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| 1 | History of Helicobacter pylori,duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer and gastric cancer显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection underlies gastric ulcer disease,gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease.The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy(i.e.,duodenal ulcer with non-atrophic and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer with atrophic gastritis).Gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer have been known for thousands of years.Ulcers are generally non-fatal and until the 20th century were difficult to diagnose.However,the presence and pattern of gastritis in past civilizations can be deduced based on the diseases present.It has been suggested that gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer both arose or became more frequent in Europe in the 19th century.Here,we show that gastric cancer and gastric ulcer were present throughout the 17th to 19th centuries consistent with atrophic gastritis being the predominant pattern,as it proved to be when it could be examined directly in the late 19th century.The environment before the 20th century favored acquisition of H.pylori infection and atrophic gastritis(e.g.,poor sanitation and standards of living,seasonal diets poor in fresh fruits and vegetables,especially in winter,vitamin deficiencies,and frequent febrile infections in childhood).The latter part of the 19th century saw improvements in standards of living,sanitation,and diets with a corresponding decrease in rate of development of atrophic gastritis allowing duodenal ulcers to become more prominent.In the early 20th century physician’s believed they could diagnose ulcers clinically and that the diagnosis required hospitalization for'surgical disease'or for'Sippy'diets.We show that while H.pylori remained common and virulent in Europe and the United States,environmental changes resulted in changes of the pattern of gastritis producing a change in the manifestations of H.pylori infections and subsequently to a rapid decline in transmission and a rapid decline in all H.pylori-related diseases. | David Y Graham | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，18： | 52 |
| 2 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 3 | Immunotherapy in gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer is the second most common of cancerrelated deaths worldwide.In the majority of cases gastric cancer is advanced at diagnosis and although medical and surgical treatments have improved,survival rates remain poor.Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful and promising clinical approach for treatment of cancer and has shown major success in breast cancer,prostate cancer and melanoma.Here,we provide an overview of concepts of modern cancer immunotherapy including the theory,current approaches,remaining hurdles to be overcome,and the future prospect of cancer immunotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer.Adaptive cell therapies,cancer vaccines,gene therapies,monoclonal antibody therapies have all been used with some initial successes in gastric cancer.However,to date the results in gastric cancer have been disappointing as current approaches often do not stimulate immunity efficiently allowing tumors continue to grow despite the presence of a measurable immune response.Here,we discuss the identification of targets for immunotherapy and the role of biomarkers in prospectively identifying appropriate subjects or immunotherapy.We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells escape host immunosurveillance and produce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.We show how advances have provided tools for overcoming the mechanisms of immunosuppression including the use of monoclonal antibodies to block negative regulators normally expressed on the surface of T cells which limit activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T cells.Immunotherapy has greatly improved and is becoming an important factor in such fields as medical care and welfare for human being.Progress has been rapid ensuring that the future of immunotherapy for gastric cancer is bright. | Satoko Matsueda David Y Graham | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，7： | 19 |
| 4 | Operative link for gastritis assessment vs operative link on intestinal metaplasia assessment显示文摘AIM:To compare the reliability of gastritis staging sys-tems in ranking gastritis-associated cancer risk in a large series of consecutive patients.METHODS:Gastric mucosal atrophy is the precancer-ous condition in which intestinal-type gastric cancer(GC)most frequently develops.The operative link for gas-tritis assessment(OLGA)staging system ranks the GC risk according to both the topography and the severity of gastric atrophy(as assessed histologically on the ba-sis of the Sydney protocol for gastric mucosal biopsy).Both cross-sectional and long-term follow-up trials have consistently associated OLGA stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ with a higher risk of GC.A recently-proposed modification of the OLGA staging system(OLGIM)basically incorporates the OLGA frame,but replaces the atrophy score with an assessment of intestinal metaplasia(IM)alone.A series of 4552 consecutive biopsy sets(2007-2009)was re-trieved and reassessed according to both the OLGA and the OLGIM staging systems.A set of at least 5 biopsy samples was available for all the cases considered.RESULTS:In 4460 of 4552 cases(98.0%),both the high-risk stages(Ⅲ + Ⅳ)and the low-risk stages(0 +Ⅰ + Ⅱ)were assessed applying the OLGA and OL-GIM criteria.Among the 243 OLGA high-risk stages,14(5.8%)were down-staged to a low risk using OLGIM.The 67(1.5%)incidentally-found neoplastic lesions(intraepithelial or invasive)were consistently associated with high-risk stages,as assessed by both OLGA and OLGIM(P < 0.001 for both).Two of 34 intestinal-type GCs coexisting with a high-risk OLGA stage(stage Ⅲ)were associated with a low-risk OLGIM stage(stage Ⅱ).CONCLUSION:Gastritis staging systems(both OLGA and OLGIM)convey prognostically important informa-tion on the gastritis-associated cancer risk.Because of its clinical impact,the stage of gastritis should be included as a conclusive message in the gastritis histol-ogy report.Since it focuses on IM alone,OLGIM staging is less sensitive than OLGA staging in the identif ication of patients at high risk of gastric cancer. | Massimo Rugge Matteo Fassan Marco Pizzi Fabio Farinati Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo Mario Plebani David Y Graham | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，41： | 19 |
| 5 | Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in the 21^(st) century显示文摘Restitution of normal fat absorption in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency remains an elusive goal. Although many patients achieve satisfactory clinical results with enzyme therapy, few experience normalization of fat absorption, and many, if not most, will require individualized therapy. Increasing the quantity of lipase administered rarely eliminates steatorrhea but increases the cost of therapy. Enteric coated enzyme microbead formulations tend to separate from nutrients in the stomach precluding coordinated emptying of enzymes and nutrients. Unprotected enzymes mix well and empty with nutrients but are inactivated at pH 4 or below. We describe approaches for improving the results of enzyme therapy including changing to, or adding, a different product, adding non-enteric coated enzymes,(e.g., giving unprotected enzymes at the start of the mealand acid-protected formulations later), use of antisecretory drugs and/or antacids, and changing the timing of enzyme administration. Because considerable lipid is emptied in the first postprandial hour, it is prudent to start therapy with enteric coated microbead prior to the meal so that some enzymes are available during that first hour. Patients with hyperacidity may benefit from adjuvant antisecretory therapy to reduce the duodenal acid load and possibly also sodium bicarbonate to prevent duodenal acidity. Comparative studies of clinical effectiveness of different formulations as well as the characteristics of dispersion, emptying, and dissolution of enteric-coated microspheres of different diameter and density are needed; many such studies have been completed but not yet made public. We discuss the history of pancreatic enzyme therapy and describe current use of modern preparations, approaches to overcoming unsatisfactory clinical responses, as well as studies needed to be able to provide reliably effective therapy. | Tony Trang Johanna Chan David Y Graham | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 17 |
| 6 | Autoimmune gastritis:Pathologist's viewpoint显示文摘Western countries are seeing a constant decline in the incidence of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, coupled with a rising epidemiological and clinical impact of autoimmune gastritis. This latter gastropathy is due to autoimmune aggression targeting parietal cells through a complex interaction of auto-antibodies against the parietal cell proton pump and intrinsic factor, and sensitized T cells. Given the specific target of this aggression, autoimmune gastritis is typically restricted to the gastric corpus-fundus mucosa. In advanced cases, the oxyntic epithelia are replaced by atrophic(and metaplastic) mucosa, creating the phenotypic background in which both gastric neuroendocrine tumors and(intestinal-type) adenocarcinomas may develop. Despite improvements in our understanding of the phenotypic changes or cascades occurring in this autoimmune setting, no reliable biomarkers are available for identifying patients at higher risk of developing a gastric neoplasm. The standardization of autoimmune gastritis histology reports and classifications in diagnostic practice is a prerequisite for implementing definitive secondary prevention strategies based on multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches integratingendoscopy, serology, histology and molecular profiling. | Irene Coati Matteo Fassan Fabio Farinati David Y Graham Robert M Genta Massimo Rugge | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，42： | 8 |
| 7 | Hybrid therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection:A systemic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To compare the effectiveness of hybrid therapy with other recommended regimens using metaanalysis.METHODS: Bibliographical searches for randomized trials comparing hybrid and other therapies were performed in Pubmed, the Cochrane Library and relevant congresses up to February 2015 using the following keywords(all fields and/or me SH):('Helicobacter pylori ' or 'H. pylori') and('hybrid therapy' or 'sequential-concomitant therapy'). metaanalyses were performed with Cochrane Review manager 5.1. The random effect model proposed by Der Simonian and Laird and the mantel-Haenszel method were used to estimate the pooled relative risk and 95%CI of the efficacy outcomes between hybrid therapy and other eradication therapies. RESULTS: Eight studies(2516 subjects) met entry criteria. The antimicrobial resistance in the study groups ranged from 6.9% to 23.5%. The mean cure rates of hybrid therapy by intention-to-treat(ITT) and perprotocol analyses were 88.5%(n = 1207; range: 80.0% to 97.4%) and 93.3%(n = 1109; range: 85.7% to99.1%), respectively. meta-analysis showed there was no significant difference in ITT eradication rate between hybrid and sequential therapy(relative risk: 1.01; 95%CI: 0.92-1.11). Subgroup analysis revealed hybrid therapy was more effective than sequential therapy in the non-Italian populations(95%CI: 1.01-1.18) and was only less effective in one, Italian population(95%CI: 0.83-0.98). There was no significant difference in eradication rate between hybrid therapy and concomitant therapy(95%CI: 0.93-1.02). No head-tohead comparisons of hybrid therapy and standard triple therapy or bismuth quadruple therapy were found. However, a multicenter, randomized trial showed that reverse hybrid therapy was superior to standard triple therapy(95.5% vs 88.6% ITT; P = 0.011).CONCLUSION: Hybrid therapy appears to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for H. pylori infection in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance. | Ping-I Hsu Pei-Chin Lin David Y Graham | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，45： | 8 |
| 8 | Metachronous gastric cancer after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication显示文摘The high incidence of gastric cancer in Japan initially resulted in establishment of a country-wide gastric cancer screening program to detect early and treatable cancers. In 2013 countrywide Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication was approved coupled with endoscopy to assess for the presence of chronic gastritis. Current data support the notion that cure of the infection in those with non-atrophic gastritis will prevent development of gastric cancer. However, while progression to more severe damage is halted in those who have already developed, atrophic gastritis/gastric atrophy remain at risk for subsequent development of gastric cancer. That risk is directly related to the extent and severity of atrophic gastritis. Methods to stratify cancer risk include those based on endoscopic assessment of the atrophic border, histologic grading, and non-invasive methods based on serologic testing of pepsinogen levels. Continued surveillance is required because those with atrophic gastritis/gastric atrophy retain considerable gastric cancer risk even after H. pylori eradication. Those who have already experienced a resectable early gastric cancer are among those at highest risk as metachronous lesions are frequent even after H. pylorieradication. We review the role of H. pylori and effect of H. pylori eradication indicating the incidence and the predictive factors on development of metachronous cancer after endoscopic therapy of early gastric cancer. Studies to refine risk markers to stratify for risk, surveillance methods, intervals, and duration after successful H. pylori eradication, and whether adjuvant therapy would change risk are needed. | Akiko Shiotani Ken Haruma David Y Graham | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 5 |
| 9 | Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions显示文摘Active host-pathogen interactions take place during infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Outcomes of these interactions determine the efficiency of viral infection and subsequent disease progression. HIV- infected cells respond to viral invasion with various defensive strategies such as innate, cellular and humoral immune antiviral mechanisms. On the other hand, the virus has also developed various offensive tactics to suppress these host cellular responses. Among many of the viral offensive strategies, HIV-1 viral auxiliary proteins (Tat, Rev, Nef, Vif, Vpr and Vpu) play important roles in the host-pathogen interaction and thus have significant impacts on the outcome of HIV infection. One of the best examples is the interaction of Vif with a host cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G. Although specific roles of other auxiliary proteins are not as well described as Vif-APOBEC3G interaction, it is the goal of this brief review to summarize some of the preliminary findings with the hope to stimulate further discussion and investiga- tion in this exhilarating area of research. | Lin LI Hai Shan LI C. David PAUZA Michael BUKRINSKY Richard Y ZHAO | 2005 | Cell Research2005，15，11： | 5 |
| 10 | Analysis of a Successful Immune Response against Hepatitis C Virus显示文摘 | Stewart Cooper Ann L Erickson Erin J Adams Joe Kansopon Amy J Weiner David Y Chien Michael Houghton Peter Parham Christopher M Walker | 1999 | Immunity1999，，4： | 3 |
| 11 | A case of steroid-dependent myeloid granulocytic sarcoma masquerading as Crohn's disease显示文摘Small bowel tumors and Crohn's disease are common causes of small bowel obstruction.Early stage neoplasms can easily be mistaken for Crohn's disease.Therefore,thorough work-ups including imaging studies and endoscopic evaluation with biopsies are critical for accurate diagnosis.Here we report a case of an otherwise healthy female with progressive onset of multiple,recurrent obstructive symptoms secondary to terminal ileal narrowing who was referred for management of steroid-dependent Crohn's disease.After thorough evaluation,the diagnosis was revised to myeloid granulocytic sarcoma involving the terminal ileum.In this case,a delay in diagnosis can be detrimental for prognosis,as myeloid granulocytic sarcoma is highly predictive of underlying acute myeloid leukemia and needs urgent referral for chemotherapy and/or resection. | Lola Y Kwan Stephan R Targan David Q Shih | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，19： | 3 |
| 12 | Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Paul Y Kwo Eric J Lawitz Jonathan McCone Eugene R Schiff John M Vierling David Pound Mitchell N Davis Joseph S Galati Stuart C Gordon Natarajan Ravendhran Lorenzo Rossaro Frank H Anderson Ira M Jacobson Raymond Rubin Kenneth Koury Lisa D Pedicone Clifford | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9742： | 3 |
| 13 | High-pressure methane and carbon dioxide adsorption on dry and moisture-equilibrated Pennsylvanian coals显示文摘 | B.M Krooss F van Bergen Y Gensterblum N Siemons H.J.M Pagnier P David | 2002 | International Journal of Coal Geology2002，，2： | 3 |
| 14 | Reproducibility of the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus: A reaffirmation显示文摘 | Elizabeth Montgomery Mary P Bronner John R Goldblum Joel K Greenson Marian M Haber John Hart Laura W Lamps Gregory Y Lauwers Audrey J Lazenby David N Lewin Marie E Robert Alicia Y Toledano Yu Shyr Kay Washington | 2001 | Human Pathology2001，，4： | 3 |
| 15 | 治疗 幽门螺杆菌根治后应用质子泵抑制剂可能增加胃癌发病风险显示文摘背景 幽门螺杆菌感染是胃癌发生最常见的诱因。幽门螺杆菌根治是否能降低或消除胃癌发病风险取决于根治时的风险。对于有黏膜损害和胃酸过少者,幽门螺杆菌根治可恢复泌酸。幽门螺杆菌根治后应用质子泵抑制剂(PPI)可极度减少胃酸分泌。然而,幽门螺杆菌根治后应用PPI对于胃癌发生风险的影响仍不清楚。 | Mimi Chang Tan David Y Graham 霍永丰(译) | 2018 | 英国医学杂志中文版2018，21，11： | 3 |
| 16 | Topographic patterns of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer显示文摘 | Mauro Cassaro Massimo Rugge Oscar Gutierrez Gioacchino Leandro David Y Graham Robert M Genta | 2000 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2000，，： | 2 |
| 17 | 雄激素抵抗型前列腺癌的新观念与治疗新方案显示文摘 | SARTOR Oliver PATTEN David Y NG San San 贺大林 吴开杰 吴开杰(译) | 2009 | 现代泌尿外科杂志2009，14，4： | 2 |
| 18 | 在有煽动性、非煽动性的腹的疼痛显型的孩子的 interleukin-6 和桅杆房间的反的关系显示文摘 AIM: To investigate interleukin-6 (IL-6), mast cells, enterochromaffin cells, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and substance P in the gastrointestinal mucosa of children with abdominal pain. METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gas-trointestinal biopsy blocks from patients (n = 48) with non-inflammatory bowel disease (irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain) and inflammatory bowel disease were sectioned and stained for IL-6, mast cells, enterochromaffin cells, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and substance P. All children had chronic abdominal pain as part of their presenting symptoms. Biopsy phenotype was confirmed by a pathologist, blinded to patient information. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and independent sample t tests were used to compare differences between the inflammatory and non-inflammatory groups. RESULTS: The cohort (n = 48), mean age 11.9 years (SD = 2.9), 54.2% females, 90% Caucasian, was comprised of a non-inflammatory (n = 26) and an inflammatory (n = 22) phenotype. There was a significant negative correlation between substance P expression and mast cell count (P = 0.05, r = -0.373). Substance P was found to be expressed more often in female patient biopsies and more intensely in the upper gastrointestinal mucosa as compared to the lower mucosa. There were significantly increased gastrointestinal mucosal immunoreactivity to IL-6 (P = 0.004) in the inflammatory phenotype compared to non-inflammatory. Additionally, we found significantly increased mast cells (P = 0.049) in the mucosa of the non-inflammatory phenotype compared to the inflammatory group. This difference was particularly noted in the lower colon biopsies. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study yield preliminary evidence in identifying biomarkers of undiagnosed abdominal pain in children and may suggest candidate genes for future evaluation. | Wendy A Henderson Ravi Shankar Tara J Taylor Arseima Y Del Valle-Pinero David E Kleiner Kevin H Kim Nader N Youssef | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2012，3，6： | 2 |
| 19 | Wheeling Rates of Reactive Power Flow under Marginal Cost Pricing显示文摘 | LI Y Z DAVID A K | 1994 | IEEE Transactions on Power Systems1994，9，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Cerebral hemispheric lateralization in cardiac autonomic control显示文摘 | Byung W Y Carlos A M David F C | 1997 | Arch Neurol1997，54，： | 1 |
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