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| 1 | 知识管理和知识管理系统:概念基础和研究课题显示文摘知识是一个广泛而抽象的概念——早在古希腊时代,西方哲学已经使用这一概念来界定认识论上的争议。然而,在最近的几年,越来越多的学者倾向于将知识视为一种重要的组织资源。信息系统研究人员顺应了组织知识和知识管理的发展趋势,在信息系统的基础上发展出了知识管理系统(KMS)。知识管理系统的目标是支持组织中知识的创造、转移和应用。知识和知识管理是复杂多面的概念,因此,从已有的丰富文献中,挖掘并找到知识管理的理论基础,这将对知识管理系统的有效开发和应用提供支撑。更确切地说,知识管理系统应该以相关领域现有的重要文献为基础展开研究。本文回顾并解释了不同领域中有关知识管理的理论文献,同时确定了重要的研究领域。我们提出了一个详细的组织知识管理的过程观点,并重点关注了信息技术在知识管理过程中的潜在作用。依据文献回顾和知识管理过程的分析,我们围绕知识管理过程和信息技术在该过程中的支持作用讨论几个重要的研究课题。 | Maryam Alavi Dorothy E. Leidner 郑文全(译) | 2012 | 管理世界2012，28，5： | 68 |
| 2 | 美国伤口造口失禁专科护理特色与启示显示文摘美国伤口造口失禁护理经过一个多世纪的发展,已形成系统的培训及实践标准,2010年被美国护士协会认证为'提供伤口造口和失禁护理及实践标准的护理实践专科',标志着伤口造口失禁护理由专业护理升级为专科护理,分析其发展特点与特色,可为我国专科护士的培养和使用提供借鉴和参考。 | 蒋琪霞 Sharon Lepper 郑美春 霍孝蓉 Dorothy Doughty | 2012 | 中华护理杂志2012，47，9： | 69 |
| 3 | Magnetic resonance imaging staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the head and neck显示文摘Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for staging nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the head and neck. This article will review the patterns of primary and nodal spread on MRI with reference to the latest 7th edition of the International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. | Ann Dorothy King Kunwar Suryaveer Singh Bhatia | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，5： | 25 |
| 4 | 英美国家公园体制比较及启示显示文摘中国国家公园体制建设是当前政界、业界与学界关注的热点。世界各国国家公园的设立背景、目的、程序、任务、土地、资金、机构等不尽相同,但均适应并体现了各国的政治、经济、社会文化特征。本文通过英美国家公园体制的比较,旨在促进我国国家公园的体制建设与持续发展。 | 徐菲菲 Dorothy Fox | 2015 | 旅游学刊2015，30，6： | 20 |
| 5 | What can imaging tell us about cognitive impairment and dementia?显示文摘Dementia is a contemporary global health issue with far reaching consequences, not only for affected individuals and their families, but for national and global socioeconomic conditions. The hallmark feature of dementia is that of irreversible cognitive decline, usually affecting memory, and impaired activities of daily living. Advances in healthcare worldwide have facilitated longer life spans, increasing the risks of developing cognitive decline and dementia in late life. Dementia remains a clinical diagnosis. The role of structural and molecular neuroimaging in patients with dementia is primarily supportive role rather than diagnostic, American and European guidelines recommending imaging to exclude treatable causes of dementia, such as tumor, hydrocephalus or intracranial haemorrhage, but also to distinguish between different dementia subtypes, the commonest of which is Alzheimer's disease. However, this depends on the availability of these imaging techniques at individual centres. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) techniques, such as functional connectivity MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular imaging techniques, such as 18 F fluoro-deoxy glucose positron emission tomography(PET), amyloid PET, tau PET, are currently within the realm of dementia research but are available for clinical use. Increasingly the research focus is on earlier identification of at risk preclinical individuals, for example due to family history. Intervention at the preclinical stages before irreversible brain damage occurs is currently the best hope of reducing the impact of dementia. | Leela Narayanan Alison Dorothy Murray | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，3： | 7 |
| 6 | MicroRNA-142-3p and microRNA-142-5p are downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and exhibit synergistic effects on cell motility显示文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs ) ,小非编码的 RNA 的一个重要的班,在 post-transcriptional 水平调整基因表示。miRNAs 涉及大量生物过程并且在不同疾病含有,包括癌症。在这研究, miRNA 介绍和 qRT-PCR 确认揭示了那 miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p 是当疾病进行了,显著地,在 hepatocellular 癌(HCC ) 和他们的表示层次的 downregulated 减少了。miR-142 的宫外的表达式显著地减少了 HCC 房间移植和侵略。miR-142-3p 或 miR-142-5p 的 Overexpression 压制了 HCC 房间移植,并且两个的 overexpression synergistically 禁止了房间移植,它显示 miR-142-3p 和 miR-142-5p 可以合作地调整房间运动。因为他们的不同种子序列, miR-142-3p 和 miR-142-5p,是从先锋 miR-142 的 3' 海滨和 5'-strands 导出的成熟 miRNAs,指向基因的不同水池。小径丰富分析与几个房间显示出 miR-142-3p 和 miR-142-5p 的通常认为的基因目标的一个强壮的协会联系活动性的小径包括那些调整肌动朊细胞骨架, adherens 连接,和焦点的粘附。重要地,很多通常认为的基因目标也是显著地在人的 HCC 房间的 upregulated。而且, miR-142 的 overexpression 显著地在 HCC 房间废除了压力纤维形成并且导致了房间收缩。这研究证明成熟 miR-142 对联合地调整不同发信号的串联的不同部件因此影响 HCC 房间的活动性。 | Felice Ho-Ching Tsang Sandy Leung-Kuen Au Lai Wei Dorothy Ngo-Yin Fan Joyce Man-Fong Lee Carmen Chak-Lui Wong Irene Oi-Lin Ng Chun-Ming Wong | 2015 | Frontiers of Medicine2015，9，3： | 7 |
| 7 | 民俗的社会基础显示文摘在1846年汤姆斯创用'民-俗/民-俗学'(Folk-Lore)一词之后,'民众'与'知识'之间的关系一直是民俗学者们考察本学科的关键问题。美国年轻一代的学者们在前辈的基础上进行反思并重新规划学科,其中,鲍曼提出了'社会基础'的方法,认为人们与民俗是通过经验性的可追溯的表演时间联系的,研究者应在民众和知识之间寻求'直接的和经验的'联系。与过去将民俗看作是历史的残余不同,今天的民俗被认为是日常生活中可共享的本土性,是存在于日常秩序与实践之中的,随着社会基础的分化,本土也具有分裂能力。构成一个民间共同体的是他们之间的社会联系,研究者不再以共同的血统和历史来定义'民',而是以身份认同来界定一个共同体的边界。此后,表演理论要求从意外事件中转变找到其社会基础,但在追求表演理论的过程中,民俗学家本身的身份认同遭到破坏,民俗学家应继续关注次等形式与下层民众,坚持学科定位。在现代技术生活的冲击下,民俗学家更应该持续关注社会基础。 | 王艺璇(译) 韦秋圆(译) 张昊楠(译) 王霄冰(校) | 2018 | 民间文化论坛2018，，6： | 3 |
| 8 | Telomerase regulation显示文摘 | Catherine Cifuentes-Rojas Dorothy E. Shippen | 2011 | Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis2011，，1： | 3 |
| 9 | Systematic review of agents for the management of gastrointestinal mucositis in cancer patients显示文摘 | Rachel J. Gibson Dorothy M. K. Keefe Rajesh V. Lalla Emma Bateman Nicole Blijlevens Margot Fijlstra Emily E. King Andrea M. Stringer Walter J. F. M. Velden Roger Yazbeck Sharon Elad Joanne M. Bowen | 2013 | Supportive Care in Cancer2013，，1： | 3 |
| 10 | Wilson disease:At the crossroads between genetics and epigeneticsdA review of the evidence显示文摘Environmental factors,including diet,exercise,stress,and toxins,profoundly impact disease phenotypes.This review examines how Wilson disease(WD),an autosomal recessive genetic disorder,is influenced by genetic and environmental inputs.WD is caused by mutations in the copper-transporter gene ATP7B,leading to the accumulation of copper in the liver and brain,resulting in hepatic,neurological,and psychiatric symptoms.These symptoms range in severity and can first appear anytime between early childhood and old age.Over 300 disease-causing mutations in ATP7B have been identified,but attempts to link genotype to the phenotypic presentation have yielded little insight,prompting investigators to identify alternative mechanisms,such as epigenetics,to explain the highly varied clinical presentation.Further,WD is accompanied by structural and functional abnormalities in mitochondria,potentially altering the production of metabolites that are required for epigenetic regulation of gene expression.Notably,environmental exposure affects the regulation of gene expression and mitochondrial function.We present the“multi-hit”hypothesis of WD progression,which posits that the initial hit is an environmental factor that affects fetal gene expression and epigenetic mechanisms and subsequent“hits”are environmental exposures that occur in the offspring after birth.These environmental hits and subsequent changes in epigenetic regulation may impact copper accumulation and ultimately WD phenotype.Lifestyle changes,including diet,increased physical activity,stress reduction,and toxin avoidance,might influence the presentation and course of WD,and therefore may serve as potential adjunctive or replacement therapies. | Dorothy A.Kieffer Valentina Medici | 2017 | Liver Research2017，1，2： | 3 |
| 11 | Pirfenidone inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in keloid keratinocytes显示文摘Background:Keloids are benign fibroproliferative skin lesions that are difficult to treat and become a lifetime predicament for patients.Several treatment modalities have been put forth,but as yet no satisfactory approach to the prevention or treatment of keloids has been identified.The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)has been implicated in keloid scarring,as keloid keratinocytes display an EMT-like phenotype.This study investigated the potential of pirfenidone,an antifibrotic agent,to counteract EMT-like alterations in keloid keratinocytes,including gene expression,cell migratory and proliferative functions.Methods:Normal and keloid keratinocytes were isolated from discarded normal skin tissues and from resected keloid tissues,respectively.Cells were quiesced for 24 h without epidermal growth factor DS-Qi1MCDigital and were exposed to transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-β1;10 ng/mL),with or without pirfenidone(400μg/mL),for an additional 24 h.The effects of pirfenidone on cytotoxicity,cell migration,cell proliferation,and on expression of genes and proteins involved in EMT were assayed.Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA using Sigma Plot.Results:We found that pirfenidone did not elicit any cytotoxic effect at concentrations up to 1000μg/mL.A statistically significant dose-dependent decrease in basal cell proliferation rate was noted in both normal and keloid keratinocytes when exposed to pirfenidone at concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000μg/mL.Pirfenidone significantly decreased basal cell migration in both normal and keloid keratinocytes,but a significant decrease in TGF-β1-induced cell migration was seen only in keloid keratinocytes.Significant inhibition of the expression of TGF-β1-induced core EMT genes,namely hyaluronan synthase 2,vimentin,cadherin-11,and wingless-type MMTV integration site family,member 5A along with fibronectin-1,was observed in both normal and keloid keratinocytes treated with pirfenidone.In addition,the protein levels of vimentin and fibronectin were significantly reduced by pirfenidone(400μg/mL)in both normal and keloid keratinocytes.Conclusions:For the first time,this study shows the efficacy of pirfenidone in inhibiting the EMTlike phenotype in keratinocytes derived from keloids,suggesting that pirfenidone may counteract a critical contributor of keloid progression and recurrence. | Latha Satish Alexander Evdokiou Eleni Geletu Jennifer M.Hahn Dorothy M.Supp | 2020 | Burns & Trauma2020，8，1： | 3 |
| 12 | Explaining Corporate Environmental Performance: How Does Regulation Matter?显示文摘 | Robert A. Kagan Neil Gunningham Dorothy Thornton | 2003 | Law & Society Review2003，，： | 3 |
| 13 | Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central Tanzania显示文摘Background:Understanding the interactions between malaria and agriculture in Tanzania is of particular significance when considering that they are the major sources of illness and livelihoods.The objective of this study was to determine knowledge,perceptions and practices as regards to malaria,climate change,livelihoods and food insecurity in a rural farming community in central Tanzania.Methods:Using a cross-sectional design,heads of households were interviewed on their knowledge and perceptions on malaria transmission,symptoms and prevention and knowledge and practices as regards to climate change and food security.Results:A total of 399 individuals(mean age=39.8±15.5 years)were interviewed.Most(62.41%)of them had attained primary school education and majority(91.23%)were involved in crop farming activities.Nearly all(94.7%)knew that malaria is acquired through a mosquito bite.Three quarters(73%)reported that most people get sick from malaria during the rainy season.About 50%of the respondents felt that malaria had decreased during the last 10 years.The household coverage of insecticide treated mosquito nets(ITN)was high(95.5%).Ninety-six percent reported to have slept under a mosquito net the previous night.Only one in four understood the official Kiswahili term(Mabadiliko ya Tabia Nchi)for climate change.However,there was a general understanding that the rain patterns have changed in the past 10 years.Sixty-two percent believed that the temperature has increased during the same period.Three quarters of the respondents reported that they had no sufficient production from their own farms to guarantee food security in their household for the year.Three quarters(73.0%)reported to having food shortages in the past five years.About half said they most often experienced severe food shortage during the rainy season.Conclusion:Farming communities in Kilosa District have little knowledge on climate change and its impact on malaria burden.Food insecurity is common and community-based strategies to mitigate this need to be established.The findings call for an integrated control of malaria and food insecurity interventions. | Benjamin K Mayala Carolyn A Fahey Dorothy Wei Maria M Zinga Venera M Bwana Tabitha Mlacha Susan F Rumisha Grades Stanley Elizabeth H Shayo Leonard EG Mboera | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Utility of Pulse Oximetry Screening for Hepatopulmonary Syndrome显示文摘 | Miguel R. Arguedas Harpreet Singh Dorothy K. Faulk Michael B. Fallon | 2007 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2007，，6： | 2 |
| 15 | Senescent human hepatocytes express a unique secretory phenotype and promote macrophage migration显示文摘AIM:To develop a model of stress-induced senescence to study the hepatocyte senescence associated secretory phenotype(SASP).METHODS:Hydrogen peroxide treatment was used to induce senescence in the human Hep G2 hepatocyte cell line.Senescence was confirmed by cytochemical staining for a panel of markers including Ki67,p21,heterochromatin protein 1β,and senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity.Senescent hepatocytes were characterised by gene expression arrays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and conditioned media was used in proteomic analyses,a human chemokine protein array,and cell migration assays to characterise the composition and function of the hepatocyte SASP.RESULTS:Senescent hepatocytes induced classical markers of senescence(p21,heterochromatin protein1β,and senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity);and downregulated the proliferation marker,Ki67.Hepatocyte senescence induced a 4.6-fold increase in total secreted protein(P=0.06)without major alterations in the protein profile.Senescence-induced genes were identified by microarray(Benjamini Hochbergcorrected P<0.05);and,consistent with the increase in secreted protein,gene ontology analysis revealed a significant enrichment of secreted proteins among inducible genes.The hepatocyte SASP included characteristic factors such as interleukin(IL)-8 and IL-6,as well as novel components such as SAA4,IL-32and Fibrinogen,which were validated by q PCR and/or chemokine protein array.Senescent hepatocyteconditioned medium elicited migration of inflammatory(granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF-derived),but not non-inflammatory(CSF-1-derived)human macrophages(P=0.022),which could contribute to a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in vivo,or facilitate the clearance of senescent cells.CONCLUSION:Our novel model of hepatocyte senescence provides insights into mechanisms by which senescent hepatocytes may promote chronic liver disease pathogenesis. | Katharine M Irvine Richard Skoien Nilesh J Bokil Michelle Melino Gethin P Thomas Dorothy Loo Brian Gabrielli Michelle M Hill Matthew J Sweet Andrew D Clouston Elizabeth E Powell | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，47： | 2 |
| 16 | Production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases during liver fibrosis progression of chronic hepatitis C patients显示文摘BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)participate in the degradation of extracellular matrix compounds,maintaining the homeostasis between fibrogenesis and fibrolytic processes in the liver.However,there are few studies on the regulation of liver MMPs in fibrosis progression in humans.AIM To assess the production activity and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C(CHC).METHODS A prospective,cross-sectional,multicenter study was conducted.CHC patients were categorized in fibrosis grades through FibroTest®and/or FibroScan®.Serum MMP-2,-7,and-9 were determined by western blot and multiplex suspension array assays.Differences were validated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.The Spearman correlation coefficient and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated.Collagenolytic and gelatinase activity was determined through the Azocoll substrate and zymogram test,whereas tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 production was determined by dot blot assays.RESULTS Serum concentrations of the MMPs evaluated were higher in CHC patients than in healthy subjects.MMP-7 distinguished early and advanced stages,with a correlation of 0.32(P<0.001),and the area under the receiver operating characteristic displayed moderate sensitivity and specificity for MMP-7 in F4(area under the receiver operating characteristic,0.705;95%confidence interval:0.605-0.805;P<0.001).Collagenolytic activity was detected at F0 and F1,whereas gelatinase activity was not detected at any fibrosis stage.Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 determination showed upregulation in F0 and F1 but downregulation in F2(P<0.001).CONCLUSION High concentrations of inactive MMPs were present in the serum of CHC patients,reflecting the impossibility to restrain liver fibrosis progression.MMPs could be good diagnostic candidates and therapeutic targets for improving novel strategies to reverse liver fibrosis in CHC. | Moises Martinez-Castillo Abigail Hernandez-Barragan Ivonne Flores-Vasconcelos Marina Galicia-Moreno Dorothy Rosique-Oramas Jose Luis Perez-Hernandez Fatima Higuera-De la Tijera Eduardo E Montalvo-Jave Aldo Torre-Delgadillo Paula Cordero-Perez Linda Muñoz-Espinosa David Kershenobich Gabriela Gutierrez-Reyes | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，2： | 2 |
| 17 | The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for the Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Seventh) Edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours显示文摘 | Peter Goldstraw John Crowley Kari Chansky Dorothy J. Giroux Patti A. Groome Ramon Rami-Porta Pieter E. Postmus Valerie Rusch Leslie Sobin | 2007 | Journal of Thoracic Oncology2007，，8： | 2 |
| 18 | Impaired swallowing mechanics of post radiation therapy head and neck cancer patients: A retrospective videofluoroscopic study显示文摘AIM: To determine swallowing outcomes and hyolaryngeal mechanics associated with post radiation therapy head and neck cancer(rt HNC) patients using videofluoroscopic swallow studies. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, video-fluoroscopic images of rt HNC patients(n = 21) were compared with age and gender matched controls(n = 21). Penetration-aspiration of the bolus and bolus residue were measured as swallowing outcome variables. Timing and displacement measurements of the anterior and posterior muscular slings elevating the hyolaryngeal complex were acquired. Coordinate data of anatomical landmarks mapping the action of the anterior muscles(suprahyoid muscles) and posterior muscles(long pharyngeal muscles) were used to calculate the distance measurements, and slice numbers were used to calculate time intervals. Canonical variate analysis with post-hoc discriminant function analysis was performed on coordinate data to determine multivariate mechanics of swallowing associated with treatment. Pharyngeal constriction ratio(PCR) was also measured to determine if weak pharyngeal constriction is associated with post radiation therapy.RESULTS: The rt HNC group was characterized by poor swallowing outcomes compared to the control group in regards to: Penetration-aspiration scale(P < 0.0001), normalized residue ratio scale(NRRS) for the valleculae(P = 0.002) and NRRS for the piriform sinuses(P = 0.003). Timing and distance measurements of the anterior muscular sling were not significantly different in the two groups, whereas for the PMS time of displacement was abbreviated(P = 0.002) and distance of excursion was reduced(P = 0.02) in the rt HNC group. A canonical variate analysis shows a significant reduction in pharyngeal mechanics in the rt HNC group(P < 0.0001). The PCR was significantly higher in the test group than the control group(P = 0.0001) indicating reduced efficiency in pharyngeal clearance. CONCLUSION: Using videofluoroscopy, this study shows rt HNC patients have worse swallowing outcomes associated with reduced hyolaryngeal mechanics and pharyngeal constriction compared with controls. | William G Pearson Jr Alisa A Davidoff Zachary M Smith Dorothy E Adams Susan E Langmore | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 19 | Field Test of Optical and Electrical Fire Detectors in Simulated Fire Scenes in a Cable Tunnel显示文摘这份报纸论述火察觉者的三种类型的严峻的结果:电的热察觉到电报,光纤维拉曼温度察觉到察觉者,和光纤维布拉格栅栏(FBG ) 温度察觉到察觉者,在二模仿的火,在一个电报的场面掘。在有有限热放射和没有火焰的小规模的火,火警报仅仅来自直接与热来源一起联系的热传感器。在有大约 5 | Dian FAN Hongjun DING Dorothy Y. WANG Desheng JIANG | 2014 | Photonic Sensors2014，4，2： | 2 |
| 20 | SGLT2 Inhibitors:A New Dawn for Recurrent/Refractory Cirrhotic Ascites显示文摘To the editor,There remains a huge unmet need for treatment of cirrhotic ascites.In this letter,we propose that the sodiumglucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitor may be a promising complement for current therapy.Ascites is the commonest complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis,and it significantly deteriorates quality of life and shortens survival.Loop diuretics and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are the mainstay of pharmacological treatments,1 but decades of use have brought little survival benefit.Moreover,recurrent or refractory ascites often leads to unplanned re-hospitalization for patients with decompensated cirrhosis and consequently causes a substantial economic burden. | Yuan Gao Lai Wei Dorothy Da Zhang Yu Chen Bing Hou | 2021 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2021，9，6： | 2 |
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