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| 1 | 血管性认知损害诊断的进一步规范化:血管性认知损害分类共识研究组指南显示文摘引言血管性认知损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)诊断共识的缺乏(体现为多种不同评估方案的使用),妨碍了对其理解和治疗的推进.多个国家的大量临床医生和研究人员参与了2个阶段血管性认知损害分类共识研究(Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study,VICCCS),旨在就VCI的诊断原则(VICCCS-1)和诊断方案(VICCCS-2)达成一致意见.本文提供了VICCCS-2的相关内容.方法使用VICCCS-1达成的原则和已发表的诊断指南作为在线德尔菲(Delphi)调查的参考基点,以期对VCI的临床诊断达成共识.结果共进行了6轮调查,每轮有65~79名专家参与,他们就VICCCS修订的轻度和重度VCI的诊断指南达成共识,并肯定了美国国立神经疾病与卒中研究所-加拿大卒中网(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–Canadian Stroke Network,NINDS-CSN)发布的神经心理学评估方案和对影像学检查的推荐意见.讨论VICCCS-2建议规范化应用NINDS-CSN推荐的神经心理学和影像学评估方案诊断VCI,以促进研究协作. | Olivia A. Skrobot Sandra E. Black Christopher Chen Charles DeCarli Timo Erkinjuntti Gary A. Ford Rajesh N. Kalaria John O'Brien Leonardo Pantoni Florence Pasquier Gustavo C. Roman Anders Wallin Perminder Sachdev Ingmar Skoog the VICCCS group Yoav Ben-Shlomo Anthony P. Passmore Seth Love Patrick G. Kehoe 朱婷珂 徐俊 | 2018 | 国际脑血管病杂志2018，26，4： | 58 |
| 2 | 血管性认知障碍的诊断标准:国际血管性行为与认知障碍学会的申明显示文摘长期以来,脑血管病(CVD)就被认为是认知损害的一个重要原因,但是有关脑血管病后认知障碍的概念化却有着一段多变的历史。'动脉变硬'或脑的动脉粥样硬化是'老化'的原因,是存在已久的观点,在20世纪60年代受到了来自英格兰纽卡斯尔的神经病理学研究的质疑。这些研究表明,血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,Va D)与超过一定程度的多发性脑梗死有关。 | 徐岩 郭起浩 Sachdev P Kalaria R O'Brien J Skoog I Alladi S Black SE Blacker D Blazer DG Chen C Chui H Ganguli M Jellinger K Jeste DV Pasquier F Paulsen J Prins N Rockwood K Roman G Scheltens P | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 19 |
| 3 | 儿童肺炎链球菌的血清型及对抗生素的耐药性显示文摘目的 对本校儿科医院住院病例进行肺炎链球菌的血清型和耐药性监测。方法 收集因呼吸道感染而住院的病例痰标本和病史资料 ,同时采集部分患儿的血标本 ,分离与鉴定标本中的肺炎链球菌。荚膜肿胀试验进行血清分型 ;E test测定对青霉素的最低抑菌浓度。结果 共收集到 10 13例患儿的资料 ,分离出 112株肺炎链球菌。 19F、2 3F、6A、14和 6B等 5种血清型占 81.3% ( 91/112 ) ,其他类型的血清型占 11.6 % ( 13/112 )。另有 7.1% ( 8/112 )的肺炎链球菌不能分型。只有 1例血标本检测到肺炎链球菌 ,这可能与患儿入院前的抗菌素广泛使用有关。对青霉素中度和高度耐药的肺炎链球菌比例分别为 5 0 .9%和 8.0 % ;对氨苄青霉素、头孢唑林、头孢克洛、头孢曲松、红霉素、氯林可霉素和氯霉素的耐药率分别为 5 8.6 %、6 .6 %、2 5 .0 %、6 .6 %、85 .7%、6 6 .7%和 2 8.2 %。在 6 6例对青霉素耐药的菌株中 ,以 9F血清型最为多见 ,其次为 2 3F和 14。结论 肺炎链球菌是导致上海地区儿童呼吸道感染的重要病原菌 ,主要由 5种血清型组成 。 | 赵根明 BLACK Steve SHINEFIELD Henry 王传清 张颖华 林玉尊 姜庆五 | 2004 | 复旦学报(医学版)2004，31，4： | 17 |
| 4 | Neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related mortality for which liver resection is an important curative-intent treatment option. However, many patients present with advanced disease and with underlying chronic liver disease and/or cirrhosis, limiting the proportion of patients who are surgical candidates. In addition, the development of recurrent or de novo cancers following surgical resection is common. These issues have led investigators to evaluate the benefit of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies aimed at improving resectability rates and decreasing recurrence rates. While high-level evidence to guide treatment decision making is lacking, recent advances in locoregional and systemic therapies, including antiviral treatment and immunotherapy, raise the prospect of novel approaches that may improve the outcomes of patients with HCC. In this review, we evaluate the evidence for various neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and discuss opportunities for future clinical and translational research. | Clifford Akateh Sylvester M Black Lanla Conteh Eric D Miller Anne Noonan Eric Elliott Timothy M Pawlik Allan Tsung Jordan M Cloyd | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，28： | 16 |
| 5 | DUX4免疫组化是CIC-DUX4融合阳性的小圆细胞肿瘤的一种高敏感、特异性的标志物显示文摘儿童和成人的小圆细胞肿瘤组织学鉴别诊断谱非常广,包括最近认识的CIC-DUX4融合阳性的小圆细胞肿瘤。CIC-DUX4肿瘤的诊断虽然可以通过光镜和免疫组化特点来加以判断,但确诊则需要辅助性基因检测,如常规染色体核型分析、荧光原位杂交或分子检测。本文探讨DUX4表达能否作为一种融合特异性免疫组化标志物,以帮助CIC-DUX4肿瘤与其他相似组织形态肿瘤的鉴别。 | Siegele B Roberts J Black J 向娟 余英豪 | 2017 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2017，33，10： | 11 |
| 6 | Comprehensive analysis of NAC transcription factors and their expression during fruit spine development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)显示文摘The cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is an important vegetable crop worldwide,and fruit trichomes or spines are an important trait for external fruit quality.The mechanisms underlying spine formation are not well understood,but the plant-specific NAC family of transcription factors may play important roles in fruit spine initiation and development.In this study,we conducted a genome-wide survey and identified 91 NAC gene homologs in the cucumber genome.Clustering analysis classified these genes into six subfamilies;each contained a varying number of NAC family members with a similar intron–exon structure and conserved motifs.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of these genes,including 10 and 12 that exhibited preferential expression in the stem and fruit,respectively.Thirteen of the 91 NAC genes showed higher expression in the wild-type plant than in its near-isogenic trichome mutant,suggesting their important roles in fruit spine development.Exogenous application of four plant hormones promoted spine formation and increased spine density on the cucumber fruits;several NAC genes showed differential expression over time in response to phytohormone treatments on cucumber fruit,implying their essential roles in fruit-trichome development.Among the NAC genes identified,12 were found to be targets of 13 known cucumber micro-RNAs.Collectively,these findings provide a useful resource for further analysis of the interactions between NAC genes and genes underlying trichome organogenesis and development during fruit spine development in cucumber. | Xingwang Liu Ting wang Ezra Bartholomew Kezia Black Mingming Dong Yaqi Zhang Sen Yang Yanling Cai Shudan Xue Yiqun Weng Huazhong Ren | 2018 | Horticulture Research2018，5，1： | 10 |
| 7 | 小地老虎越冬与迁飞规律的研究显示文摘研究结果表明:小地老虎在我国北方不能越冬,1月份0℃等温线为其越冬界线,10℃等温线以南为北方非越冬区春季小地老虎的虫源基地。其自然种群标记回收获得了小地老虎远距离迁飞的直接证据,基本明确了它迁飞的路线、距离与节律。迁飞活动与天气条件关系密切,以群体方式进行迁飞,其方向受气流控制。飞翔临界低温(6℃)和飞行适温下限(10℃),可用于判断迁飞空间的边界与迁飞的主流位置,也是春季迁入区始见蛾与始盛期的温度指标。前翅长宽比值超过3,脂肪储备丰富(约占干体重的30%),强大的飞行肌与其独特结构,以及飞翔时体温升高5—9℃,均为其远距离迁飞提供了形态、物质等基础。 | Nationwide Co-operative Group on Black Cutworm Research | 1990 | 植物保护学报1990，17，4： | 8 |
| 8 | Intratumoral dendritic cell vaccin ation elicits potent tumoricidal im munity against malignant glioma in rats显示文摘Dendritic cells(DC)are attractive candidates for innovative cancer immunotherapy by virtu e of their ability to function as powe rful antigen presenting cells and elicit potent antitumor cytotoxic immune r esponses.With the aim of generating antitumor immunity,the authors sought to enhance in vivo tum or antigen presentation by using an i ntratumoral DC vaccination strateg y in the setting of partially irradiated intracranial brain tumo rs.Fisher rats,implanted with 9L gliomas in the right corpus striatum,w ere treated with freshly cultured,unpulsed syngeneic DC inoculated directly into the tumor bed.Intracranially inoculated DCs were found to drain to ipsilateral deep cervical lymph nodes.This was a ssociated with increased local and s ystemic antitumor cytoxicity,as evidenced by robust infiltration of treated tumors with CD4and CD8T ce lls as well as by increased IFN-gamma protein and message levels in in vitr o restimulated splenic lymphocytes.DC therapy resulted in prolonged survival and immunity to s ubsequent intracranial tumor re-ch allenge.These results demonstrate the viability of intratumoral DC vaccination as an effectiv e therapeutic strategy for intracra nial glioma. | Ehtesham M Kabos P Gutierrez MA Samoto K Black KL Yu JS | 2003 | 癌症2003，22，7： | 8 |
| 9 | 北京地区育龄妇女泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体感染状况及基因分型初步研究显示文摘目的对北京地区育龄妇女沙眼衣原体的感染状况及基因分型进行初步研究。方法利用胶体金免疫法对 177例计划生育门诊及妇科体检的育龄妇女进行筛查,对 9例沙眼衣原体感染阳性者的拭子标本直接进行套式 PCR扩增主要外膜蛋白( MOMP)基因。将扩增的 DNA进行限制性内切酶长度多态性分析,并对 MOMP基因易变区 VS1、 VS2、 VS3、 VS4进行基因序列分析。结果 177名育龄妇女有 9例沙眼衣原体感染阳性, 9份标本均扩增出 1.1 kb目的 DNA,经限制性内切酶长度多态性分析, 4例确定为 F型, 3例为 E型, 2例为 D型。利用 373A自动序列分析仪,对 MOMP基因易变区 VS1、 VS2、 VS3、 VS4进行基因序列分析,与标准序列比较发现, 2例为 D型, 3例为 E型, 4例为 F型,与限制性内切酶长度多态性分析结果相同,但其中 4例有 MOMP基因变异存在。结论北京地区健康育龄妇女存在一定比例的沙眼衣原体感染,利用对 MOMP基因的多态性分析可以对沙眼衣原体的流行情况作出分析。 | 徐克沂 李敏 伦文辉 Carolyn M Black | 2000 | 中华皮肤科杂志2000，33，6： | 7 |
| 10 | 经桡动脉PCI治疗急性心肌梗死的初步经验显示文摘目的 急性心肌梗死 (AMI)是直接经皮冠脉介入术 (primarypercutaneouscoronaryintervention ,PCI)已经被证实是减少未来心血管事件的一个有效方法。然而 ,经皮桡动脉直接PCI的报道不是很多。本研究旨在观察经皮桡动脉行急性心肌梗死直接PCI治疗的有效性及实用性。方法 从 2 0 0 2~ 2 0 0 3年 ,39例 ( 2 5例男性 ) ,诊断明确的AMI患者并同意行PCI者纳入此研究。 11例血液动力学稳定、桡动脉搏动良好、theAllentest阳性且愿意行桡动脉PCI者为一组 ,行经皮桡动脉直接PCI术。其他 2 8例患者为二组 ,即经皮股动脉PCI组 ,由以下患者组成 :①血液动力学不稳定 ,可能需要行主动脉内球囊反搏术 (IABP)或行临时起搏器安置术 ;②桡动脉搏动弱或theAllentest阴性患者 ;③由只能完成经皮股动脉PCI的医生完成的病例。结果 PCI成功率为92 % ( 36 / 39) ,一组成功率为 91% ( 10 / 11) ,二组成功率为93% ( 2 6 / 2 8) ,P >0 0 5 ,无明显统计学差异。建立动脉通路时间和整个手术时间二组间无明显统计学差异 ,建立动脉通路时间分别为 ( 11 2 1± 4 82 )min及 ( 10 5 8± 5 2 7)min ,P >0 0 5。整个手术时间分别为 ( 5 4 93± 2 4 5 5 )min及( 5 7 2 6± 2 8 11)min ,P >0 0 5。 30d随访 ,一组患者无前臂缺血症? | 侯爱洁 刘民 李占全 Sandy Black | 2003 | 岭南心血管病杂志2003，9，5： | 7 |
| 11 | 如何选择温度传感器显示文摘目前市上不同类型的温度传感器越来越多。从简单的模拟输出温度传感器,到数字输出的本地传感器,再到具有远程温度检测功能和复杂风扇控制算法的高度集成的温度监视系统,设计工程师可以从种类齐全的产品中选择合适的温度传感器以监视和控制当今复杂的电子系统正常运转。从测温原理的角度详细了解温度传感器的综合特性,将有助于设计工程师更好地选择温度传感器。 | Brian Black | 2005 | 电子技术(上海)2005，32，4： | 6 |
| 12 | 疫苗引入前苏州地区儿童肺炎链球菌的分子流行病学特征研究显示文摘目的了解苏州地区在7价肺炎链球菌结合疫苗(7 heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,PCV7)引入前,不同临床治疗压力下肺炎链球菌分离株的耐药特征、血清分型及国际流行耐药克隆株(pneumococ-cal molecular epidemiology network,PMEN)的流行情况。方法收集2006年3月-2007年3月期间苏州大学附属儿童医院住院治疗的呼吸道感染儿童(病例组)和非呼吸道感染儿童(对照组)中分离的肺炎链球菌134株,进行抗生素敏感性分析和血清型分型,并对其中86株大环内酯类药物菌株进行基因分型。结果病例组抗生素的使用率高于对照组(x2=111.19,P〈0.001)。病例组分离的菌株血清型以19F、19A和14为主,对照组菌株常见的血清型为6B、19F和23F,两组PCV7血清型覆盖率分别为58.3%和68.1%。对照组菌株对常用抗生素的敏感性均高于病例组(均有P〈0.05)。菌株基因分型共检测出10种PMEN克隆株,最常见的为Taiwan19F-14克隆株。PMEN克隆株对常用抗菌药物的不敏感率高于非PMEN克隆株。结论在我国引入PCV7前,在抗生素等治疗压力下,苏州地区肺炎链球菌的耐药情况严重,以Taiwan19F-14克隆株流行为主,多种PMEN克隆株并存。 | 耿倩 张涛 陈蓉 丁云芳 郝创利 林玉尊 Steven Black 赵根明 | 2014 | 中华疾病控制杂志2014，18，5： | 6 |
| 13 | Assessment and Classroom Learning显示文摘 | Paul Black Dylan Wiliam | 1998 | Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice1998，，1： | 5 |
| 14 | Preservation solutions used during abdominal transplantation:Current status and outcomes显示文摘Organ preservation remains an important contributing factor to graft and patient outcomes. During donor organ procurement and transportation, cellular injury is mitigated through the use of preservation solutions in conjunction with hypothermia. Various preservation solutions and protocols exist with widespread variability among transplant centers. In this review of abdominal organ preservation solutions, evolution of transplantation and graft preservation are discussed followed by classification of preservation solutions according to the composition of electrolytes, impermeants, buffers, antioxidants, and energy precursors. Lastly, pertinent clinical studies in the setting of hepatic, renal, pancreas, and intestinal transplantation are reviewed for patient and graft survival as well as financial considerations. In liver transplants there may be some benefit with the use of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK) over University of Wisconsin solution in terms of biliary complications and potential cost savings. Renal grafts may experience increased initial graft dysfunction with the use of Euro-Collins thereby dissuading its use in support of HTK which can lead to substantial cost savings. University of Wisconsin solution and Celsior are favored in pancreas transplants given the concern for pancreatitis and graft thrombosis associated with HTK. No difference was observed with preservation solutions with respect to graft and patient survival in liver, renal, and pancreas transplants. Studies involving intestinal transplants are sparse but University of Wisconsin solution infused intraluminally in combination with an intra-vascular washout is a reasonable option until further evidence can be generated. Available literature can be used to ameliorate extensive variation across centers while potentially minimizing graft dysfunction and improving associated costs. | Nicholas Latchana Joshua R Peck Bryan A Whitson Mitchell L Henry Elmahdi A Elkhammas Sylvester M Black | 2015 | World Journal of Transplantation2015，5，4： | 5 |
| 15 | Developing the theory of formative assessment显示文摘 | Paul Black Dylan Wiliam | 2009 | Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability(formerly: Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education)2009，，1： | 4 |
| 16 | Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure显示文摘 | Aram V. Chobanian George L. Bakris Henry R. Black William C. Cushman Lee A. Green Joseph L. Izzo Daniel W. Jones Barry J. Materson Suzanne Oparil Jackson T. Wright Edward J. Roccella | 2003 | Hypertension: Journal of The American Heart Association2003，，6： | 4 |
| 17 | Comparison of Maternal Risk Factors between Placental Abruption and Placenta Previa显示文摘 | Qiuying Yang Shi Wen Karen Phillips Lawrence Oppenheimer Douglas Black Mark Walker | 2009 | Amer J Perinatol2009，，04： | 3 |
| 18 | Urbanization and growth显示文摘 | Luisito Bertinelli Duncan Black | 2004 | Journal of Urban Economics2004，，1： | 3 |
| 19 | A text to speech interface for Universal Digital Library显示文摘The objective of Universal Digital Library (UDL) is to capture all books in digital format. A text to speech (TTS) interface for UDL portal would enable access to the digital content in voice mode, and also provide access to the digital content for illiterate and vision-impaired people. Our work focuses on design and implementation of text to speech interface for UDL portal primarily for Indian languages. This paper is aimed at identifying the issues involved in integrating text to speech system into UDL portal and describes the development process of Hindi, Telugu and Tamil voices under Festvox framework using unit selection techniques. We demonstrate the quality of the Tamil and Telugu voices and lay out the plan for integrating the TTS into the UDL portal. | PRAHALLAD Kishore BLACK Alan | 2005 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2005，6，11： | 3 |
| 20 | Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis显示文摘 | Robert E Black Simon Cousens Hope L Johnson Joy E Lawn Igor Rudan Diego G Bassani Prabhat Jha Harry Campbell Christa Fischer Walker Richard Cibulskis Thomas Eisele Li Liu Colin Mathers | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9730： | 3 |
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