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| 1 | GIScience research challenges for realizing discrete global grid systems as a Digital Earth显示文摘Increasing data resources are available for documenting and detecting changes in environmental,ecological,and socioeconomic processes.Currently,data are distributed across a wide variety of sources(e.g.data silos)and published in a variety of formats,scales,and semantic representations.A key issue,therefore,in building systems that can realize a vision of earth system monitoring remains data integration.Discrete global grid systems(DGGSs)have emerged as a key technology that can provide a common multi-resolution spatial fabric in support of Digital Earth monitoring.However,DGGSs remain in their infancy with many technical,conceptual,and operational challenges.With renewed interest in DGGS brought on by a recently proposed standard,the demands of big data,and growing needs for monitoring environmental changes across a variety of scales,we seek to highlight current challenges that we see as central to moving the field(s)and technologies of DGGS forward.For each of the identified challenges,we illustrate the issue and provide a potential solution using a reference DGGS implementation.Through articulation of these challenges,we hope to identify a clear research agenda,expand the DGGS research footprint,and provide some ideas for moving forward towards a scaleable Digital Earth vision.Addressing such challenges helps the GIScience research community to achieve the real benefits of DGGS and provides DGGS an opportunity to play a role in the next generation of GIS. | Majid Hojati Colin Robertson Steven Roberts Chiranjib Chaudhuri | 2022 | Big Earth Data2022，6，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Colonoscopy quality with Entonox? vs intravenous conscious sedation:18608 colonoscopy retrospective study显示文摘AIM To compare colonoscopy quality with nitrous oxide gas(Entonox?) against intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus opioid.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively held database of 18608 colonoscopies carried out in Lothian health board hospitals between July 2013 and January 2016.The quality of colonoscopies performed with Entonox was compared to intravenous conscious sedation(abbreviated in this article as IVM).Furthermore,the quality of colonoscopies performed with an unmedicated group was compared to IVM.The study used the following key markers of colonoscopy quality:(1) patient comfort scores;(2) caecal intubation rates(CIRs); and (3) polyp detection rates (PDRs).We used binary logistic regression to model the data.RESULTS There was no difference in the rate of moderate-toextreme discomfort between the Entonox and IVM groups (17.9% vs 18.8%; OR = 1.06,95%CI: 0.95-1.18,P = 0.27).Patients in the unmedicated group were less likely to experience moderate-to-extreme discomfort than those in the IVM group(11.4% vs 18.8%; OR = 0.71,95%CI: 0.60-0.83,P < 0.001).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the Entonox and IVM groups(94.4% vs 93.7%; OR = 1.08,95%CI: 0.92-1.28,P = 0.34).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the unmedicated and IVM groups (94.2% vs 93.7%; OR = 0.98,95%CI: 0.79-1.22,P = 0.87).Polyp detection in the Entonox group was not different from IVM group (35.0% vs 33.1%; OR = 1.01,95%CI: 0.93-1.10,P = 0.79).Polyp detection in the unmedicated group was not significantly different from the IVM group (37.4% vs 33.1%; OR = 0.97,95%CI: 0.87-1.08,P = 0.60).CONCLUSION The use of Entonox was not associated with lower colonoscopy quality when compared to intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus opioid. | Alexander R Robertson Nicholas A Kennedy James A Robertson Nicholas I Church Colin L Noble | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2017，9，9： | 3 |
| 3 | Polyclonal and allergen-induced cytokine responses in adults with asthma: Resolution of asthma is associated with normalization of IFN-γ responses显示文摘 | Joanne M. Smart Elisabeth Horak Andrew S. Kemp Colin F. Robertson Mimi L.K. Tang | 2002 | The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2002，，3： | 2 |
| 4 | ‘Step‐port’ l aparoscopic c ystgastrostomy for the management of organized solid predominant post‐acute fluid collections after severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘 | Simon C. Gibson Bernard F. Robertson Euan J. Dickson Colin J. McKay C. Ross Carter | 2014 | HPB2014，，2： | 2 |
| 5 | Comparison of two emergency medical services in Beijing and Hong Kong, China显示文摘To Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major issue in emergency care worldwide. The incidence of OHCA is estimated to be 50 to 60 per 100,000 persons globally.Despite advances in treatment and technology, survival following OHCA remains low. There are multiple factors affecting the survival outcome. The type of emergency medical service (EMS) system is likely to be one of them. In Asia, the EMS structure and its service capability in terms of dispatch, airway management, and medications vary widely between communities. This study aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes of OHCA in Beijing and Hong Kong (HK), China and the effect of the type of EMS system on the survival outcomes for patients with OHCA. | Fei Shao Kit-Ling Fan Colin Robertson Marcus Ong Nan Liu Ling-Pong Leung Reynold Leung Chun-Sheng Li | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，11： | 2 |
| 6 | Surgical management of pulmonary artery sling in children显示文摘 | Matthew S. Yong Yves d’Udekem Christian P. Brizard Terry Robertson Colin F. Robertson Robert Weintraub Igor E. Konstantinov | 2012 | The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery2012，，： | 1 |
| 7 | A multi-scale approach to exploring urban places in geotagged photographs显示文摘 | Rob Feick Colin Robertson | 2013 | Computers Environment and Urban Systems2013，，： | 1 |
| 8 | An Overview of Spatial Analysis of Emerging Infectious Diseases显示文摘 | Colin Robertson Trisalyn A. Nelson | 2014 | The Professional Geographer2014，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Acute Severe Asthms in Adults显示文摘 | COLIN ROBERTSON | 2004 | Respiratory Disorders2004，4，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Refining spatial neighbourhoods to capture terrain effects显示文摘Introduction:Spatially explicit ecological research has increased substantially in the past 20 years.Most spatial approaches require the definition of a spatial neighbourhood or the region over which spatial relationships are modelled or assessed.Spatial neighbourhood definitions impact analysis results,and there are benefits in considering neighbourhood definitions that better capture ecological processes.The goal of this research is to present a simple and flexible approach in constraining ecological spatial neighbourhoods using terrain data.Methods:Using watershed boundaries,we can restrict spatial neighbourhoods from combining populations or processes that should be separated by terrain effects.We demonstrate the need for ecological constraints by way of a simulation study and highlight our approach with a case study examining mountain pine beetle(Dendroctonus ponderosae,Coleoptera;Hopkins)infestation hot spots.Results:Our results demonstrate how failure to constrain neighbourhoods can lead to errors when the spatial signals from unrelated populations are mixed.Also,unconstrained spatial neighbourhoods can unintentionally detect spatial relationships across many scales.Conclusions:There will be benefits to studies that develop new,ecology-based approaches in defining spatial neighbourhoods that better illuminate ecological function of phenomena under study. | Trisalyn A Nelson Colin Robertson | 2012 | Ecological Processes2012，1，1： | 1 |
| 11 | AROMATASE-A BRIEF OVERVIEW显示文摘 | Evan R. Simpson Colin Clyne Gary Rubin Wah Chin Boon Kirsten Robertson Kara Britt Caroline Speed Margaret Jones | 2002 | Annual Review of Physiology2002，，： | 1 |
| 12 | 西城男孩从此绝响显示文摘看来有必要为发狂的歌迷们开设一条专门的心理辅导热线,因为西城男孩正式宣布他们即将举行的巡回演唱会以及新发布的精选大碟将是乐团最后一次活动——这支来自爱尔兰的四人组合是有史以来最成功的男生组合之一。 | Colin Robertson 蒺藜 | 2012 | 疯狂英语(初中天地)2012，，2： | 0 |
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