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| 1 | Beyond the stomach: An updated view of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is an extremely common, yet underappreciated, pathogen that is able to alter host physiology and subvert the host immune response, allowing it to persist for the life of the host. H. pylori is the primary cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In the United States, the annual cost associated with peptic ulcer disease is estimated to be $6 billion and gastric cancer kills over 700000 people per year globally. The prevalence of H. pylori infection remains high(> 50%) in much of the world, although the infection rates are dropping in some developed nations. The drop in H. pylori prevalence could be a double-edged sword, reducing the incidence of gastric diseases while increasing the risk of allergies and esophageal diseases. The list of diseases potentially caused by H. pylori continues to grow; however, mechanistic explanations of how H. pylori could contribute to extragastric diseases lag far behind clinical studies. A number of host factors and H. pylori virulence factors act in concert to determine which individuals are at the highest risk of disease. These include bacterial cytotoxins and polymorphisms in host genes responsible for directing the immune response. This review discusses the latest advances in H. pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Up-todate information on correlations between H. pylori and extragastric diseases is also provided. | Traci L Testerman James Morris | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 47 |
| 2 | 我国部分地区丙型肝炎病毒基因分型研究显示文摘目的 研究中国丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)基因型分布。方法 应用AmplicorPCR试剂盒检测北京、青岛、固安和周口等地 2 7例抗 HCV阳性的单采浆供血员和 36例慢性丙型肝炎病人血清HCVRNA ,并对其中 36例HCVRNA阳性者用INNO LiPATM HCVⅡ试剂盒进行HCV基因分型。结果 抗 HCV阳性的单采浆供血员和慢性丙型肝炎病人HCVRNA检出率分别为 48.15 % (13/ 2 7)和 6 9.44 % (2 5 / 36 ) ,平均为 6 0 .32 % (38/ 6 3)。对 13例HCVRNA阳性的单采浆供血员和 2 3例慢性丙型肝炎病人HCV基因分型结果表明 ,2 9例 (80 .5 5 % )为 1b型 ,5例 (13.89% )为 2型 ,另 2例(5 .5 6 % )不能被分型。结论 上述调查地区流行的HCV基因型以 | 庄辉 Tracy L 崔怡辉 凌斌华 张玲霞 Bowden S | 2001 | 中华流行病学杂志2001，22，2： | 29 |
| 3 | Review of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome显示文摘Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Women with PCOS frequently have metabolic complications including insulin resistance(IR), early diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between PCOS and another metabolic complication: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). NAFLD occurs as a result of abnormal lipid handling by the liver, which sensitizes the liver to injury and inflammation. It can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which is characterized by hepatocyte injury and apoptosis. With time and further inflammation, NASH can progress to cirrhosis. Thus, given the young age at which NAFLD may occur in PCOS, these women may be at significant risk for progressive hepatic injury over the course of their lives. Many potential links between PCOS and NAFLD have been proposed, most notably IR and hyperandrogenemia. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between PCOS and NAFLD. In the interim, clinicians should be aware of this connection and consider screening for NAFLD in PCOS patients who have other metabolic risk factors. The optimal method of screening is unknown. However, measuring alanine aminotransferase and/or obtaining ultrasound on high-risk patients can be considered. First line treatment consists of lifestyle interventions and weight loss, with possible pharmacologic interventions in some cases. | Carly E Kelley Ann J Brown Anna Mae Diehl Tracy L Setji | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 11 |
| 4 | Helicobacter pylori arginase mutant colonizes arginase Ⅱ knockout mice显示文摘AIM: To investigate the role of host and bacterial arginases in the colonization of mice by Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori).METHODS: H.pylori produces a very powerful urease that hydrolyzes urea to carbon dioxide and ammonium,which neutralizes acid.Urease is absolutely essential to H.pylori pathogenesis;therefore,the urea substrate must be in ample supply for urease to work efficiently.The urea substrate is most likely provided by arginase activity,which hydrolyzes L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea.Previous work has demonstrated that H.pylori arginase is surprisingly not required for colonization of wild-type mice.Hence,another in vivo source of the critical urea substrate must exist.We hypothesized that the urea source was provided by host arginase Ⅱ,since this enzyme is expressed in the stomach,and H.pylori has previously been shown to induce the expression of murine gastric arginase Ⅱ.To test this hypothesis,wild-type and arginase (rocF) mutant H.pylori strain SS1 were inoculated into arginase Ⅱ knockout mice.RESULTS: Surprisingly,both the wild-type and rocF mutant bacteria still colonized arginase Ⅱ knockout mice.Moreover,feeding arginase Ⅱ knockout mice the host arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)L-cysteine (BEC),while inhibiting > 50% of the host arginase Ⅰ?activity in several tissues,did not block the ability of the rocF mutant H.pylori to colonize.In contrast,BEC poorly inhibited H.pylori arginase activity.CONCLUSION: The in vivo source for the essential urea utilized by H.pylori urease is neither bacterial arginase nor host arginase Ⅱ;instead,either residual host arginase Ⅰ?or agmatinase is probably responsible. | Songhee H Kim Melanie L Langford Jean-Luc Boucher Traci L Testerman David J McGee | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，28： | 3 |
| 5 | Contemporary surgical management of rectovaginal fistula in Crohn's disease显示文摘Rectovaginal fistula is a disastrous complication of Crohn's disease(CD) that is exceedingly difficult to treat. It is a disabling condition that negatively impacts a women's quality of life. Successful management is possible only after accurate and complete assessment of the entire gastrointestinal tract has been performed. Current treatment algorithms range from observation to medical management to the need for surgical intervention. A wide variety of success rates have been reported for all management options. The choice of surgical repair methods depends on various fistula and patient characteristics. Before treatment is undertaken, establishing reasonable goals and expectations of therapy is essential for both the patient and surgeon. This article aims to highlight the various surgical techniques and their outcomes for repair of CD associated rectovaginal fistula. | Michael A Valente Tracy L Hull | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Soil moisture: A central and unifying theme in physical geography显示文摘 | Legates David R Mahmood Rezaul Levia Delphis F DeLiberty Tracy L Quiring Steven M Houser Chris Nelson Frederick E | 2011 | Progress in Physical Geography2011，，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Reduced striatal volumes in Parkinson’s disease:a magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘Background:The presence and extent of structural changes in the brain as a consequence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is still poorly understood.Methods:High-resolution 3-tesla T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images in sixty-five PD and 27 age-matched healthy control participants were examined.Putamen,caudate,and intracranial volumes were manually traced in the axial plane of 3D reconstructed images.Striatal nuclei volumes were normalized to intracranial volume for statistical comparison.Disease status was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale.Cognitive status was assessed using global status tests and detailed neuropsychological testing.Results:Both caudate and putamen volumes were smaller in PD brains compared to controls after adjusting for age and gender.Caudate volumes were reduced by 11%(p=0.001)and putamen volumes by 8.1%(p=0.025).PD striatal volumes were not found to be significantly correlated with cognitive or motor decline.Conclusion:Small,but significant reductions in the volume of both the caudate and putamen occur in PD brains.These reductions are independent of the effects of age and gender,however the relation of these reductions to the functional loss of dopamine,which is characteristic of PD,remains unclear. | Toni L Pitcher Tracy R Melzer Michael R MacAskill Charlotte F Graham Leslie Livingston Ross J Keenan Richard Watts John C Dalrymple-Alford Tim J Anderson | 2012 | Translational Neurodegeneration2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Identifying and assessing ecotourism visitor impacts at eight protected areas in Costa Rica and Belize显示文摘 | Tracy A Farrell Jeffrey L Marion | 2001 | Environment Conservation2001，28，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Characteristics of aggregation induced emission in 1,1 -dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl and 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenyl siloles and germoles显示文摘 | MULLIN J L TRACY H J FORD J R | 2007 | J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater2007，17，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Application of ultra- high moulus composites to primary structures 显示文摘 | Foster J L Tracy J J Elizondo C A | 1993 | AIAA-93-1405 -CP1993，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Parental socialization of emotion显示文摘 | Eisenberg N Cumberland A Tracy L | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 12 | Increased environmental gamma-ray dose rate during precipitation:a strong correlation with contributing air mass显示文摘 | Mercier J F Tracy B L Amours R d' | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Angiotensin II type 1 receptor polymorphisms in the cardiovascular haelth study: relation to blood pressure, ethnicity, and cardiovascular events显示文摘 | HINDORFF L A HECKBERT S R TRACY R | 2002 | Am J Hypertens2002，15，： | 1 |
| 14 | Early microbial translocation blockade reduces SIV-mediated inflammation and viral replication显示文摘 | Kristoff Jan Haret-Richter George Ma Dongzhu Ribeiro Ruy M Xu Cuiling Cornell Elaine Stock Jennifer L He Tianyu Mobley Adam D Ross Samantha Trichel Anita Wilson Cara Tracy Russell Landay Alan Apetrei Cristian Pandrea Ivona | 2014 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2014，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Peer-to-peer Lending to Small Businesses显示文摘 | Traci L M Courtney M C Cailin R S | 2014 | Staff Working Pa- pers in the Finance and Economics Discussion Se- ries2014，10，： | 1 |
| 16 | Alliances,networks and competitive strategy:Rethinking clusters of innovation显示文摘 | Tracy Paul Clark Gordon L | 2003 | Growth & Change2003，34，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Perioperative anemia: an in- dependent risk factor tbr infection, mortality, and resource uti- lization in surgery 显示文摘 | l)unne JR Malone D Tracy JK | 2002 | J Surg Res2002，，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Associations of ele-vated interleukin-6and C-reactive protein levels with mortali-ty in the elderly显示文摘 | Harris TB Ferrucci L Tracy RP | 1999 | Am J Med1999，106，： | 1 |
| 19 | Beneficial effects of plants in the remediation of soil and ground- water contaminated with organic materials显示文摘 | SHIMP J F TRACY J C DAVIS L C | 1993 | Environment Science Technology1993，，23： | 1 |
| 20 | The occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a community hospital:risk factors and clinical outcomes显示文摘 | Ibrahim EH Tracy L Hill C | 2011 | Chest2011，120，2： | 1 |
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