来说,认识到标准必要专利带来的知识产权风险对于其减少损失、积极开展海外专利布局有重要意义。 | 邓志红 Ethan Ma | 2019 | 电子知识产权2019，，1： | 6 |
| 10 | Polymeric biomaterials for biophotonic applications显示文摘With the growing importance of optical techniques in medical diagnosis and treatment,there exists a pressing need to develop and optimize materials platform for biophotonic applications.Particularly,the design of biocompatible and biodegradable materials with desired optical,mechanical,chemical,and biological properties is required to enable clinically relevant biophotonic devices for translating in vitro optical techniques into in situ and in vivo use.This technological trend propels the development of natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials to replace traditional brittle,nondegradable silica glass based optical materials.In this review,we present an overview of the advances in polymeric optical material development,optical device design and fabrication techniques,and the accompanying applications to imaging,sensing and phototherapy. | Dingying Shan Ethan Gerhard Chenji Zhang John William Tierney Daniel Xie Zhiwen Liu Jian Yang | 2018 | Bioactive Materials2018，3，4： | 6 |
| 11 | Football injuries of the ankle: A review of injury mechanisms, diagnosis and management显示文摘Football is the most popular sport worldwide and is associated with a high injury rate, most of which are the result of trauma from player contact. Ankle injuries are among the most commonly diagnosed injuries in the game. The result is reduced physical activity and endurance levels, lost game time, and considerable medical cost. Sports medicine professionals must employ the correct diagnostic tools and effective treatments and rehabilitation protocols to minimize the impact of these injuries on the player. This review examines the diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative rehabilitation for common football injuries of the ankle based on the clinical evidence provided in the current literature. | Raymond J Walls Keir A Ross Ethan J Fraser Christopher W Hodgkins Niall A Smyth Christopher J Egan James Calder John G Kennedy | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，1： | 5 |
| 12 | New spinal robotic technologies显示文摘Robotic systems in surgery have developed rapidly. Installations of the da Vinci Surgical System® (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA,, USA), widely used in urological and gynecological procedures, have nearly doubled in the United States from 2010 to 2017. Robotics systems in spine surgery have been adopted more slowly;however, users are enthusiastic about their applications in this subspecialty. Spinal surgery often requires fine manipulation of vital structures that must be accessed via limited surgical corridors and can require repetitive tasks over lengthy periods of time — issues for which robotic assistance is well-positioned to complement human ability. To date, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 7 robotic systems across 4 companies for use in spinal surgery. The available clinical data evaluating their efficacy have generally demonstrated these systems to be accurate and safe. A critical next step in the broader adoption of surgical robotics in spine surgery is the design and implementation of rigorous comparative studies to interrogate the utility of robotic assistance. Here we discuss current applications of robotics in spine surgery, review robotic systems FDA-approved for use in spine surgery, summarize randomized controlled trials involving robotics in spine surgery, and comment on prospects of robotic-assisted spine surgery. | Bowen Jiang Tej DAzad Ethan Cottrill Corinna CZygourakis Alex MZhu Neil Crawford Nicholas Theodore | 2019 | Frontiers of Medicine2019，13，6： | 5 |
| 13 | HIDA scan for functional gallbladder disorder: ensure that you know how the scan was done显示文摘BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing use of fatty meal(FM) as a substitute for cholecystokinin(CCK) in pain reproduction during hepato-imino-diacetic acid(HIDA) scan in functional gallbladder disorder, there are no studies comparing the differences between CCK and FM. The present study was to compare the efficacy of FM in comparison of CCK in FGBD application. METHODS: Patients undergoing HIDA scans from August 2013 to May 2014 were divided into two groups: those undergoing CCK-stimulated HIDA scan versus FM-stimulated HIDA scan. These groups were compared according to demographics and HIDA results.RESULTS: Of 153 patients, 70 received CCK and 83 FM. There was no difference regarding age, gender, gallstones, gallbladder ejection fraction and time to visualization. However, significantly more of the patients receiving CCK than FM experienced pain reproduction(61% vs 30%, P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of gallbladder contractility with a FM during HIDA is less than half as likely to reproduce biliary symptoms compared to CCK, despite similar ejection fractions and other parameters. It is essential that providers account for this difference when counseling patients regarding cholecystectomy for functional gallbladder disorder. | Naeem Goussous Hadia Maqsood Ethan Spiegler Gopal C Kowdley Steven C Cunningham | 2017 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2017，16，2： | 5 |
| 14 | Retrospective analysis of eFAST ultrasounds performed on trauma activations at an academic level-1 trauma center显示文摘BACKGROUND:Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)has become increasingly integrated into the practice of emergency medicine.A common application is the extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma(eFAST)exam.The American College of Emergency Physicians has guidelines regarding the scope of ultrasound in the emergency department and the appropriate documentation.The objective of this study was to conduct a review of performed,documented and billed eFAST ultrasounds on trauma activation patients.METHODS:This was a retrospective review of all trauma activation patients during a 10-month period at an academic level-one trauma center.A list comparing all trauma activations was crossreferenced with a list of all billed eFAST scans.Medical records were reviewed to determine whether an eFAST was indicated,performed,and appropriately documented.RESULTS:We found that 1,507 of 1,597 trauma patients had indications for eFAST,but 396(27%)of these patients did not have a billed eFAST.Of these 396 patients,87(22%)had documentation in the provider note that an eFAST was performed but there was no separate procedure note.The remaining 309(78%)did not have any documentation of the eFAST in the patient’s chart although an eFAST was recorded and reviewed during ultrasound quality assurance.CONCLUSION:A significant proportion of trauma patients had eFAST exams performed but were not documented or billed.Lack of documentation was multifactorial.Emergency ultrasound programs require appropriate reimbursement to support training,credentialing,equipment,quality assurance,and device maintenance.Our study demonstrates a significant absence of adequate documentation leading to potential revenue loss for an emergency ultrasound program. | Samantha Shwe Lauren Witchey Shadi Lahham Ethan Kunstadt Inna Shniter John C.Fox | 2020 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2020，11，1： | 5 |
| 15 | Mechanisms of Foxp3 + T Regulatory Cell-Mediated Suppression显示文摘 | Ethan M. Shevach | 2009 | Immunity2009，，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Discovering small molecules as Wnt inhibitors that promote heart regeneration and injury repair显示文摘There are intense interests in discovering pro regenerative medicine leads that can promote cardiac differentiation and regeneration,as well as repair damaged heart tissues.We have combined zebrafish embryo-based screens with cardiomyogenesis assays to discover selective small molecules that modulate heart development and regeneration with minimal adverse effects.Two related compounds with novel structures,named as Cardiomogen 1 and 2(CDMG1 and CDMG2),were identified for their capacity to promote myocardial hyperplasia through expansion of the cardiac progenitor cell population.We find that Cardiomogen acts as a Wnt inhibitor by targeting p-catenin and reducing Tcf/Lef-mediated transcription in cultured cells.CDMG treatment of amputated zebrafish hearts reduces nuclear p-catenin in injured heart tissue,increases cardiomyocyte(CM)proliferation,and expedites wound healing,thus accelerating cardiac muscle regeneration.Importantly,Cardiomogen can alleviate the functional deterioration of mammalian hearts after myocardial infarction.Injured hearts exposed to CDMG1 display increased newly formed CMs and reduced fibrotic scar tissue,which are in part attributable to the^-catenin reduction.Our findings indicate Cardiomogen as a Wnt inhibitor in enhancing injury-induced CM proliferation and heart regeneration,highlighting the values of embryo-based small molecule screens in discovery of effective and safe medicine leads. | Shuying Xie Wenbin Fu Guangju Yu Xueli Hu Kaa Seng Lai Xiangwen Peng Yating Zhou Xuejiao Zhu Ptamen Christov Leah Sawyer Terri T.Ni Gary A.Sulikowski Zhongzhou Yang Ethan Lee Chunyu Zeng Wei E.Wang Tao P.Zhong | 2020 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2020，12，1： | 4 |
| 17 | 皮肤病患者预防新型冠状病毒肺炎个人防护专家共识(第一版)显示文摘2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市陆续出现新型冠状病毒感染引起的以肺部病变为主的新发呼吸道传染病,即新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),之后呈现快速蔓延.该病具有发病迅速、传染性强、病程变化快等特点,因此采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施.当前全国正处于新型冠状病毒肺炎防控工作的紧张阶段,皮肤病患者多存在皮肤屏障功能受损情况,会增加易感性.因此,皮肤病患者的个人防护工作亦极为迫切.针对上述问题,我们组织美国、英国、澳大利亚,中国香港、中国澳门、中国台湾及中国多省市著名专家、教授联合编写了皮肤病患者个人防护专家共识,内容较为翔实,以满足当前抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情工作的需要,帮助皮肤病患者更好地做好个人防护. | 无 邓列华 孙乐栋 曾凡钦 赵华 王宏伟 姜群 林泽 | 2020 | 暨南大学学报(自然科学与医学版)2020，41，2： | 4 |
| 18 | MicroRNA-31 functions as an oncogenic microRNA in mouse and human lung cancer cells by repressing specific tumor suppressors显示文摘 | Liu Xi Sempere Lorenzo F Ouyang Haoxu Memoli Vincent A Andrew Angeline S Luo Yue Demidenko Eugene Korc Murray Shi Wei Preis Meir Dragnev Konstantin H Li Hua DiRenzo James Bak Mads Freemantle Sarah J Kauppinen Sakari Dmitrovsky Ethan | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2010，，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Induction of Wnt signaling antagonists and p21-activated kinase enhances cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration显示文摘Heart regeneration occurs by dedifferentiation and proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes(CMs).However,the signaling mechanisms by which injury induces CM renewal remain incompletely understood.Here,we find that cardiac injury in zebrafish induces expression of the secreted Wnt inhibitors,including Dickkopf 1(Dkkl),Dkk3,secreted Frizzled-related protein 1(sFrpl),and sFrp2,in cardiac tissue adjacent to injury sites.Experimental blocking of Wnt activity via Dkkl overexpression enhances CM proliferation and heart regeneration,whereas ectopic activation of Wnt8 signaling blunts injury-induced CM dedifferentiation and proliferation.Although Wnt signaling is dampened upon injury,the cytoplasmic β-catenin is unexpectedly increased at disarrayed CM sarcomeres in myocardial wound edges.Our analyses indicated that p21-activated kinase 2(Pak2)is induced at regenerating CMs,where it phosphorylates cytoplasmic β-catenin at Ser 675 and increases its stability at disassembled sarcomeres.Myocardial-specific induction of the phospho-mimeticβ-catenin(S675E)enhances CM dedifferentiation and sarcomere disassembly in response to injury.Conversely,inactivation of Pak2 kinase activity reduces the Ser 675-phosphorylatedβ-catenin(pS675-β-catenin)and attenuates CM sarcomere disorganization and dedifferentiation・Taken together,these findings demonstrate that coordination of Wnt signaling inhibition and Pak2/pS675-βYatenin signaling enhances zebrafish heart regeneration by supporting CM dedifferentiation and proliferation. | Xiangwen Peng Kaa Seng Lai Peilu She Junsu Kang Tingting Wang Guobao Li Yating Zhou jianjian Sun Daqing Jin Xiaolei Xu Lujian Liao Jiandong Liu Ethan Lee Kenneth D.Poss Tao P.Zhong | 2021 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2021，13，1： | 3 |
| 20 | 美国国家卒中协会对短暂性脑缺血发作诊治体系的推荐意见显示文摘短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)很常见,预示短期卒中风险很高。有关TIA患者紧急评价和治疗的循证推荐意见已经发表。然而,这些推荐意见的可靠和一致的执行需要对现有TIA诊治体系做出相应的改变。美国国家卒中协会召集了一个多学科专家小组,提出了医院内TIA诊治体系主要内容的推荐意见,以提高对TIA患者的诊疗质量。专家小组推荐医院制定标准化方案,以确保对TIA患者实施快速和完整的评价和处理,特别关注对卒中高危患者进行紧急而密切的观察。 | S. Claibome Johnston Gregory W. Albers Philip B. Gorelick Ethan Cumbler Jeffrey Klingman Michael A. Ross Meg Brisgs Jean Carlton Edward P. Sloan Uzma Vaince 李海峰(译) 洪宇(译) 王琦(译) | 2011 | 国际脑血管病杂志2011，19，9： | 3 |
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