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| 1 | Satellite remote sensing of grasslands:from observation to management显示文摘Aims Grasslands are the world’s most extensive terrestrial ecosystem,and are a major feed source for livestock.Meeting increasing demand for meat and other dairy products in a sustainable manner is a big challenge.At a field scale,Global Positioning System and ground-based sensor technologies provide promising tools for grassland and herd management with high precision.With the growth in availability of spaceborne remote sensing data,it is therefore important to revisit the relevant methods and applications that can exploit this imagery.In this article,we have reviewed the(i)current status of grassland monitoring/observation methods and applications based on satellite remote sensing data,(ii)the technological and methodological developments to retrieve different grassland biophysical parameters and management characteristics(i.e.degradation,grazing intensity)and(iii)identified the key remaining challenges and some new upcoming trends for future development.Important Findings The retrieval of grassland biophysical parameters have evolved in recent years from classical regression analysis to more complex,efficient and robust modeling approaches,driven by satellite data,and are likely to continue to be the most robust method for deriving grassland information,however these require more high quality calibration and validation data.We found that the hypertemporal satellite data are widely used for time series generation,and particularly to overcome cloud contamination issues,but the current low spatial resolution of these instruments precludes their use for field-scale application in many countries.This trend may change with the current rise in launch of satellite constellations,such as RapidEye,Sentinel-2 and even the microsatellites such as those operated by Skybox Imaging.Microwave imagery has not been widely used for grassland applications,and a better understanding of the backscatter behaviour from different phenological stages is needed for more reliable products in cloudy regions.The development of hyperspectral satellite instrumentation and analytical methods will help for more detailed discrimination of habitat types,and the development of tools for greater end-user operation. | Iftikhar Ali Fiona Cawkwell Edward Dwyer Brian Barrett Stuart Green | 2016 | Journal of Plant Ecology2016，9，6： | 15 |
| 2 | Estimates of gene flow in Eichhornia paniculata ( Pontederiaceae ) : e f fects of range substructure显示文摘 | Brian C Husband Spencer C H Barrett | 1995 | Heredity1995，75，： | 1 |
| 3 | Tooth wear and culture:A survey of tooth functions among some prehistoric populations显示文摘 | Molnar S Barrett MJ Brian L | 1972 | Current Anthropology1972，13，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Return to education in the Irish youth labor market 显示文摘 | ALAN BARRETT TIM CALLAN BRIAN NOLAN | 1999 | Journal of Population Economics1999，，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Estimates of gene flow in Eichhornia paniculata (Pontederiaceae):effects of range substructure显示文摘 | Brian C Husband Spencer C H Barrett | 1995 | Heredity1995，75，： | 1 |
| 6 | Ineffective Esophageal Motility (IEM) (The Primary Finding in Patients with Nonspecific Esophageal Motility Disorder)显示文摘 | Louis P. Leite Brian T. Johnston Jeffrey Barrett June A. Castell Donald O. Castell | 1997 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences1997，，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Ineffective Esophageal Motility (IEM) (The Primary Finding in Patients with Nonspecific Esophageal Motility Disorder)显示文摘 | Louis P. Leite Brian T. Johnston Jeffrey Barrett June A. Castell Donald O. Castell | 1997 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences1997，，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Epidemiology of invasive group A Streptococcus disease in the United States,1995-1999显示文摘 | O'Brian KL Beall B Barrett NL | 2002 | Clin Infect Dis2002，35，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Nationwide retrospective study of hepatitis B virological response and liver stiffness improvement in 465 patients on nucleos(t)ide analogue显示文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)therapy reduces liver disease but requires prolonged therapy to achieve hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss.There is limited North American real-world data using non-invasive tools for fibrosis assessment and few have compared 1st generation NA or lamivudine(LAM)to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF).AIM To assess impact of NA on virological response and fibrosis regression using liver stiffness measurement(LSM)(i.e.,FibroScan®).METHODS Retrospective,observational cohort study from the Canadian HBV Network.Data collected included demographics,NA,HBV DNA,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and LSM.Patients were HBV monoinfected patients,treatment naïve,and received 1 NA with minimum 1 year follow-up.RESULTS In 465(median 49 years,37%female,35%hepatitis B e antigen+at baseline,84%Asian,6%White,and 9%Black).Percentage of 64(n=299)received TDF and 166 were LAM-treated with similar median duration of 3.9 and 3.7 years,respectively.The mean baseline LSM was 11.2 kPa(TDF)vs 8.3 kPa(LAM)(P=0.003).At 5-year follow-up,the mean LSM was 7.0 kPa in TDF vs 6.7 kPa in LAM(P=0.83).There was a significant difference in fibrosis regression between groups(i.e.,mean-4.2 kPa change in TDF and-1.6 kPa in LAM,P<0.05).The last available data on treatment showed that all had normal ALT,but more TDF patients were virologically suppressed(<10 IU/mL)(n=170/190,89%)vs LAM-treated(n=35/58,60%)(P<0.05).None cleared HBsAg.CONCLUSION In this real-world North American study,approximately 5 years of NA achieves liver fibrosis regression rarely leads to HBsAg loss. | Alnoor Ramji Karen Doucette Curtis Cooper Gerald Yosel Minuk Mang Ma Alexander Wong David Wong Edward Tam Brian Conway David Truong Philip Wong Lisa Barrett Hin Hin Ko Sarah Haylock-Jacobs Nishi Patel Gilaad G Kaplan Scott Fung Carla S Coffin | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，31： | 1 |
| 10 | 建设恢复力和适应性以对付北极的变化显示文摘人类行为引起的空前的全球变化挑战着社会支撑我们这颗行星保持自身优点的能力。这就要求对变化进行主动的管理以培养地球的恢复力——维持在变化的情况下对社会很重要的一些属性,和适应性——发展新的社会生态构造以便在新的条件下有效地发挥作用。北极的广大地区仍然完整地保留着原型的生态及社会过程及反馈,这为我们为变化预先做出计划提供了可能是最后一个实验的机会。如果该策略的可行性在北极可以被证实,我们对于变化的动态所得到的进一步的理解就可以实施到那些被人类较大地改变了的地区中。现在执行管理北极变化的政策的条件可能很理想,因为近来的研究提供了极其重要的科学知识,合适的国际机制也已各就各位,而且,如果北极地区的国家选择这样做的话,他们具备实行必要改变的财力。 | F.Stuart Chapin Ⅲ Michael Hoel Steven R.Carpenter Jane Lubchenco Brian Walker Terry V.Callaghan Carl Folke Simon A.Levin Karl-Gran Mler Christer Nilsson Scott Barrett Fikret Berkes Anne-Sophie Crépin Kjell Danell Thomas Rosswall David Starrett Anastasios Xepapadeas Sergey A.Zimov 陈卓天 | 2006 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2006，35，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Temporal optimisation of image acquisition for land cover classification with Random Forest and MODIS time-series显示文摘 | Ingmar Nitze Brian Barrett Fiona Cawkwell | 2015 | International Journal of Applied Earth Observatio2015，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Interactive segmentation of image volumes with Live Surface显示文摘 | Christopher J. Armstrong Brian L. Price William A. Barrett | 2006 | Computers & Graphics2006，，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Tem- poral optimisation of image acquisition for land cover classification with Random Forest and MODIS time- series 显示文摘 | Nitze Ingmar Barrett Brian Cawkwell Fiona | 2015 | International Journal of Applied Earth Ob- servation and Geoinformation2015，34，： | 1 |
| 14 | Reactivation of Hepatitis B With Reappearance of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen After Chemotherapy and Immunosuppression显示文摘 | Tara N. Palmore Neeral L. Shah Rohit Loomba Brian B. Borg Uri Lopatin Jordan J. Feld Farooq Khokhar Glen Lutchman David E. Kleiner Neal S. Young Richard Childs A. John Barrett T. Jake Liang Jay H. Hoofnagle Theo Heller | 2009 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2009，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Genetic analysis of long-term Barrett’s esophagus epithelial cultures exhibiting cytogenetic and ploidy abnormalities显示文摘 | M.Corinna Palanca-Wessels Michael T. Barrett Patricia C. Galipeau Katherine L. Rohrer Brian J. Reid Peter S. Rabinovitch | 1998 | Gastroenterology1998，，2： | 1 |
| 16 | The virtual construction site:a web-based teaching/learning environment in construction technology显示文摘 | Wilkins Brian Barrett John | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Treat to Target: A Proposed New Paradigm for the Management of Crohn’s Disease显示文摘 | Guillaume Bouguen Barrett G. Levesque Brian G. Feagan Arthur Kavanaugh Laurent Peyrin–Biroulet Jean–Frederic Colombel Stephen B. Hanauer William J. Sandborn | 2015 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2015，，： | 1 |
| 18 | No Child Left Behind and the assault on teachers’ professional practices and identities显示文摘 | Brian D. Barrett | 2009 | Teaching and Teacher Education2009，，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Science to support conservation action in a large river system:The Willamette River,Oregon,USA显示文摘Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spatial extent)needed to afford measurable change.These large systems have generally experienced intensive development and regulation,compromising their capacity to respond to disturbances such as climate change orwildfire.Functionally,large river and basin management require insights gained from social,ecological,geophysical,and hydrological sciences.This multidisciplinary perspective can unveil the integrated relationship between a river network's biotic community and seasonally variableenvironmental conditions that are ofteninfluencedbyhumanactivities.Large rivers andtheir basins are constantly changing due to anthropogenic influences and as climate modifies patterns of temperature and precipitation.Because of these factors,the state of knowledge must advance to address changing conditions.The Willamette River,in western Oregon,USA,is a prime example of a basin that has experienced significant degradation and investment in rehabilitation in recent decades.Innovative science has facilitated development of fine-scale,spatially extensive datasets and models that can generate targeted conservation and rehabilitation actions that are prioritized across the entire river network.This prioritization allows investment decisions to be driven by site-specific conditions while simultaneously considering potentials for ecological improvement.Here,we review hydrologic,geomorphic,ecologic,and social conditions in the Willamette River basin through time—including pre-settlement,river development,andcontemporary periods—andoffer a futurevisionfor consideration.Currently,detailed informationaboutfish populations and habitat,hydrologic conditions,geomorphology,water quality,and land use can be leveraged to make informed decisions about protection,rehabilitation,and development.The time is ripe for strategic management and goal development for the entireWillamette River,and these efforts can be informed by comprehensive science realized through established institutions(e.g.,public agencies,non-profitwatershed groups,Tribes,and universities)focusedon conservation and management.The approaches to science and social-network creation that were pioneered in the Willamette River basin offer insights into thedevelopment of comprehensive conservation-based planning that could be implemented in other large river systems globally. | Rebecca Flitcroft Luke Whitman James White Rose Wallick Laurel Stratton Garvin Cassandra Smith Robert Plotnikoff Michael Mulvey Tobias Kock Krista Jones Peter Gruendike Carolyn Gombert Guillermo Giannico Andrew Dutterer Daniel Brown Hannah Barrett Brian Bangs Robert M.Hughes | 2023 | Water Biology and Security2023，2，4： | 0 |
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