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| 1 | Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury显示文摘We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors(TLR)2 and 4.The downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)are also affected by argon and may play a role in neuroprotection.It also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage,reduce excessive microglial activation,and subsequently attenuate brain inflammation.Despite intensive research,the further exact mechanism remains unclear.In this study,human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours(to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage),followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon(75%).In a separate in vivo experiment,retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour.Upon reperfusion,argon was administered by inhalation for 2 hours.Argon reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,nuclear factor kappa B,activator protein 1,and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,which are involved in regulation of neuronal damage.Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas ligand.Some transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors;therefore,their effects could be eliminated,at least in part,by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine(OxPAPC).Argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL-1α),IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factorα,and inducible nitric oxide synthase.Our results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial activation.Argon has no known side effects or narcotic properties;therefore,therapeutic use of this noble gas appears ideal for treatment of patients with neuronal damage in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.The animal experiments were approved by the Commission for Animal Care of the University of Freiburg(approval No.35-9185.81/G14-122)on October 19,2012. | Ulrich Goebel Stefanie Scheid Sashko Spassov Nils Schallner Jakob Wollborn Hartmut Buerkle Felix Ulbrich | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Carvedilol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with haemodynamic non-response to propranolol显示文摘 | Thomas Reiberger Gregor Ulbrich Arnulf Ferlitsch Berit Anna Payer Philipp Schwabl Matthias Pinter Birgit B Heinisch Michael Trauner Ludwig Kramer Markus Peck-Radosavljevic | 2013 | Gut2013，，11： | 2 |
| 3 | Argon preconditioning protects neuronal cells with a Toll-like receptor-mediated effect显示文摘The noble gas argon has the potential to protect neuronal cells from cell death.So far,this effect has been studied in treatment after acute damage.Preconditioning using argon has not yet been investigated.In this study,human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of argon(25%,50%,and 74%;21%O_(2),5%CO_(2),balance nitrogen)at different time intervals before inflicting damage with rotenone(20μM,4 hours).Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after annexin V and propidium iodide staining.Surface expressions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 were also examined.Cells were also processed for analysis by western blot and qPCR to determine the expression of apoptotic and inflammatory proteins,such as extracellular-signal regulated kinase(ERK1/2),nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB),protein kinase B(Akt),caspase-3,Bax,Bcl-2,interleukin-8,and heat shock proteins.Immunohistochemical staining was performed for TLR2 and 4 and interleukin-8.Cells were also pretreated with OxPAPC,an antagonist of TLR2 and 4 to elucidate the molecular mechanism.Results showed that argon preconditioning before rotenone application caused a dose-dependent but not a time-dependent reduction in the number of apoptotic cells.Preconditioning with 74%argon for 2 hours was used for further experiments showing the most promising results.Argon decreased the surface expression of TLR2 and 4,whereas OxPAPC treatment partially abolished the protective effect of argon.Argon increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but decreased NF-κB and Akt.Preconditioning inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis and the heat shock response.Argon also suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8.Immunohistochemistry confirmed the alteration of TLRs and interleukin-8.OxPAPC reversed the argon effect on ERK1/2,Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,and interleukin-8 expression,but not on NF-κB and the heat shock proteins.Taken together,argon preconditioning protects against apoptosis of neuronal cells and mediates its action via Toll-like receptors.Argon may represent a promising therapeutic alternative in various clinical settings,such as the treatment of stroke. | Stefanie Scheid Adrien Lejarre Jakob Wollborn Hartmut Buerkle Ulrich Goebel Felix Ulbrich | 2023 | Neural Regeneration Research2023，18，6： | 2 |
| 4 | Von Willebrand factor as new noninvasive predictor of portal hypertension, decompensation and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis显示文摘 | Monika Ferlitsch Thomas Reiberger Matthias Hoke Petra Salzl Bernadette Schwengerer Gregor Ulbrich Berit Anna Payer Michael Trauner Markus Peck‐Radosavljevic Arnulf Ferlitsch | 2012 | Hepatology2012，，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Potential impacts of climatechange on groundwater recharge and streamflow in a cen- tral European low mountain range显示文摘 | Eckhardt K Ulbrich U | 2003 | Journal of Hydrol- ogy2003，284，： | 1 |
| 6 | Onthesuperlinearlocalconvergenceofafilter-SQPmethod显示文摘 | UlbrichS | | 0，，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Carvedilol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic pa- tients with haemodynamic non-response to propranolol显示文摘 | Reiberger T Ulbrich G Ferlitsch A | 2013 | Gut2013，62，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Hepatocellular carcino- ma: A phase II randomized controlled double-blind trial of transarterial chemoembolization in combination with biweekly in- travenous administration of bevacizumab or a placebo 显示文摘 | Pinter M Ulbrich G Sieghart W | 2015 | Radiol- ogy2015，277，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Prognostic factors insalvage surgery for recurrent oral and oropharyngeal cancer显示文摘 | Agra IM CCarvalho AL Ulbrich FS | 2006 | Head Neck2006，28，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Modeled gravitational unloading induced downregulation of endothelin-1 in human endothelial cells显示文摘 | Infanger M Ulbrich C Baatout S | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 11 | Semismooth Newton methods for operator equations in function spaces显示文摘 | Ulbrich M | 2003 | SIAM Journal on Optimization2003，13，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Methods for quality -driven product development显示文摘 | KRAUSE F L ULBRICH A WOLL R | 1993 | Annuals of the CIRP1993，42，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution显示文摘 | Ulbrich C W | 1983 | J Climate Appl Meteorol1983，22，： | 1 |
| 14 | On the superlinear local convergence of a filter-SQP method显示文摘 | Ulbrich S | 2004 | Mathematical Programming2004，100，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Formation ofmilk protein-pectin conjugates with improved emulsifying properties bycontrolled dry heating显示文摘 | EINHORN-STOLL U ULBRICH M SEVER S | 2005 | Food Hydrocolloids2005，19，2： | 1 |
| 16 | On the superlinear local convergence of a filter-SQP method显示文摘 | Ulbrich S | 2004 | Mathematical Programming(Series B)2004，100，： | 1 |
| 17 | Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of the gene encoding an anti- fungal-protein from Aspergillus giganteus 显示文摘 | Wnendt S Ulbrich N Stahl U | 1994 | Curr Genet1994，25，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Rules of engagement for NMDA re- ceptor subunits显示文摘 | Ulbrich MH Isaeoff EY | 2008 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2008，105，14： | 1 |
| 19 | A globally convergent primal-dual interior-point filter method for nonconvex nonlinear programming显示文摘 | Ulbrich M Ulbrich S Vicente L N | 2003 | Mathematical Programming2003，100，： | 1 |
| 20 | Interpretation of organic components from Positive Matrix Factorization of aerosol mass spectrometric data 显示文摘 | Ulbrich I M Canagaratna M R Zhang Q | 2009 | Atmos Chem Phys2009，9，： | 1 |
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