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| 1 | Bile acids as endogenous etiologic agents in gastrointestinal cancer显示文摘Bile acids are implicated as etiologic agents in cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including cancer of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, biliary tract, pancreas and colon/rectum. Deleterious effects of bile acid exposure, likely related to carcinogenesis, include: induction of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; induction of DNA damage; stimulation of mutation; induction of apoptosis in the short term, and selection for apoptosis resistance in the long term. These deleterious effects have, so far, been reported most consistently in relation to esophageal and colorectal cancer, but also to some extent in relation to cancer of other organs. In addition, evidence is reviewed for an association of increased bile acid exposure with cancer risk in human populations, in specific human genetic conditions, and in animal experiments. A model for the role of bile acids in GI carcinogenesis is presented from a Darwinian perspective that offers an explanation for how the observed effects of bile acids on cells contribute to cancer development. | Harris Bernstein Carol Bernstein Claire M Payne Katerina Dvorak | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，27： | 38 |
| 2 | 辣椒素与P物质显示文摘阐述了 P 物质在皮肤病病理机理中的作用及辣椒素的药理作用.辣椒素可抑制 P 物质的合成,从而阻止感觉神经对疼痛和瘙痒的传导,故对神经痛和瘙痒有治疗作用.临床试用于带状疱疹后遗性神经痛及糖尿病性神经病疼痛有良好效果,并可用于一些瘙痒性皮肤病.对银屑病,经少量试验治疗证明有效,有希望成为该病的有效治疗药物. | Bernstein JE 李军霞 | 1993 | 国外医学(皮肤性病学分册)1993，19，3： | 31 |
| 3 | De novo exploration and self-guided learning of potentialenergy surfaces显示文摘Interatomic potential models based on machine learning(ML)are rapidly developing as tools for material simulations.However,because of their flexibility,they require large fitting databases that are normally created with substantial manual selection and tuning of reference configurations.Here,we show that ML potentials can be built in a largely automated fashion,exploring and fitting potential-energy surfaces from the beginning(de novo)within one and the same protocol.The key enabling step is the use of a configuration-averaged kernel metric that allows one to select the few most relevant and diverse structures at each step.The resulting potentials are accurate and robust for the wide range of configurations that occur during structure searching,despite only requiring a relatively small number of single-point DFT calculations on small unit cells.We apply the method to materials with diverse chemical nature and coordination environments,marking an important step toward the more routine application of ML potentials in physics,chemistry,and materials science. | Noam Bernstein Gábor Csányi Volker L.Deringer | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 10 |
| 4 | The Reduction in Colorectal Cancer Mortality After Colonoscopy Varies by Site of the Cancer显示文摘 | Harminder Singh Zoann Nugent Alain A. Demers Erich V. Kliewer Salaheddin M. Mahmud Charles N. Bernstein | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，4： | 7 |
| 5 | Machine-learned interatomic potentials for alloys and alloy phase diagrams显示文摘We introduce machine-learned potentials for Ag-Pd to describe the energy of alloy configurations over a wide range of compositions.We compare two different approaches.Moment tensor potentials(MTPs)are polynomial-like functions of interatomic distances and angles.The Gaussian approximation potential(GAP)framework uses kernel regression,and we use the smooth overlap of atomic position(SOAP)representation of atomic neighborhoods that consist of a complete set of rotational and permutational invariants provided by the power spectrum of the spherical Fourier transform of the neighbor density.Both types of potentials give excellent accuracy for a wide range of compositions,competitive with the accuracy of cluster expansion,a benchmark for this system.While both models are able to describe small deformations away from the lattice positions,SOAP-GAP excels at transferability as shown by sensible transformation paths between configurations,and MTP allows,due to its lower computational cost,the calculation of compositional phase diagrams.Given the fact that both methods perform nearly as well as cluster expansion but yield off-lattice models,we expect them to open new avenues in computational materials modeling for alloys. | Conrad W.Rosenbrock Konstantin Gubaev Alexander VShapeev Livia B.Pártay Noam Bernstein Gábor Csányi Gus L.W.Hart | 2021 | npj Computational Materials2021，，1： | 5 |
| 6 | Cancer and age related colonic crypt deficiencies in cytochrome c oxidase Ⅰ显示文摘AIM: To investigate whether defi ciency of expressionof cytochrome c oxidase I (CcOI) in colonic crypts is associated with colon cancer.METHODS: The pattern and level of expression of CcOI in non-neoplastic colonic crypts,and in dysplastic tissues,was assessed using standard immunohis-tochemical methods.Biopsies were obtained from individuals undergoing colonoscopies for screening purposes or for a medically indicated reason.Tissue samples were also obtained from surgical colonic resections.Samples from resections were taken from colonic mucosa 1 and 10 cm from tumors and from the tumors themselves.Samples were evaluated for frequency of crypts with reduced or absent expression of CcOI.In most crypts the loss was apparent throughout the entire crypt,while in a small minority the loss was segmental.The strong immunoreactivity using this monoclonal antibody makes the scoring unambiguous.The percent of crypts with reduced or absent expression of CcOI or (infrequent) segmented loss of expression was then calculated.Data analyses were performed using SPSS statistical package 17.0.RESULTS: The average frequency of CcOI deficient crypts (CcOI-DC) is low in individuals between 20 and 39 years of age,with 0.48% ± 0.40% CcOI-DC for women and 1.80% ± 0.35% for men.CcOI-DC increases after age 40 years,so that between the ages of 40 and 44 years the average frequency of CcOI- DC goes up to 5.89% ± 0.84% in women and 2.15% ± 1.27% in men.By 80-84 years of age,the average frequency of CcOI-DC goes up in women to 15.77% ± 0.97% and in men to 22.6% ± 0.65%.The increases in CcOI-DC from ages 40-44 years compared to 80-84 years in women and men are significantly different with P < 0.01.For women over age 60 years,deficiency of CcOI expression is greater in those women who have had a cancer in their colon.The frequency of CcOI-DC,measured in men,increased in tissues adjacent to colon cancer,being 4.03% ± 0.27% in individuals free of neoplasia in the age range 55-64 yearsand 14.13% ± 0.35% in resected histologically normal tissue of men with cancer in the same age range,P < 0.001.Similar signifi cant differences were noted in older age ranges.The frequency of CcOI-DC crypts in the cecum and sigmoid colon of an individual are signifi cantly correlated,with an R2 = 0.414 for women and R2 = 0.528 for men,P < 0.001.This suggests that the factors determining the level of CcOI deficiency act throughout the colon.Most defective crypts are in clusters of two or more,a likely consequence of crypt fission.In the non-neoplastic margins of cancers,crypts are frequently defi cient for CcOI,and such crypts may appear in large clusters,some containing more than 100 defi cient crypts.CcOI defi ciency is also apparent in colon cancers and sometimes involves a large section of the tumor.Overall,CcOI deficient cells can be visualized in segments of crypts,in whole crypts that increase in frequency with age,in crypts undergoing f ission,in clusters of crypts where the clusters increase in size with age,in increased frequency near tumors,in large clusters in the intimate margins of tumors,and in the tumors themselves.There is no clear dividing line between early stages that can be considered aspects of aging and later stages that can be considered aspects of the progression to cancer.This ambiguity may re ect a rather general situation leading to adult cancer where the early stages of cellular change appear to be relatively innocuous features of the aging process but over decades may evolve into malignancy.CONCLUSION: CcOI defi cient crypts increase in frequency with age,and clusters of defi cient crypts are associated with,and may give rise to,colon cancer. | Carol Bernstein Alexander Facista Huy Nguyen Beryl Zaitlin Nadia Hassounah Cristy Loustaunau Claire Margaret Payne Bhaskar Banerjee Steve Goldschmid V Liana Tsikitis Robert Krouse Harris Bernstein | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，12： | 5 |
| 7 | Full-aperture backscatter diagnostics and applications at the Texas Petawatt Laser facility显示文摘 | C. Wang C. Wagner G. Dyer E. Gaul N. Kandadai N. Riley D. Kuk E. McCary A. Meadows I. Pomerantz M. Spinks T. Borger A. Bernstein M. Donovan M. Martinez T. Ditmire Bjorn M. Hegelich | 2014 | Chinese Optics Letters2014，12，A02： | 4 |
| 8 | Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack显示文摘 | S Claiborne Johnston Peter M Rothwell Mai N Nguyen-Huynh Matthew F Giles Jacob S Elkins Allan L Bernstein Stephen Sidney | 2007 | 2007 (9558)2007，，9558： | 3 |
| 9 | Combination of corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates or corticosteroids alone for patients with moderate-severe active ulcerative colitis:A global survey of physicians'practice显示文摘AIM To examine treatment decisions of gastroenterologists regarding the choice of prescribing 5-aminosalycilates(5ASA) with corticosteroids(CS) versus corticosteroids alone for patients with active ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire exploring physicians' attitude toward 5ASA + CS combination therapy vs CS alone was developed and validated. The questionnaire was distributed to gastroenterology experts in twelve countries in five continents. Respondents' agreement with stated treatment choices were assessed by standardized Likert scale. Background professional characteristics of respondents were analyzed for correlation with responses. RESULTS Six hundred and sixty-four questionnaires were distributed and 349 received(52.6% response rate). Of 340 eligible respondents, 221(65%) would continue 5ASA in a patient hospitalized for intravenous CS treatment due to a moderate-severe UC flare, while 108(32%) would stop the 5ASA(P < 0.001), and 11(3%) are undecided. Similarly, 62% would continue 5ASA in an out-patient starting oral CS. However, only 140/340(41%) would proactively start 5ASA in a hospitalized patient not receiving 5ASA before admission. Most(94%) physicians consider the safety profile of 5ASA as very good. Only 52% consider them inexpensive, 35% perceive them to be expensive and 12% are undecided. On multi-variable analysis, less years of practice and perception of a plausible additive mechanistic effect of 5ASA + CS were positively associated with the decision to continue 5ASA with CS. CONCLUSION Despite the absence of data supporting its benefit, most gastroenterologists endorse combination of 5ASA + CS for patients with active moderate-to-severe UC. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess if 5ASA confer any benefit for these patients. | Shomron Ben-Horin Jane M Andrews Konstantinos H Katsanos Florian Rieder Flavio Steinwurz Konstantinos Karmiris Jae Hee Cheon Gordon William Moran Monica Cesarini Christian D Stone Doron Schwartz Marijana Protic Xavier Roblin Giulia Roda Min-Hu Chen Ofir Har-Noy Charles N Bernstein | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，16： | 3 |
| 10 | The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study显示文摘 | Charles N Bernstein James F Blanchard Patricia Rawsthorne Nancy Yu | 2001 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2001，，4： | 3 |
| 11 | 伦理学与SARS:多伦多的教训显示文摘SARS的流行说明传染病在世界范围内流行是件多么容易的事,为了更好地应对下一次流行病,我们不仅要解决医学方面的问题,也同样需要解决伦理学方面的问题。 | Peter A Singer Solomon R Benatar Mark Bernstein Abdallah S Daar Bernard M Dickens Susan K MacRae Ross E G Upshur Linda Wright Randi Zlotnik Shaul 肖月 | 2004 | 英国医学杂志中文版2004，7，4： | 3 |
| 12 | Epigenetic field defects in progression to cancer显示文摘A field defect is a field of pre-malignant tissue in which a new cancer is likely to arise. Field defects often appear to be histologically normal under the microscope. Recent research indicates that cells within a field defect characteristically have an increased frequency of epigenetic alterations and these may be fundamentally important as underlying factors in progression to cancer. However, understanding of epigenetic field defects is at an early stage, and the work of Katsurano et al published this year, is a key contribution to this field. One question examined by Katsurano et al was how early could the formation of an epigenetic field defect be de-tected in a mouse colitis model of tumorigenesis. They highlighted a number of measurable epigenetic altera-tions, detected very early in normal appearing tissue undergoing histologically invisible tumorigenesis. They also documented the increasing presence of the epigenetic alterations at successive times during progression to cancer. In this commentary, we offer a perspective on the changes they observed within a broader sequence of epigenetic events that occur in progressionto cancer. In particular, we highlight the likely central role of epigenetic deficiencies in DNA repair gene expression that arise during progression to cancer. | Carol Bernstein Valentine Nfonsam Anil Ramarao Prasad Harris Bernstein | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2013，5，3： | 3 |
| 13 | Sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C genotype-1 infection (ATOMIC): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Kris V Kowdley Eric Lawitz Israel Crespo Tarek Hassanein Mitchell N Davis Michael DeMicco David E Bernstein Nezam Afdhal John M Vierling Stuart C Gordon Jane K Anderson Robert H Hyland Hadas Dvory-Sobol Di An Robert G Hindes Efsevia Albanis William T Symo | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9883： | 3 |
| 14 | Inflammatory bowel disease patient profiles are related to specific information needs: A nationwide survey显示文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) is a heterogenous, lifelong disease, with an unpredictable and potentially progressive course, that may impose negative psychosocial impact on patients.While informed patients with chronic illness have improved adherence and outcomes, previous research showed that the majority of IBD patients receive insufficient information regarding their disease.The large heterogeneity of IBD and the wide range of information topics makes a one-size fits all knowledge resource overwhelming and cumbersome.We hypothesized that different patient profiles may have different and specific information needs, the identification of which will allow building personalized computer-based information resources in the future.AIM To evaluate the scope of disease-related knowledge among IBD patients and determine whether different patient profiles drive unique information needs.METHODS We conducted a nationwide survey addressing hospital-based IBD clinics.A Total of 571 patients completed a 28-item questionnaire, rating the amount of information received at time of diagnosis and the importance of information, as perceived by participants, for a newly diagnosed patient, and for the participants themselves, at current time.We performed an exploratory factor analysis of the crude responses aiming to create a number of representative knowledge domains(factors), and analyzed the responses of a set of 15 real-life patient profiles generated by the study team.RESULTS Participants gave low ratings for the amount of information received at disease onset(averaging 0.9/5) and high ratings for importance, both for the newly diagnosed patients(mean 4.2/5) and for the participants themselves at current time(mean 3.5/5).Factor analysis grouped responses into six informationdomains.The responses of selected profiles, compared with the rest of the participants, yielded significant associations(defined as a difference in rating of >0.5 points with a P < 0.05).Patients with active disease showed a higher interest in work-disability, stress-coping, and therapy-complications.Patients newly diagnosed at age > 50, and patients with long-standing disease(> 10 years)showed less interest in work-disability.Patients in remission with mesalamine or no therapy showed less interest in all domains except for nutrition and long-term complications.CONCLUSION We demonstrate unmet patient information needs.Analysis of various patient profiles revealed associations with specific information topics, paving the way for building patient-tailored information resources. | Saleh Daher Tawfik Khoury Ariel Benson John R Walker Oded Hammerman Ron Kedem Timna Naftali Rami Eliakim Ofer Ben-Bassat Charles N Bernstein Eran Israeli | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，30： | 3 |
| 15 | Putative roles of cathepsin B in Alzheimer's disease pathology: the good, the bad, and the ugly in one?显示文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss in memory,cognition,and executive function and activities of daily living.AD pathogenesis has been shown to involve loss of neurons and synapses,cholinergic deficits,amyloid-beta protein(Aβ)deposition,tau protein hyperphosphor- | Hans-Gert Bernstein Gerburg Keilhoff | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，12： | 2 |
| 16 | The Clustering of Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study显示文摘 | Charles N. Bernstein Andre Wajda James F. Blanchard | 2005 | Gastroenterology2005，，3： | 2 |
| 17 | Bile acids as carcinogens in human gastrointestinal cancers显示文摘 | H. Bernstein C. Bernstein C.M. Payne K. Dvorakova H. Garewal | 2004 | Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research2004，，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Physical activity and breast cancer risk among Asian-American women in LosAngeles: a case-control study显示文摘 | Yang D Bernstein L Wu AH | 2003 | Cancer2003，97，107： | 2 |
| 19 | Cholesteryl ester storage disease: Review of the findings in 135 reported patients with an underdiagnosed disease显示文摘 | Donna L. Bernstein Helena Hülkova Martin G. Bialer Robert J. Desnick | 2013 | Journal of Hepatology2013，，6： | 2 |
| 20 | Toe Pulse Reappearance Time in Prediction of Aortofemoral Bypass Success显示文摘 | EUGENE F. BERNSTEIN GREG A. RHODES SUSAN H. STUART MARC N. COEL ARNOST FRONEK | 1981 | Annals of Surgery1981，，： | 2 |
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