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| 1 | Molecular mechanisms of liver ischemia reperfusion injury:Insights from transgenic knockout models显示文摘Ischemia reperfusion injury is a major obstacle in liver resection and liver transplantation surgery.Understanding the mechanisms of liver ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI) and developing strategies to counteract this injury will therefore reduce acute complications in hepatic resection and transplantation,as well as expanding the potential pool of usable donor grafts.The initial liver injury is initiated by reactive oxygen species which cause direct cellular injury and also activate a cascade of molecular mediators leading to microvascular changes,increased apoptosis and acute inflammatory changes with increased hepatocyte necrosis.Some adaptive pathways are activated during reperfusion that reduce the reperfusion injury.IRI involves a complex interplay between neutrophils,natural killer T-cells cells,CD4+ T cell subtypes,cytokines,nitric oxide synthases,haem oxygenase-1,survival kinases such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription,Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/Akt and nuclear factor κβ pathways.Transgenic animals,particularly genetic knockout models,have become a powerful tool at elucidating mechanisms of liver ischaemia reperfusion injury and are complementary to pharmacological studies.Targeted disruption of the protein at the genetic level is more specific and maintained than pharmacological inhibitors or stimulants of the same protein.This article reviews the evidence from knockout models of liver IRI about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver IRI. | Gourab Datta Barry J Fuller Brian R Davidson | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，11： | 50 |
| 2 | 有关慢性阻塞性肺疾病的几个值得关注的问题显示文摘COPD已成为全球医学界的难题,其病死率不断攀升,速度超过任何其他主要死因,而且是各种死因中发病率继续上升的惟一病种。目前COPD已超过脑血管疾病,成为美国第3大主要死亡原因。据估计,从2003年到2033年中国死于COPD的人数将累计超过6500万。随着COPD造成疾病负担的增长,我们对其影响程度及有效管理的认识也在提高。为全面优化COPD的管理,有必要对COPD需要注意的问题进行深入探讨。为此,我们对COPD患者顽固性呼吸困难、肺动脉高压及合并肺癌的管理等重要临床问题进行简要论述。 | 乔人立 Bruce L Davidson Darcy Marciniuk | 2012 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2012，35，1： | 17 |
| 3 | 静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的新进展:第九版静脉血栓栓塞性疾病指南展望显示文摘美国胸科医师学会(ACCP)修订的静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)指南的第九版即将发表.在前8版指南的影响下,临床医生对VTE的临床意义已有较多了解[1-2].现选择VTE临床研究中的数项重要的新进展综述如下,包括门诊患者诊断VTE的新思路,浅表静脉血栓形成(superfacial venous thrombosis,SVT)的意义,新型固定剂量的口服非维生素K拮抗剂的抗凝作用,减半剂量阿替普酶进行溶栓治疗肺栓塞( pulmonary embolism,PE)的研究及下腔静脉滤器植入后长期抗凝及肝素诱导的血小板减少症( heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,HIT)的处理.这些进展可能在新版ACCP指南的修订中有所体现. | 乔人立 Bruce L Davidson | 2012 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2012，35，2： | 11 |
| 4 | The enhanced element enrichment in the supercritical states of granite–pegmatite systems显示文摘In this paper, we show that supercritical fluids have a greater significance in the generation of pegmatites,and for ore-forming processes related to granites than is usually assumed. We show that the supercritical melt or fluid is a silicate phase in which volatiles; principally H_2O are completely miscible in all proportions at magmatic temperatures and pressures. This phase evolves from felsic melts and changes into hydrothermal fluids, and its unique properties are particularly important in sequestering and concentrating low abundance elements, such as metals. In our past research, we have focused on processes observed at upper crustal levels, however extensive work by us and other researchers have demonstrated that supercritical melt/fluids should be abundant in melting zones at deep-crustal levels too. We propose that these fluids may provide a connecting link between lower and upper crustal magmas,and a highly efficient transport mechanism for usually melt incompatible elements. In this paper, we explore the unique features of this fluid which allow the partitioning of variouselements and compounds, potentially up to extreme levels,and may explain various features both of mineralization and the magmas that produced them. | Rainer Thomas Paul Davidson Karen Appel | 2019 | Acta Geochimica2019，38，3： | 8 |
| 5 | ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING AND FORECASTING RAPIDLY CHANGING PHENOMENA IN TROPICAL CYCLONES显示文摘This review of new understanding and forecasting of tropical cyclones(TCs) is based on presentations at the International Top-level Forum on Rapid Change Phenomena in Tropical Cyclones in Haikou, China. The major topics are the sudden changes in tracks, rapid changes in structure and intensity, rapid changes in rainfall, and advances in forecasting and forecaster requirements. Although improved track forecast guidance has been achieved with the Australian ACCESS-TC model and in track forecasts to 120 h by the China Meteorological Administration, there is a continuing need for better understanding and improved track forecast guidance. Advances in understanding of processes related to rapid intensification(RI), secondary eyewall formation, mechanisms controlling inner-core structure and size changes, and structure and intensity changes at landfall have been achieved, but progress in prediction of rapid changes in structure and intensity has been slow. Taking into account complex interactions involved in TC-related rainfall, a prioritized list of physical processes that govern rainfall from landfalling TCs in China has been developed. While forecaster participants were generally encouraged by the progress being made, they expressed a strong desire for a transition of that new knowledge to timely and reliable forecast guidance products. | RUSSELL L.ELSBERRy LIANSHOU CHEN JIM DAVIDSON ROBERT ROGERS YUQING WANG LIGUANG WU | 2013 | Tropical Cyclone Research and Review2013，2，1： | 7 |
| 6 | Current protective strategies in liver surgery显示文摘During liver resection surgery for cancer or liver transplantation,the liver is subject to ischaemia (reduction in blood flow) followed by reperfusion (restoration of blood flow),which results in liver injury [ischemiareperfusion (IR) or IR injury]. Modulation of IR injury can be achieved in various ways. These include hypothermia,ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) (brief cycles of ischaemia followed by reperfusion of the organ before the prolonged period of ischaemia i.e. a conditioning response),ischaemic postconditioning (conditioning after the prolonged period of ischaemia but before the reperfusion),pharmacological agents to decrease IR injury,genetic modulation of IR injury,and machine perfusion (pulsatile perfusion). Hypothermia decreases the metabolic functions and the oxygen consumption of organs. Static cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution reduces IR injury and has prolonged organ storage and improved the function of transplanted grafts. There is currently no evidence for any clinical advantage in the use of alternate solutions for static cold storage. Although experimental data from animal models suggest that IPC,ischaemic postconditioning,various pharma-cological agents,gene therapy,and machine perfusion decrease IR injury,none of these interventions can be recommended in clinical practice. This is because of the lack of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of ischaemic postconditioning,gene therapy,and machine perfusion. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of IPC and various pharmacological agents have demonstrated biochemical or histological improvements but this has not translated to clinical benefit. Further well designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to assess the various new protective strategies in liver resection. | Kurinchi S Gurusamy Hector D Gonzalez Brian R Davidson | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，48： | 7 |
| 7 | Early acute kidney injury after liver transplantation: Predisposing factors and clinical implications显示文摘AIM To investigate the additional clinical impact of hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury(HIRI) on patients sustaining acute kidney injury(AKI) following liver transplantation.METHODS This was a single-centre retrospective study of consecutive adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) between January 2013 and June 2014. Early AKI was identified by measuring serum creatinine at 24 h post OLT(> 1.5 × baseline) or by the use of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration(CVVHF) during the early post-operative period. Patients with and without AKI were compared to identify risk factors associated with this complication. Peak serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) within 24 h post-OLT was used as a surrogate marker for HIRI and severity was classified as minor(< 1000 IU/L), moderate(1000-5000 IU/L) or severe(> 5000 IU/L). The impact on time to extubation, intensive care length of stay, incidence of chronic renal failure and 90-d mortality were examined firstly for each of the two complications(AKI and HIRI) alone and then as a combined outcome. RESULTS Out of the 116 patients included in the study, 50% developed AKI, 24% required CVVHF and 70% sustainedmoderate or severe HIRI. Median peak AST levels were 1248 IU/L and 2059 IU/L in the No AKI and AKI groups respectively(P = 0.0003). Furthermore, peak serum AST was the only consistent predictor of AKI on multivariate analysis P = 0.02. AKI and HIRI were individually associated with a longer time to extubation, increased length of intensive care unit stay and reduced survival. However, the patients who sustained both AKI and moderate or severe HIRI had a longer median time to extubation(P < 0.001) and intensive care length of stay(P = 0.001) than those with either complication alone. Ninety-day survival in the group sustaining both AKI and moderate or severe HIRI was 89%, compared to 100% in the groups with either or neither complication(P = 0.049). CONCLUSION HIRI has an important role in the development of AKI post-OLT and has a negative impact on patient outcomes, especially when occurring alongside AKI. | Suehana Rahman Susan V Mallett Brian R Davidson | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，18： | 6 |
| 8 | Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit显示文摘 | Juliana Barr Gilles L. Fraser Kathleen Puntillo E. Wesley Ely Céline Gélinas Joseph F. Dasta Judy E. Davidson John W. Devlin John P. Kress Aaron M. Joffe Douglas B. Coursin Daniel L. Herr Avery Tung Bryce R. H. Robinson Dorrie K. Fontaine Michael A. Ramsa | 2013 | Critical Care Medicine2013，，1： | 6 |
| 9 | 100-Gb/s undersea transmission with high spectral efficiency using pre-filtered QPSK modulation format显示文摘We provide a review of our recent 100-Gb/s, high spectral efficiency (SE) experiment targeting transoceanic and regional undersea transmission distances. We demonstrated that simple pre-filtering at the transmitter together with a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detection algorithm can significantly improve SE. We transmitted 96×100-Gb/s pre-filtered polarization division multiplexed return-to-zero quadrature phase shift keyed (PDM-RZ-QPSK) channels with 300% SE over 10608 km using 52-km spans of 150-μm 2 fiber and simple single-stage erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). We also achieved 400% SE over 4368 km using similar techniques. | J.-X. Cai Y. Cai C. R. Davidson D. G. Foursa A. Lucero O. Sinkin W. Patterson A. Pilipetskii G. Mohs Neal S. Bergano | 2010 | Chinese Optics Letters2010，8，9： | 6 |
| 10 | Bio-Economic Strategy to Combat Non-Point Pollution in China显示文摘While non-point pollution from agriculture has become an increasingly serious problem in China, some progress has been made in studying the causal biophysical processes. However, few studies have assessed the economic consequences of non-point pollution in China or the policy options that could be employed to combat it. In this work a sustainable strategy to control non-point pollution from crop production, which involved taxing excessive inputs of irrigation water and fertilizer, was proposed. The approach taken to assess these measures combined biophysical and economic models,having a trade-off between economic returns and an improved environment. A proven and practical spatially referenced water and nutrient management model was used to determine the quantities of excessive irrigation water and fertilizer for specific soil and land use. Also, a set of indicators were proposed for evaluating the effects of agricultural economic output and agricultural practices on the environment. | B. DAVIDSON R.E.WHITE | 2005 | Pedosphere2005，15，2： | 6 |
| 11 | 红曲对中度血脂升高美国人调节血脂作用的临床研究显示文摘[目的]评价在饮食控制的情况下红曲(RYRCholestin)对美国高血脂人群的降脂作用和安全性。[方法]开放标记,自身对照,多中心临床试验。187名美国高血脂人群入选(血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇3.50—4.92mmol/L,总胆固醇5.18—7.25mmol/L;男116人,女71人),162入完成试验。在整个试验中受试者遵照美国国家胆固醇教育计划的饮食要求。试验的前4周仅控制饮食,第5周至第12周连续服用8周RYRCholestin(每日2.4g)。[结果]经前4周饮食控制,血清脂质各指标无显著变化。口服RYRCholestin8周后,血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和三酰甘油分别降低16.6%,24.O%和25.2%,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高14.3%(P〈0.001)。显效率为79.0%,有效率为97.5%。停服14d(2周)后,血脂各指标回到试验前水平。试验中共发现可能与服用产品相关的、轻度的29项不良反应。[结论]RYRCholestin的耐受性良好,它可降低血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和三酰甘油,升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。停服2用后受试者的血脂各项指标均恢复到试验前水平。 | 陆继红 Kermit Bonovich Harry Colfer Michael Davidson Carlos A.Dujovne David L.Fried Mitchell Greenspan Ronald P.Karlsberg Stephen P.King Craig F.LaForce Marc Litt J.Robert McGhee 曾润海 朱佳石 谈宁芝 | 2013 | 上海预防医学2013，25，9： | 5 |
| 12 | 围手术期患者的安全:正确的患者、正确的手术、正确的部位——一项多因素、跨部门的干预性研究显示文摘背景为围手术期患者提供安全的环境非常重要。基于这一点,我们在围手术期实施了“患者安全第一”的政策。方法在干预性研究的第一阶段(2001—2002年),我们首先制定并实施干预性研究中组织和教育方面的内容。2003至2005年为研究的实施阶段。根据我们的零忍受原则,在手术等候区内一旦发现患者的麻醉或手术准备工作中有重大差错,该患者就被送回病房(失败),并等到差错得到纠正后再进行手术。结果共有15856例患者参加了研究。在研究实施阶段的3年中,有112例患者被送回病房(0.71%)。与2003年的数据相比,2004年和2005年发生的重大错误明显减少,且有统计学意义(2003、2004和2005年的数据分别为1.04%、0.59%和0.49%)。而且,逐步逻辑回归方法分析结果显示,手术前准备不充分所致重大错误的发生率逐年下降,具有统计学意义(比值比=1.48,95%CI:1.16~1.87)。此外,在2003、2004和2005年中,各年的失败发生平均间隔时间分别为6.6、11.2和14.7天(P〈0.03)。最后,不仅患者手术前准备工作在研究期间有显著改善(P〈0.0001);而且,使患者手术前准备工作评分为100%的可能性也有明显增加(P〈0.001)。结论教育和提高认识能减少围手术期的错误发生率。但是,即使有详细规划的制度,也无法达到无差错的环境。因此,检查和全面分析应该持续不断地进行。 | Edna Zohar Yossi Noga Ehud Davidson Margalit Kantor Brian Fredman 周全红(译) 江伟(校) | 2008 | 麻醉与镇痛2008，4，4： | 5 |
| 13 | CMOS-compatible high-index doped silica waveguide with an embedded silicon-nanocrystal strip for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion显示文摘Passive all-optical signal processors that overcome the electronic bottleneck can potentially be the enabling components for the next-generation high-speed and lower power consumption systems. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a CMOS-compatible waveguide and its application to the all-optical analog-to-digital converter(ADC) under the nonlinear spectral splitting and filtering scheme. As the key component of the proposed ADC, a 50 cm long high-index doped silica glass spiral waveguide is composed of a thin silicon-nanocrystal(Si-nc) layer embedded in the core center for enhanced nonlinearity. The device simultaneously possesses low loss(0.16 dB/cm at 1550 nm), large nonlinearity(305 W^-1∕km at 1550 nm), and negligible nonlinear absorption.A 2-bit ADC basic unit is achieved when pumped by the proposed waveguide structure at the telecom band and without any additional amplification. Simulation results that are consistent with the experimental ones are also demonstrated, which further confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme for larger quantization resolution.This demonstrated approach enables a fully monolithic solution for all-optical ADC in the future, which can digitize broadband optical signals directly at low power consumption. This has great potential on the applications of high-speed optical communications, networks, and signal processing systems. | YUHUA LI KUN ZHU ZHE KANG WAI LOK HO ROY DAVIDSON CHAO LU BRENT ELITTLE SAI TAK CHU | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，10： | 5 |
| 14 | 重载列车系统的动力效应对铁路斜拉桥地震响应的影响显示文摘本文为了评估重载列车系统的动力效应对大跨度铁路桥梁地震响应的影响,研究了重载列车静止在铁路斜拉桥上时的动力特性以及地震响应,采用了基于多刚体力学的空间车辆模型与附加质量模型两种不同的方式对车辆进行建模。计算中考虑了桥梁的几何非线性,并采用了三类地震波进行数值模拟。在对比有无车辆情况下的桥梁响应时,考虑了重载货车满载以及空载的因素。结果表明,在地震发生时,满载的列车会使得主梁弯矩以及拉索的索力峰值分别增加80%与40%,但是主梁的加速度峰值则会显著下降。证明了重载列车存在一定阻尼效应,且该阻尼效应对于满载列车来说更为显著。在此基础上,提出了一种用于桥梁抗震验算的简化2自由度车辆模型,并证明了其可靠性。 | 朱志辉 龚威 王琨 刘宇 DAVIDSON Michael T 蒋丽忠 | 2020 | Journal of Central South University2020，27，7： | 5 |
| 15 | Detection of a novel DNA virus (TTV)in blood donors and blood products显示文摘 | Simmonds P Davidson F Lycett C | | 0，，： | 5 |
| 16 | Elastography for the diagnosis of severity of fibrosis in chronic liver disease: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy显示文摘 | E.A. Tsochatzis K.S. Gurusamy S. Ntaoula E. Cholongitas B.R. Davidson A.K. Burroughs | 2010 | Journal of Hepatology2010，，4： | 5 |
| 17 | 肝素诱发的血小板减少治疗指南显示文摘推荐总结
所有患者使用任何一种肝素时,用药开始都要计数血小板。
在100天之内曾接受肝素治疗的患者,需要计数血小板用药前及用药24小时后血小板数目。
所有使用普通肝素的患者,在用药的4~14天之间需要隔日计数血小板。 | Keeling D Davidson S Watson H 曹丽娟(编译) 王兆钺(审校) | 2006 | 国际输血及血液学杂志2006，29，6： | 5 |
| 18 | NATURAL PRODUCTIVITY OF ACRYLIC ACID AND DIMETHYL SULPHIDE DURING A SUMMER BLOOM OF PHAEOCYSTIS POUCHETII IN ANTARCTIC COASTAL WATER显示文摘Water samples were collected over P. pouchelii bloom period beginning in November 1988, in 15m water column, from 10km offshore of Davis Station, Vestfold Hill, Antarctica. The concentrations of acrylic acid and dimethyl sulphide (DMS), which are toxic compounds in the water samples, were determined by HPLC and GC. The result shows that the concentration of acrylic acid varies in 0.001-0.510vmol·L-1 and the concentration of DMS in 0.003-0.588 mol·L-1 during P. pouchetii bloom. Both the increased since late December 1988 and reached the highest concentration in early January 1989, then they decreased rapidly and returned to lower level from middle January to February in agreement with variation in cell number of the unicell alga P. pouchetii. The correlation coefficients between acrylic acid and P. pouchetii and between DMS and P. pouchetii are all 0.998. It is undoubted that P. pouchetii produced acrylic acid and DMS. The highest productivity of acrylic acid and DMS were 9.76×10-8 | Andrew Davidson Harry Burton | 1992 | Chinese Journal of Polar Science1992，3，1： | 5 |
| 19 | Hepatitis E virus in patients with acute severe liver injury显示文摘AIM: To examine the incidence of hepatitis E(HepE) in individuals with acute liver injury severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant unit.METHODS: Hepatitis E virus(HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries causing severe illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying chronic liver disease. HepE infection isoften under diagnosed, as clinicians can be reluctant to test patients who have not travelled to regions traditionally considered hyperendemic for HepE. There are few data regarding the significance of HEV in patients with very severe acute liver injury in developed countries. Eighty patients with acute severe liver injury attending the Scottish Liver Transplant unit were tested for HEV and anti-HEV IgG and IgM. Severe acute liver injury was defined as a sudden deterioration in liver function confirmed by abnormal liver function tests and coagulopathy or presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Eighty percent of these patients were diagnosed with paracetomol overdose. No patients had a history of chronic or decompensated chronic liver disease at time of sampling. IgG positive samples were quantified against the World Health Organization anti-HEV IgG standard. Samples were screened for HEV viral RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Four cases of hepatitis E were identified. Three of the four cases were only diagnosed on retrospective testing and were initially erroneously ascribed to drug-induced liver injury and decompensated chronic liver disease, with the cause of the decompensation uncertain. One case was caused by HEV genotype 1 in a traveller returning from Asia, the other three were autochthonous and diagnosed on retrospective testing. In two of these cases(where RNA was detected) HEV was found to be genotype 3, the most prevalent genotype in developed countries. Three patients survived, two of whom had been misdiagnosed as having drug induced liver injury. The fourth patient died from sepsis and liver failure precipitated as a result of hepatitis E infection and previously undiagnosed cirrhosis. Histopathology data to date is limited to mainly that seen for endemic HepE. All patients, with the exception of patient 1, demonstrated characteristics of HepE infection, as seen in previously described locally acquired cases.CONCLUSION: In patients with acute severe liver injury, HEV testing should be part of the initial diagnostic investigation algorithm irrespective of suspected initial diagnosis, age or travel history. | Claire Louise Crossan Kenneth J Simpson Darren G Craig Christopher Bellamy Janice Davidson Harry R Dalton Linda Scobie | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，6： | 4 |
| 20 | 中文版急性冠脉综合征反应指数量表信度及效度研究显示文摘目的:评价中文版急性冠脉综合征反应指数量表(C-ACSRI)的信度及效度。方法:采用翻译并修订的C-ACSRI对224例冠心病患者进行调查,并对结果进行信度、效度分析。结果:以Cronbach’sα系数检验总量表及态度、信念分量表的信度,Kuder-Rechardson 20(K-R20)系数检验知识分量表的信度,结果分别为0.81(总量表)、0.79(知识)、0.87(态度)、0.71(信念)。总量表的内容效度指数为0.93;分量表与总量表得分之间的相关系数为0.58~0.82,P<0.01;主成分分析经方差最大正交旋转后,知识分量表抽取2个因子共解释总方差的31.6%,态度、信念分量表抽取3个因子共解释总方差的61.0%。结论:中文版急性冠脉综合征反应指数量表具有良好的信度及效度,可作为临床医务人员和研究人员进行筛查、测量的工具。 | 曹英娟 曹秀玲 娄凤兰 高晖 刘庆红 Patricia M Davidson | 2013 | 中国护理管理2013，13，5： | 4 |
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