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| 1 | The Cretaceous Songliao Basin:Volcanogenic Succession,Sedimentary Sequence and Tectonic Evolution,NE China显示文摘Songliao 盆(SB ) 是有盆的二种不同类型的迭加的盆充满。更低的被一座围住差错的火山描绘包括的遗传因子的继任设置暴烈,碎屑状的焦性没食子酸和 epiclastic 岩石。暴烈的岩石,从 110 妈标明日期到 130 妈,具有 geochemically 活跃的大陆人边缘类型。快,向北方, SB 块的移植发生在从他们的 paleomagnetic 信息推断的火山作用的主要事件期间。上面盆之一充满被非海洋的下垂风格统治 siliciclastics 和次要的碳酸盐的沉积顺序。盆中心向西变了从对在盆进化建议动态变化的 GGT 地震速度结构揭示的迟了的白垩纪早。因此,一个迭加的盆模型被建议。SB 的进化包含包括的三个时期(1 ) Alptian 和 pre-Aptian:制动火箭弧盆和安第斯山脉的范围系统与蒙古鄂霍次克海 collisional 带(MOCB ) 有关打字;(2 ) Albian 到 Companian:在与沿着欧亚的板的东方边缘的和平的板的倾斜的 subduction 有关的 transtension 下面的象下垂一样罢工滑倒盆;(3 ) 自从 Maastrichtian:在与在欧亚的板下面的和平的板的正常 subduction 有关的压缩下面的构造的反的盆,由掩冲断层描绘了,向西 depocenter 的移植并且盆边缘的东方高举。 | WANG Pujun XIE Xiao'an Mattem FRANK REN Yanguang ZHU Defeng SUN Xiaomeng | 2007 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2007，81，6： | 38 |
| 2 | The roles of heterogeneous chemical processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze显示文摘Urban and regional air pollutions are characterized by high concentrations of secondary pollutants such as photo-oxidants (mainly ozone) and fine particulate matter,which are formed through chemical reactions of the primary pollutants emitted from various sources.The accumulation of these pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions results in the formation of gray haze,reducing visibility and causing major impacts on human health and climate.In an air pollution complex,the coexistence of high concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous and particulate pollutants provides a large amount of reactants for heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles;these reactions change the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere,as well as chemical compositions along with the physicochemical and optical properties of particulate matter,thereby accelerating formation of the air pollution complex and gray haze.Using in situ technologies,such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy and single-particle Raman spectroscopy,we systematically investigated the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of gaseous pollutants (i.e.,NO2,SO2,O3,and formaldehyde) on the surfaces of the major components of atmospheric particles such as CaCO3,kaolinite,montmorillonite,NaCl,sea salt,Al2O3,and TiO2.We found that the main reaction products were sulfate,nitrate,or formate,which can change the hygroscopicity and light extinction parameters of those particles significantly.By analyzing the reaction kinetics of these heterogeneous reactions,we identified synergetic mechanisms of the three ternary reaction systems,i.e.,NO2-particlesH2O,SO2-particles-O3,and organics/SO2-particles–UV illumination.These synergetic mechanisms can provide experimental and theoretical bases for understanding the feedback mechanisms and nonlinear processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze. | ZHU Tong,SHANG Jing & ZHAO DeFeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，1： | 24 |
| 3 | Research Progress on Heat Stress of Rice at Flowering Stage显示文摘Global warming has caused frequent occurrence of heat stress at the flowering stage of single-season rice in the Yangtze River region of China, which results in declines of spikelet fertility and yield in rice. Rice flowering stage is the most sensitive period to high temperatures, and therefore, the key for heat stress happening is the flowering stage coinciding with high temperature, which causes spikelet fertility decreasing in heat-sensitive varieties, and is the major factor for heat injury differences among various rice planting regions. With the development of rice breeding, temperature indexes for heat stress has been converted from daily maximum temperature of 35 oC to 38 oC with the stress duration of more than 3 d. During the flowering stage, anther dehiscence inhibition and low pollen shedding onto the stigma are two main reasons for spikelet fertility reduction under high temperatures. At panicle initiation stage, high temperatures aggravate spikelet degeneration, and destroy floral organ development. Various types of rice varieties coexist in production, and indica-japonica hybrid rice demonstrates the highest heat resistance in general, followed by indica and japonica rice varieties. In production, avoiding high temperature is the main strategy of preventing heat stress, and planting suitable cultivars and adjustment of sowing date are the most effective measures. Irrigation is an effective real-time cultivation measure to decline the canopy temperature during the rice flowering stage. We suggested that further study should be focused on exploring heat injury differences among different rice variety types, and innovating rice-planting methods according to planting system changes in rice planting regions with extreme heat stress. Meanwhile, high temperature monitor and warning systems should be improved to achieve optimal heat stress management efficiencies. | WANG Yaliang WANG Lei ZHOU Jianxia HU Shengbo CHEN Huizhe XIANG Jing ZHANG Yikai ZENG Yongjun SHI Qinghua ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping | 2019 | Rice science2019，26，1： | 13 |
| 4 | Root morphology in response to nitrogen supply in mid-season indica rice cultivars released in different decades显示文摘Dear Editor,Roots,as a major organ of plants,are involved in nutrient and water acquisition,and might play a vital role in yield increase and efficient N absorption with genetic improvement.Because of the great differences in growth period and pattern between the old and new rice cultivars,it is difficult to clarify how genetic improvements contribute to root growth in rice.For example,for a solution culture system,Wu et al.suggested that total root length increased with increasing year of release for maize hybrids,while shoot dry weight, | Yikai Zhang Huizhe Chen Yuping Zhang Jing Xiang Guangmei Ji Defeng Zhu | 2017 | Science China(Life Sciences)2017，60，4： | 7 |
| 5 | Decrement of Sugar Consumption in Rice Young Panicle Under High Temperature Aggravates Spikelet Number Reduction显示文摘Two rice genotypes Huanghuazhan(HHZ, heat-resistant) and IR36(heat-susceptible) were subjected to high-temperature(HT, 40℃) and normal-temperature(NT, 32℃) treatments at the spikelet differentiation stage. HT treatment inhibited spikelet differentiation, aggravated spikelet degeneration, reduced spikelet size, and disordered carbohydrate allocation. Meanwhile, HT treatment increased nonstructural carbohydrate content in leaves, but decreased that in stems and young panicles, and the same tendencies of sucrose and starch contents were observed in leaves and stem. However, HT treatment significantly increased the sucrose content and sharply decreased the glucose and fructose contents in young panicles. Lower activity levels of soluble acid invertase(EC3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase(EC2.4.1.13) were observed under HT treatment. Moreover, HT treatment reduced the activities of key enzymes associated with glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which indicated sucrose consumption was inhibited in young panicles under HT treatment. Exogenous glucose and fructose applied under HT treatment increased the spikelet number more than exogenous sucrose. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the reduction of spikelet number under high temperature was more affected by the decrease in sugar consumption than the blocking of sucrose transport. The impairment of sucrose hydrolysis was the main reason for the inhibition of sugar utilization. | WANG Yaliang ZHANG Yikai SHI Qinghua CHEN Huizhe XIANG Jing HU Guohui CHEN Yanhua WANG Xiaodan WANG Junke YI Zihao ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping | 2020 | Rice science2020，27，1： | 6 |
| 6 | Raman micro-spectrometry as a technique for investigating heterogeneous reactions on individual atmospheric particles显示文摘Investigating the heterogeneous reaction on individual atmospheric particles is important because it approximates actual atmospheric conditions and can aid in reducing artifacts in elucidating real mechanisms and processes,and determining real kinetic parameters of the atmosphere relevance.This study developed a Raman microspectrometry method to investigate heterogeneous reactions on individual particles.The method was applied to the reaction of NO2 with individual CaCO3 particles.It was demonstrated that Raman microspectrometry can obtain information on both chemical composition and microscopic morphology at the same time,as well as information on chemical characteristics,such as the phase,which is useful for studying reaction processes.Raman spectra of individual particles deposited on a substrate showed no interference by morphological resonance,which is helpful for obtaining high-quality spectra.Moreover,Raman microspectrometry was compared with other methods for investigating heterogeneous reactions on individual particles and was found to have several advantageous characteristics. | ZHAO DeFeng,ZHU Tong,CHEN Qi,LIU YingJun & ZHANG ZeFeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Age assignment and geological significance of the “Budate Group” in the Hailar Basin显示文摘Age and nature of the Budate Group in the Hailar Basin are of great significance in studying the evolution of the Hailar Basin and the Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt(XMOB).Zircon U-Pb ages of eight volcanic rocks from the Budate Group and two basement granites in the Hailar Basin were reported in this study.The dating results indicated that the formation of these volcanic rocks was consistent with the emplacement of Late Paleozoic basement granite in age(356-290 Ma),i.e.,Early Carboniferous to Early Permian rather than Early Mesozoic.Combined with regional geology,it was concluded that the Budate Group is the component of the basement of the Hailar Basin,and these volcanic rocks were formed at an active continental margin,which is related to the closure of the Hegen Mountains suture zone.The captured Neoproterozoic zircons(814-873 Ma) were probably derived from the Neoproterozoic basement materials in the Ergun Block,implying the close genetic relationships between the Ergun Block(including the Hailar Basin) and the Siberian Block. | MENG Qi'An WAN ChuanBiao ZHU DeFeng ZHANG YanLong GE WenChun WU FuYuan | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，6： | 4 |
| 8 | The structural characteristics, age of origin, and tectonic attribute of the Erguna Fault, NE China显示文摘The Erguna Fault runs along the east bank of the Erguna River in NE China and is a large-scale ductile shear zone comprising granitic mylonites. This paper reports on the geometry, kinematic indicators, and 40Ar/39 Ar biotite ages of the granitic mylonites, to constrain the structural characteristics, forming age, and tectonic attribute of the Erguna ductile shear zone. The zone strikes NE and records a top-to-the-NW sense of shear. A mylonitic foliation and stretching lineation are well developed in the mylonites, which are classified as S-L tectonites. Logarithmic flinn parameters(1.18–2.35) indicate elongate strain which approximates to plane strain. Kinematic vorticity numbers are 0.42–0.92 and 0.48–0.94, based on the polar Mohr diagram and the oblique foliation in quartz ribbons, respectively, suggesting that the ductile shear zone formed under general shear, or a combination of simple and pure shear. According to finite strain and kinematic vorticity analyses, the Erguna Fault is a lengthening-thinning ductile shear zone that formed by extension. The deformation behavior of minerals in the mylonites indicates that the fault was the site of three stages of deformation: an initial stage of middle- to deep-level, high-temperature shear, a post-stress recovery phase of high-temperature static recrystallization, and a final phase of low-temperature uplift and cooling. The 40Ar/39 Ar plateau ages of biotite from the granitic mylonites are 106.16 ± 0.79 and 111.55 ± 0.67 Ma, which constrain the timing of low-temperature uplift and cooling but are younger than the ages of metamorphic core complexes(MCCs) in the Transbaikalia-northeast Mongolia region. Using measured geological sections, microtectonics, estimates of finite strain and kinematic vorticity, and regional correlations and geochronology, we conclude that the Erguna Fault is an Early Cretaceous, NNE-trending, large-scale, sub-horizontal, and extensional ductile shear zone. It shares a similar tectonic background with the MCCs, volcanic fault basins, and large and super-large volcanic-hydrothermal deposits in Transbaikalia-northeast Mongolia and the western Great Khingan Mountains, all of which are the result of overthickened crust that gravitationally collapsed and extended in the Early Cretaceous after plate collision along the present-day Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract. | ZHENG Han SUN XiaoMeng ZHU DeFeng TIAN JingXiong HE Song WANG YingDe ZHANG XuQing | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，9： | 3 |
| 9 | Platinum-Group Element Geochemical Characteristics of the Picrites and High-Ti Basalts in the Binchuan Area,Yunnan Province显示文摘云南的 Binchuan 区域在扬采·布洛克的西方的边缘位于 Emeishan 大火的省的西方的部分。在现在的学习,在大约 1440 m 的厚度的 Wuguiqing 侧面主要由 high-Ti 暗岩组成,与未成年者一起在在辉石有的上面的部分的更低的部分和安山岩, trachytes ,和流纹岩的辉石相对更高的铂组元素( PGE )内容( PGE=16.328.2 ppb ),与高 Cu/Zr 和 Pd/Zr 比率,和低 S 内容( 5.0316.9 ppm ),显示父母岩浆由 Emeishan 大火的省的部分融化的高度S不饱和、产生( ELIP 稍微高的 Cu/Pd 比率(11 00024 000 ) 相对原始披风的建议 0.007% 硫化物在披风来源被保留了。high-Ti 暗岩的 PGE 内容展出一个更宽的范围(PGE=0.51730.8 ppb ) 。在中间、上面的部分的样品在 PGE 被弄空并且有 Nd ( 260 妈)比率从 2.8~2.2 ,在上升触发的硫浸透和大约0.446%0.554%硫化物的分离期间建议父母岩浆的那外壳的污染,并且硫化物分离过程可以也为存款关上到学习暗岩的 magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE 硫化物提供形成矿石的材料。在这区域表演 Pt-Pd 的样品打原始使披风正常化的 PGE 模式,和 Pd/Ir 比率比原始披风( Pd/Ir=1 )的高,显示在红外组铂组元素( IPGE )和Pd组铂组元素( PPGE )之间的明显的区别被橄榄石或铬铁矿分别主要在岩浆进化期间控制。大多数样品的 Pd/Pt 比率比披风(Pd/Pt=0.55 ) 的平均比率高,证明区别发生在磅和 Pd 之间。在辉石的区别可能与在披风在分离倔强的磅合金阶段招待的磅相关;而在 high-Ti 暗岩的区别可能与 Fe 磅合金的分别被联系,与 Ir-Ru-Os 合金一同沉淀。一些 high-Ti 暗岩样品展出否定 Ru 异例,可能由早使结晶的铬铁矿由于 laurite 的移动收集了。 | BAI Mei ZHONG Hong ZHU Weiguang BAI Zhongjie HE Defeng | 2013 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2013，87，1： | 3 |
| 10 | Heterogeneous reaction of NO_2 on the surface of montmorillonite particles显示文摘The studies on heterogeneous reactions over montmorillonite,which is a typical 2:1 layered aluminosilicate,will benefit to the understanding of heterogeneous reactions on clay minerals.Montmorillonite can be classified as sodium montmorillonite or calcium montmorillonite depending on the cation presented between the different layers.Using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS),the heterogeneous reaction mechanism of NO2 on the surface of montmorillonite was firstly investigated.Results showed that the reaction of NO2 on the surface of sodium and calcium montmorillonite fit a first-order kinetics,and the reaction duration of calcium montmorillonite was longer than that of sodium montmorillonite under the dry condition.For either sodium or calcium montmorillonite,the uptake coefficient decreased as humidity increased. | Zefeng Zhang Jing Shang Tong Zhu Hongjun Li Defeng Zhao Yingju Liu Chunxiang Ye | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，10： | 2 |
| 11 | Quorum sensing systems regulate heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification by changing the activity of nitrogen-cycling enzymes显示文摘Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification(HNAD)is essential in diverse nitrogen-transforming processes.How HNAD is modulated by quorum sensing(QS)systems is still ambiguous.The QS system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa manipulates colony behavior.Here,we described the influence of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal(PQS)and N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone(AHL)on HNAD.The HNAD of P.aeruginosa was inhibited by the oversecretion of PQS.AHL-or PQS-deficient P.aeruginosa mutants had a higher ability for nitrogen removal.QS inhibited heterotrophic nitrification mainly via controlling the activity of nitrite oxidoreductase(NXR)and the depressed aerobic denitrification by regulating the catalytic abilities of nitric oxide reductase(NOR),nitrite reductase(NIR),and nitrate reductase(NAR).The addition of citrate as the sole carbon source increased the nitrogen removal efficiency compared with other carbon sources.Nitrite,as the sole nitrogen source,could be used entirely with only the moderate concentration of PQS contained.AHL and PQS controlled both nitrification and denitrification,suggesting that QS plays an important role in nitrogen cycle under aerobic conditions. | Ziqian Zhu Yang Yang Anran Fang Yu Lou Guojun Xie Nanqi Ren Defeng Xing | 2020 | Environmental Science and Ecotechnology2020，，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Development and transition of rice planting in China显示文摘 | Zhang Yuping Zhu Defeng | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 13 | Going Green : How Different Ad- vertising Appeals Impact Green Consumption Behavior显示文摘 | Defeng Yang Yue Lu Wenting Zhu | 2015 | Journal of Business Research2015，，68： | 1 |
| 14 | Using X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual particle surface area, volume, and morphology towards investigating atmospheric heterogeneous reactions显示文摘Heterogeneous reactions on the aerosol particle surface in the atmosphere play important roles in air pollution, climate change, and global biogeochemical cycles. However, the reported uptake coefficients of heterogeneous reactions usually have large variations and may not be relevant to real atmospheric conditions. One of the major reasons for this is the use of bulk samples in laboratory experiments, while particles in the atmosphere are suspended individually. A number of technologies have been developed recently to study heterogeneous reactions on the surfaces of individual particles. Precise measurements on the reactive surface area, volume, and morphology of individual particles are necessary for calculating the uptake coefficient, quantifying reactants and products, and understanding the reaction mechanism better. In this study, for the first time we used synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual CaCO_3 particle morphology, with sizes ranging from 3.5–6.5 μm. Particle surface area and volume were calculated using a reconstruction method based on software threedimensional(3-D) rendering. The XCT was first validated with high-resolution fieldemission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) to acquire accurate CaCO_3 particle surface area and volume estimates. Our results showed an average difference of only 6.1% in surface area and 3.2% in volume measured either by micro-Raman spectrometry or X-ray tomography. X-ray tomography and FE-SEM can provide more morphological details of individual Ca CO3 particles than micro-Raman spectrometry. This study demonstrated that X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry can precisely measure the surface area, volume, and morphology of an individual particle. | Mingjin Wang Nan Zheng Tong Zhu Jing Shang Ting Yu Xiaojuan Song Defeng Zhao Yong Guan Yangchao Tian | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Provenance System Analysis of the Nantun Formation of the Huhehu Sag in Hailar Basin显示文摘Huhehu Sag is a new battlefield for the future oil and gas exploration in the Hailar Basin.At present,exploration of this area stays at a low level and the understanding of the provenance system of the Nantun Formation is comparatively weak.So,to carry out the detailed depiction of the provenance system in the study area is significant for the sedimentary system reconstruction,for the prediction of reservoir distribution and favorable areas.Based on comprehensive analysis of paleogeomorphy,light-heavy mineral and seismic reflection features,sandstone thickness and sandstone percentage,this paper analyzes in detail the provenance system of the Nantun Formation in Huhehu Sag from various angles and levels.It shows that provenances of the Huhehu Sag mainly originated from the eastern Xilinbeier Salient and western Bayan Mountain Uplift.The provenances surrounding the lake basin converged to the center of the basin,among which,the steep slope belt and the gentle slope belt are the main provenances,and the southern uplift is a secondary one.The distribution framework of the provenance fundamentally determines the distribution rules of the depositional system and its sand body developing during the Nantun period. | LI Junhui MENG Qi'an LU Shuangfang ZHU Defeng WU Haibo LIU He ZHANG Dazhi | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Heterogeneous reaction of NO_2 with sea salt particles显示文摘To understand how NO2 reacts with sea salt particles in the atmosphere of Mega-cities in coastal zones,the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surface of wet sea salt was investigated with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatography (IC).Kinetic measurements indicated that nitrate formation on sea salt was second order in NO 2 concentration and reactive uptake coefficients were (5.51 ± 0.19) × 10-7 and 1.26 × 10-6 respectively under 0% and 20% relative humidity (RH) at NO 2 molecular concentration of 1.96 × 1015 mol/cm3.The results showed that liquid water was formed at the site of MgCl2·6H2O,CaCl2·2H2O on the surface of sea salt and made the reaction more sustainable by releasing hydrated water and absorbing water from air even under a low RH (30%).Therefore,pure NaCl particles should not be used to represent sea salt in studies of the heterogeneous reaction with NO2. | YE ChunXiang 1,LI HongJun 1,ZHU Tong 1,SHANG Jing 1,ZHANG ZeFeng 1,2 & ZHAO DeFeng 1 1 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 2 College of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Poly(phenylene ethynylene)-coated aligned ZnO nanorod arrays for 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene detection 显示文摘 | Zhu Defeng He Qingguo Cao Huimin | 2008 | Applied Physics Letters2008，93，26： | 1 |
| 18 | Crystal structure of mabinlinII:a novel structural type of sweet proteins and the main structural basisfor its sweetness显示文摘 | LI Defeng JIANG Peihua ZHU Deyu | 2008 | Journal of Structural Biology2008，162，1： | 1 |
| 19 | An approach to increasing the resolution of industrial CT images based on an aperture collimator显示文摘 | Yining Zhu Defeng Chen Yunsong 2hao Hongwei Li Peng Zhang | 2013 | Optics Express2013，21，27： | 1 |
| 20 | Structural feature and tectonic evolution of Awati-Bachu area in Tarim Basin显示文摘The research area is situated in the western part of Tarim basin,which includes Awati depression and Bachu uplifted block. It underwent three times processes of compression in a large scale and a near term extension since Cambrian. The first compression occurred during Middle Cambrian to Devonian, which formed fault band folds in NW axial direction. They were 'under-water uplift'and distributed all over the research area. The second compression occurred in Late Permian and formed fault band folds and a few fault propagation folds in NS axial direction. They are developed near Tumuxiuke fault belt and the northern research area. The western anticline is bigger than the eastern one in extent and size. The third compression occurred during Palaeogene to Quaternary and formed tumuxiuke fault belt and fault propagation folds in NW direction. They are distributed over the south part of the research area. Tumuxiuke fault belt is a big scale dextral reversed strike-slip fault belt; it transformed or destroyed the fold structure of the research area. A short-term extension occurred during Early Permian. Tarim Basin is in the rift forming stage of craton, and there exist widespread basic volcanic rocks, basic intrusive bodies and dikes. | Zhihong LIU Defeng ZHU Junyi GAO Xiangmei WU Dongcheng LIN Liguo ZHANG | 2008 | Global Geology2008，11，1： | 0 |
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