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| 1 | Psychosocial mechanisms for the transmission of somatic symptoms from parents to children显示文摘AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the ages of8 and 15 years with and without IBS were identified through the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.Mothers completed questionnaires,including the Child Behavior Checklist(child psychological distress),the Family Inventory of Life Events(family exposure to stress),SCL-90R(mother psychological distress),and the Pain Response Inventory(beliefs about pain).Children were interviewed separately from their parents and completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire(beliefs about pain),Pain Response Inventory(coping)and Child Symptom Checklist[gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms].In addition,health care utilization data was obtained from the automated database of Group Health Cooperative.Mothers with IBS(n=207)and their 296 children were compared to 240 control mothers and their 335 children,while controlling for age and education.RESULTS:Hypothesis 1:reinforcement of expression of GI problems is only related to GI symptoms,but not others(cold symptoms)in children.There was no significant correlation between parental reinforcement of symptoms and child expression of GI or other symptoms.Hypothesis 2:modeling of GI symptomsis related to GI but not non-GI symptom reporting in children.Children of parents with IBS reported more non-GI(8.97 vs 6.70,P<0.01)as well as more GI(3.24 vs 2.27,P<0.01)symptoms.Total health care visits made by the mother correlated with visits made by the child(rho=0.35,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.26,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 3:children learn to share the methods of coping with illness that their mothers exhibit.Methods used by children to cope with stomachaches differed from methods used by their mothers.Only 2/16 scales showed weak but significant correlations(stoicism rho=0.13,P<0.05;acceptance rho=0.13,P<0.05).Hypothesis 4:mothers and children share psychological traits such as anxiety,depression,and somatization.Child psychological distress correlated with mother’s psychological distress(rho=0.41,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.38,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 5:stress that affects the whole family might explain the similarities between mothers and their children.Family exposure to stress was not a significant predictor of children’s symptom reports.Hypothesis 6:the intergenerational transmission of GI illness behavior may be due to multiple mechanisms.Regression analysis identified multiple independent predictors of the child’s GI complaints,which were similar to the predictors of the child’s non-GI symptoms(mother’s IBS status,child psychological symptoms,child catastrophizing,and child age).CONCLUSION:Multiple factors influence the reporting of children’s gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms.The clustering of illness within families is best understood using a model that incorporates all these factors. | Miranda AL van Tilburg Rona L Levy Lynn S Walker Michael Von Korff Lauren D Feld Michelle Garner Andrew D Feld William E Whitehead | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，18： | 2 |
| 2 | Acute respiratory distress syndrome in a child with Kawasaki disease显示文摘 | Palmer AL Walker T Smith JC | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 3 | Effects of extracellular calmodulin and calmodulin antagonists on Bl6 melanoma cell growth显示文摘 | Mac Neil S Walker SW Senior HJ el al | 1984 | J Invest Dermatol1984，83，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Wilson,s disease 显示文摘 | Ala A Walker AP Ashkan K ei al | 2007 | Lancet2007，369，9559： | 1 |
| 5 | Effective mobili- zation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in G-CSF mobilization defective CD26-/-mice through AMD3100-induced disruption of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis 显示文摘 | Paganessi LA Walker AL Tan LL | 2011 | Exp Hematol2011，39，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Estimating diarrheal illness and deaths attributable to Shigellae and enterotoxigenic Esche- richia coli among older children, adolescents, and adults in South Asia and Africa显示文摘 | Lamberti LM Bourgeois AL Walker CLF | 2014 | PLoS Neglect Trop Dis2014，8，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Using the solvent retention capacity test when breeding wheat for diverse production environments显示文摘 | Carl Walker Kimberly Garland Campbell Brady Carter et al | 2008 | Crop Science2008，48，： | 1 |
| 8 | A biomechanical study of simulated femoral neck fracture fixation by cannulated screws:effects of placement angle and number of screws显示文摘 | Walker E Mukherjee DP Ogden AL | 2007 | Am J Orthop2007，36，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Patients, and carersr percep-tions of safety in rural general practice显示文摘 | Heman AL Walker C Fuller J | 2014 | Med J Aust2014，201，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Activated protein C is neuroprotective and mediates new blood vessel formation and neurogenesis after controlled cortical impact显示文摘 | Petraglia AL Marky AH Walker C | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 11 | Grass pollen immunotherapy:symptomatic improvement correlates with reductions in eosinophils and IL-5mRNA expression in the nasal mucosa during the pollen season显示文摘 | WILSON D R NOURI-ARIA K T WALKER S M el al | 2001 | J Allergy Clin Immunol2001，107，： | 1 |
| 12 | Quantifying the Uncer-tainty in Passive Microwave Snow Water Equivalent Observa-tions显示文摘 | Foster J L Sun C Walker J al | 2005 | Remote Sensing of2005，94，： | 1 |
| 13 | The preeelampsia community screen forand detect onset of preeclampsia in the community显示文摘 | Milne F Redman C Walker J et guideline ( PRECOG ) : how to al | 2005 | BMJ2005，330，7491： | 1 |
| 14 | A biomechanical study ofsimulated femoral neck fracture fixation by cannulated screws : effectsof placement angle and number of screws 显示文摘 | Walker E Mukheijee DP Ogden AL | 2007 | Am J Orthop ( BelleMead NJ)2007，12，： | 1 |
| 15 | A biomechanical study of simulatedfemoral neck fracture fixation by cannulated screws: effects of placement angleand number of screws显示文摘 | Walker E Mukherjee EP Qgden AL | 2007 | Am J Qrthop (Belle IVfead NJ)2007，36，68： | 1 |
| 16 | A biomechanical study of simulated femoral neck fracture fixation by cannulated screws:effects of placement angle and number of screws显示文摘 | Walker E Mukherjee DP Ogden AL | 2007 | Am J Orthop2007，36，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Reiterated repeat region variability in the ciliary adhesin gene of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae显示文摘 | Scarman AL Walker MJ Djordjevic SP | 1998 | Microbiology1998，144，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Long-term clinical efficacy of grass-pollen immunotherapy 显示文摘 | DURHAM S R WALKER S M VARGA E M et al | 1999 | N Engl J Med1999，341，： | 1 |
| 19 | Meningeal mast cells affect early T cell central nervous system infiltration and blood-brain barrier integrity through TNF:a role for neutrophil recruitment J显示文摘 | Sayed BA Christy AL Walker ME | 2010 | Immunol2010，184，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Production of clones of homozigous diploid zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio)显示文摘 | Streisinger G Walker C Dower N ct al | 1981 | Nature1981，291，： | 1 |
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