| 1 | Effects of grazing on net primary productivity,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in the grasslands of Xinjiang,China显示文摘Grazing is a main human activity in the grasslands of Xinjiang, China. It is vital to identify the effects of grazing on the sustainable utilization of local grasslands. However, the effects of grazing on net primary productivity(NPP), evapotranspiration(ET) and water use efficiency(WUE) in this region remain unclear. Using the spatial Biome-BGC grazing model, we explored the effects of grazing on NPP, ET and WUE across the different regions and grassland types in Xinjiang during 1979–2012. NPP, ET and WUE under the grazed scenario were generally lower than those under the ungrazed scenario, and the differences showed increasing trends over time. The decreases in NPP, ET and WUE varied significantly among the regions and grassland types. NPP decreased as follows: among the regions, Northern Xinjiang(16.60 g C/(m^2·a)), Tianshan Mountains(15.94 g C/(m^2·a)) and Southern Xinjiang(-3.54 g C/(m^2·a)); and among the grassland types, typical grasslands(25.70 g C/(m^2·a)), swamp meadows(25.26 g C/(m^2·a)), mid-mountain meadows(23.39 g C/(m^2·a)), alpine meadows(6.33 g C/(m^2·a)), desert grasslands(5.82 g C/(m^2·a)) and saline meadows(2.90 g C/(m^2·a)). ET decreased as follows: among the regions, Tianshan Mountains(28.95 mm/a), Northern Xinjiang(8.11 mm/a) and Southern Xinjiang(7.57 mm/a); and among the grassland types, mid-mountain meadows(29.30 mm/a), swamp meadows(25.07 mm/a), typical grasslands(24.56 mm/a), alpine meadows(20.69 mm/a), desert grasslands(11.06 mm/a) and saline meadows(3.44 mm/a). WUE decreased as follows: among the regions, Northern Xinjiang(0.053 g C/kg H_2O), Tianshan Mountains(0.034 g C/kg H_2O) and Southern Xinjiang(0.012 g C/kg H_2O); and among the grassland types, typical grasslands(0.0609 g C/kg H_2O), swamp meadows(0.0548 g C/kg H_2O), mid-mountain meadows(0.0501 g C/kg H_2O), desert grasslands(0.0172 g C/kg H_2O), alpine meadows(0.0121 g C/kg H_2O) and saline meadows(0.0067 g C/kg H_2O). In general, the decreases in NPP and WUE were more significant in the regions with relatively high levels of vegetation growth because of the high grazing intensity in these regions. The decreases in ET were significant in mountainous areas due to the terrain and high grazing intensity. | HUANG Xiaotao LUO Geping YE Feipeng HAN Qifei | 2018 | Journal of Arid Land2018，10，4： | 9 |
| 4 | Analysis of thermal characteristics for EMuS capture solenoids显示文摘Purpose The Experimental Muon Source(EMuS)project proposed at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)is a facility for muon applications and neutrino physics research.The EMuS target station adopts a superconducting solenoid scheme to meet the requirements of muon and pion capture.The capture solenoid consists of four solenoids with different apertures to meet the requirements of the central magnetic field up to 5T.Due to the high-irradiation environment,the capture solenoid adopts aluminum-stabilized Rutherford cable winding scheme to reduce the heat deposition on the coil.The magnet design considers the degradation of properties of aluminum stabilizer after continuous neutral irradiation.Due to the characteristics of the coil material,the magnet has different steady-state thermal characteristics and quench performance during different operating periods.Method and result Through the analysis of the operating characteristics,this paper proposes the design of the magnet structure and quench protection scheme.According to the simulation,the current design can satisfy a continous operating time of 200 days per year. | Zongtai Xie Guang Zhao Zian Zhu Zhilong Hou Guoqing Zhang Ye Yuan Nikolaos Vassilopoulos Menglin Wang Feipeng Ning | 2021 | Radiation Detection Technology and Methods2021，5，4： | 0 |
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