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| 1 | Inoculation with Pseudomonas spp. Containing ACC-Deaminase Partially Eliminates the Effects of Drought Stress on Growth,Yield,and Ripening of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)显示文摘Two preselected plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC) -deaminase(EC 4.1.99.4) were used to investigate their potential to ameliorate the effects of drought stress on growth,yield,and ripening of pea(Pisum sativum L.) . Inoculated and uninoculated(control) seeds of pea cultivar 2000 were sown in pots(four seeds pot-1) and placed in a wire house. The plants were exposed to drought stress at different stages of growth(vegetative,flowering,and pod formation) by skipping the respective irrigation. Results revealed that inoculation of peas with PGPR containing ACC-deaminase significantly decreased the 'drought stress imposed effects' on the growth and yield of peas. Exposure of plants to drought stress at vegetative growth stage significantly decreased shoot growth by 41% in the case of uninoculated plants,whereas,by only 18% in the case of inoculated plants compared to nonstressed uninoculated control. Grain yield was decreased when plants were exposed to drought stress at the flowering and pod formation stage,but inoculation resulted in better grain yield(up to 62% and 40% higher,respectively) than the respective uninoculated nonstressed control. Ripening of pods was also delayed in plants inoculated with PGPR,which may imply decreased endogenous ethylene production in inoculated plants. This premise is further supported by the observation that inoculation with PGPR reduced the intensity of classical 'triple' response in etiolated pea seedlings,caused by externally applied ACC. It is very probable that the drought stress induced inhibitory effects of ethylene could be partially or completely eliminated by inoculation with PGPR containing ACC-deaminase. | M. ARSHAD B. SHAHAROONA T. MAHMOOD | 2008 | Pedosphere2008，18，5： | 24 |
| 2 | Personal Review:Sources of sulfide in waste streams and current biotechnologies for its removal显示文摘Sulfide-containing waste streams are generated by a number of industries. It is emitted into the environment as dis- solved sulfide (S2- and HS-) in wastewaters and as H2S in waste gases. Due to its corrosive nature, biological hydrogen sulfide removal processes are being investigated to overcome the chemical and disposal costs associated with existing chemically based removal processes. The nitrogen and sulfur metabolism interacts at various levels of the wastewater treatment process. Hence, the sulfur cycle offers possibilities to integrate nitrogen removal in the treatment process, which needs to be further optimized by appropriate design of the reactor configuration, optimization of performance parameters, retention of biomass and optimization of biomass growth. The present paper reviews the biotechnological advances to remove sulfides from various environments. | MAHMOOD Qaisar ZHENG Ping CAI Jing HAYAT Yousaf HASSAN Muhammad Jaffar WU Dong-lei HU Bao-lan | 2007 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2007，8，7： | 22 |
| 3 | Emerging potential of exosomes for treatment of traumatic brain injury显示文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide.No effective treatment has been identified from clinical trials.Compelling evidence exists that treatment with mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) exerts a substantial therapeutic effect after experimental brain injury.In addition to their soluble factors,therapeutic effects of MSCs may be attributed to their generation and release of exosomes.Exosomes are endosomal origin small-membrane nano-sized vesicles generated by almost all cell types.Exosomes play a pivotal role in intercellular communication.Intravenous delivery of MSC-derived exosomes improves functional recovery and promotes neuroplasticity in rats after TBI.Therapeutic effects of exosomes derive from the exosome content,especially micro RNAs(mi RNAs).mi RNAs are small non-coding regulatory RNAs and play an important role in posttranscriptional regulation of genes.Compared with their parent cells,exosomes are more stable and can cross the blood-brain barrier.They have reduced the safety risks inherent in administering viable cells such as the risk of occlusion in microvasculature or unregulated growth of transplanted cells.Developing a cell-free exosome-based therapy may open up a novel approach to enhancing multifaceted aspects of neuroplasticity and to amplifying neurological recovery,potentially for a variety of neural injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.This review discusses the most recent knowledge of exosome therapies for TBI,their associated challenges and opportunities. | Ye Xiong Asim Mahmood Michael Chopp | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，1： | 22 |
| 4 | Photocatalysts for degradation of dyes in industrial effluents:Opportunities and challenges显示文摘Discharging dye contaminants into water is a major concern around the world.Among a variety of methods to treat dye-contaminated water,photocatalytic degradation has gained attention as a tool for treating the colored water.Herein,we review the recent advancements in photocatalysis for dye degradation in industrial effluents by categorizing photocatalyst materials into three generations.First generation photocatalysts are composed of single-component materials (e.g.,TiO2,ZnO,and CdS),while second generation photocatalysts are composed of multiple components in a suspension (e.g.,WO3/NiWO4,BiOl/ZnTiOa,and C3N4/Ag3VO4).Photocatalysts immobilized on solid substrates are regarded as third generation materials (e.g.,FTO/WO3-ZnO,Steel/TiO2-WO3,and Glass/P-TiO2).Photocatalytic degradation mechanisms,factors affecting the dye degradation,and the lesser-debated uncertainties related to the photocatalysis are also discussed to offer better insights into environmental applications.Furthermore,quantum yields of different photocatalysts are calculated,and a performance evaluation method is proposed to compare photocatalyst systems for dye degradation.Finally,we discuss the present limitations of photocatalytic dye degradation for field applications and the future of the technology. | Hassan Anwer Asad Mahmood Jechan Lee Ki-Hyun Kim Jae-Woo Park Alex C.K.Yip | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，5： | 21 |
| 5 | 同步厌氧生物脱氮除硫工艺性能的研究显示文摘研究了同步厌氧生物脱氮除硫工艺的性能。该工艺具有很高的硫化物和硝酸盐转化潜能,稳态运行时的容积硫化物去除率和容积硝酸盐去除率分别为3.73kg/(m3.d)和0.80kg/(m3.d);能够耐受580mg/L的硫化物浓度和110mg/L的硝酸盐浓度,适宜浓度分别为280mg/L和67.5mg/L;能够耐受较高的水力负荷,适宜的水力停留时间为0.13d,反应器运行性能会因缩短水力停留时间而突发性恶化。 | 蔡靖 郑平 Qaisar Mahmood 黄可谈 傅磊 | 2006 | 生物工程学报2006，22，5： | 21 |
| 6 | Current understanding of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury and cell-based therapeutic opportunities显示文摘 | Ye Xiong Asim Mahmood Michael Chopp | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2018，21，3： | 19 |
| 7 | Review:Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops显示文摘Heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, chromium and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms, and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals enter the human body mainly through two routes namely: inhalation and ingestion, ingestion being the main route of exposure to these elements in human population. Heavy metals intake by human populations through food chain has been reported in many countries. Soil threshold for heavy metal toxicity is an important factor affecting soil environmental capacity of heavy metal and determines heavy metal cumulative loading limits. For soil-plant system, heavy metal toxicity threshold is the highest permissible content in the soil (total or bioavailable concentration) that does not pose any phytotoxic effects or heavy metals in the edible parts of the crops does not exceed food hygiene standards. Factors affecting the thresholds of dietary toxicity of heavy metal in soil-crop system include: soil type which includes soil pH, organic matter content, clay mineral and other soil chemical and biochemical properties; and crop species or cultivars regulated by genetic basis for heavy metal transport and accumulation in plants. In addition, the interactions of soil-plant root-microbes play important roles in regulating heavy metal movement from soil to the edible parts of crops. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer and water managements as well as crop rotation system can affect bioavailability and crop accumulation of heavy metals, thus influencing the thresholds for assessing dietary toxicity of heavy metals in the food chain. This paper reviews the phytotoxic effects and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vegetables and food crops and assesses soil heavy metal thresholds for potential dietary toxicity. | ISLAM Ejaz ul YANG Xiao-e HE Zhen-li MAHMOOD Qaisar | 2007 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2007，8，1： | 18 |
| 8 | 春茶采摘末期遮荫对其生长和品质的影响显示文摘为延长春茶采摘期,提高其产量,进行了遮阳网遮荫栽培试验研究。根据不同遮光率和不同遮荫高度,在茶园中设置4个处理:60%遮光率+2.0 m遮荫高度(T1)、40%遮光率+2.0 m遮荫高度(T2)、40%遮光率+2.5 m遮荫高度(T3)和无遮荫的对照处理(CK);试验全程分为前、中、后期。试验研究以上各处理遮阳网内外温、湿度环境的差异,茶树新稍、叶片生长状况和茶芽叶品质指标。结果表明:遮荫后,茶树冠层处的日最高气温显著降低,遮光率越高降幅越大,最大降幅为3.9℃;08:00—17:00的最低相对湿度均增大,遮光率越高增幅越大,最大增幅为9.01%;新稍长度、粗度均增加,以T1处理的增幅最大,分别为22.3%和13.5%;新稍叶片的叶绿素相对含量和芽叶含水率,随着遮光率增大而增高;与CK处理相比,T1处理的新稍叶片日平均净光合速率变大,而T2和T3显著变小;T3处理增加了茶叶水浸出物、茶多酚和酚氨比,降低了氨基酸含量,导致茶汤浓厚、苦涩味加重;而T1处理在试验前期增加了咖啡碱含量,降低了水浸出物含量和酚氨比。综上所述,在春茶采摘末期采用60%遮光率的遮阳网进行遮荫栽培,对于保持春茶品质、延长采摘期具有重要的生产指导意义。 | 胡永光 江丰 MAHMOOD Ashraf 刘鹏飞 | 2018 | 农业机械学报2018，49，1： | 17 |
| 9 | Appraisal of active tectonics in Hindu Kush:Insights from DEM derived geomorphic indices and drainage analysis显示文摘在构造地活跃的印度人 Kush (NW 巴基斯坦和 NE 阿富汗) 的风景源于垂直、水平的外壳的块运动以及侵蚀和免职过程的效果的复杂集成。在这个区域的活跃 tectonics 极大地影响了排水系统和似地球形状的表情。学习区域是三条重要山脉(印度人 Kush-Karakorum-Himalayas ) 的一个连接并且因此是一个理想的自然实验室调查源于印度欧亚大陆碰撞的相对构造活动。我们用 DEM 评估活跃 tectonics 导出的排水网络和似地球形状的索引 hypsometric 积分(嗨),溪流长度坡度( SL ),分数维的尺寸( FD ),盆不对称现象因素( AF ),盆形状索引( B ),山谷地板宽度到山谷高度比率( Vf )和山脉前面蜿蜒( Smf )。从这些索引获得的结果被联合用 GIS 产出相对活跃 tectonics (IRAT ) 的一个索引。七个测量似地球形状的索引的一般水准被用来在学习区域评估相对构造活动的分发。我们定义四个班定义相对构造活动的度:班 1__very 高度(1.0 IRAT < 1.3 ) ;班 2__high (1.3 IRAT < 1.5 ) ;班 3moderate (1.5 IRAT < 1.8 ) ;并且班 4low (1.8 IRAT ) 。鉴于结果,我们断定这条联合途径允许与活跃 tectonics 有关的高度使变形的区域的鉴定。Landsat 形象和领域观察也基于偏斜的溪流,使变形的地形,活跃的山前面和三角形的方面证实活跃 tectonics 的存在。IRAT 的指示的价值与已知的亲戚的区域一致高举率,地形和地质学。 | Syed Amer Mahmood Richard Gloaguen | 2012 | Geoscience Frontiers2012，3，4： | 15 |
| 10 | Comparison of different diagnostic methods in infants with Cholestasis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate different methods in differentiating idiopathic neonatal hepatitis from biliary atresia. METHODS: Sixty-five infants with cholestatic jaundice and final diagnosis of idiopathic neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia were studied prospectively from September 2003 to March 2006. A thorough history and physical examination were undertaken and the liver enzymes were examined. All cases underwent abdominal ultrasonography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and percutaneous liver biopsy. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of these various methods were compared. RESULTS: There were 34 girls and 31 boys, among them 46 subjects had idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (age, 61 ± 17 d) and 19 had biliary atresia (age, 64 ± 18 d). The mean age at onset of jaundice was significantly lower in cases of biliary atresia when compared to idiopathic neonatal hepatitis cases (9 ± 13 d vs 20 ± 21 d; P = 0.032). The diagnostic accuracy of different methods was as follows: liver biopsy, 96.9%; clinical evaluation, 70.8%; ultrasonography, 69.2%; hepatobiliary scintigraphy, 58.5%; and liver enzymes, 50.8%.CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that clinical evaluation by an experienced pediatric hepatologist and a biopsy of the liver are considered as the most reliable methods to differentiate idiopathic neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia. | Seyed Mohsen Dehghani Mahmood Haghighat Mohammad Hadi Imanieh Bita Geramizadeh | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，36： | 14 |
| 11 | 脱氮除硫菌株的分离鉴定和功能确认显示文摘从长期稳定运行的脱氮除硫反应器污泥中,分离获得两株具有脱氮除硫功能的芽孢杆菌。经形态观察、生理试验和16SrDNA序列比对,将两菌株归入芽孢杆菌属,菌株CB归类于Bacillus pseudofirmus,菌株CS则与Bacillus hemicellulosilytus和Bacillus halodurans最为接近。以Biolog板检测,菌株CB的基质多样性不明显,菌株CS则可利用Biolog板中多种碳源。菌株CB和菌株CS都能以硝酸盐氧化硫化物,其中菌株CB对硝酸盐、硫化物的转化能力大于CS,菌株CB对硝酸盐的亲和力也大于菌株CS。 | 蔡靖 郑平 胡宝兰 Qaisar Mahmood | 2007 | 微生物学报2007，47，6： | 13 |
| 12 | GPS/INU/DM组合定位导航技术在ITS中的应用显示文摘介绍了智能交通系统 (ITS ,IntelligentTransportSystems)的基本思想 ,阐述了GPS/INU/DM (GlobalPositioningSystem/InertialNavigationUnit/DigitalMap)组合定位导航技术在ITS中的应用 ,以及提高组合定位导航精度及可靠性的几种技术措施 .该组合定位导航是将卫星定位技术、惯性导航定位技术以及计算机技术融合在一起的新型技术 ,具有全方位、全天候、防遮挡的功能 .ITS中利用组合导航技术可实现道路交通管理“自动化”、车辆行驶“智能化” ,具有良好的实用价值 ,应用前景广泛 . | 张飞舟 Basharat Mahmood Khawaja 范跃祖 孙先仿 | 2000 | 北京航空航天大学学报2000，26，3： | 13 |
| 13 | 热处理对电弧增材制造Inconel 625合金显微组织和力学性能的影响显示文摘研究电弧增材制造Inconel 625合金热处理前后的显微组织和力学性能。未热处理样品的显微组织中形成枝晶镍基固溶体相、(Nb,Ti)C碳化物、Laves相和δ-Ni3Nb二次相。固溶热处理导致Laves和Ni3Nb相的溶解。此外,枝晶被大柱状晶取代。时效热处理导致晶界M23C6碳化物和纳米γ''晶的析出。未经热处理试样的硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率与铸态合金的接近,其断裂为穿晶韧性断裂。固溶热处理能提高合金的硬度和屈服强度,降低伸长率,但对抗拉强度影响不大。此外,时效热处理导致拉伸性能变差,断裂模式转变为穿晶韧性断裂和沿晶脆性断裂的混合模式。 | Abolfazl SAFARZADE Mahmood SHARIFITABAR Mahdi SHAFIEE AFARANI | 2020 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2020，30，11： | 13 |
| 14 | Kinematic Analysis and Design of a 3-DOF Translational Parallel Robot显示文摘Parallel mechanisms are widely used in various fields of engineering and industrial applications such as machine tools, flight simulators, earthquake simulators, medical equipment, etc. Parallel mechanisms are restricted to some limitations such as irregular workspace, existence of singular points and complexity of control systems which should be studied and analyzed for effective and efficient use. In this research, a new machine tool with parallel mechanism which has three translational degrees of freedom is studied and the workspace and singular points are determined by deriving analytical equations and then utilizing of Matlab software. To do so, forward and inverse kinematics of the mechanism are obtained and workspace and singular points are calculated using a search algorithm.Afterward, in order to validate the results, the proposed mechanism is simulated in automatic dynamics analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS) software. Moreover, in order to investigate the quality of robot performance and dexterity of the mechanism in its workspace,global dexterity index(GDI) of the robot is calculated using Jacobean matrix at different positions of the mobile platform. | Mahmood Mazare Mostafa Taghizadeh M. Rasool Najafi | 2017 | International Journal of Automation and computing2017，14，4： | 13 |
| 15 | Analyzing drying characteristics and modeling of thin layers of peppermint leaves under hot-air and infrared treatments显示文摘The drying kinetics of peppermint leaves was studied to determine the best drying method for them.Two drying methods include hot-air and infrared techniques,were employed.Three different temperatures(30,40,50℃)and air velocities(0.5,1,1.5 m/s)were selected for the hot-air drying process.Three levels of infrared intensity(1500,3000,4500 W/m^2),emitter-sample distance(10,15,20 cm)and air speed(0.5,1,1.5 m/s)were used for the infrared drying technique.According to the results,drying had a falling rate over time.Drying kinetics of peppermint leaves was explained and compared using three mathematical models.To determine coefficients of these models,non-linear regression analysis was used.The models were evaluated in terms of reduced chi-square(χ^2),root mean square error(RMSE)and coefficient of determination(R^2)values of experimental and predicted moisture ratios.Statistical analyses indicated that the model with the best fitness in explaining the drying behavior of peppermint samples was the Logarithmic model for hot-air drying and Midilli model for infrared drying.Moisture transfer in peppermint leaves was also described using Fick’s diffusion model.The lowest effective moisture diffusivity(1.096×10^-11m^2/s)occurred during hot-air drying at 30℃ using 0.5 m/s,whereas its highest value(5.928×10^-11m^2/s)belonged to infrared drying using 4500 W/m^2 infrared intensity,0.5 m/s airflow velocity and 10 cm emitter-sample distance.The activation energy for infrared and hot-air drying were ranged from 0.206 to 0.439 W/g,and from 21.476 to 27.784 kJ/mol,respectively. | Seyed-Hassan Miraei Ashtiani Alireza Salarikia Mahmood Reza Golzarian | 2017 | Information Processing in Agriculture2017，4，2： | 12 |
| 16 | Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: Experience with 181 cases from southern Iran显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the clinical presentation, response to prophylactic therapy and outcome of children with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) in Shiraz, Iran.METHODS: During a period of 11 years (March 1994 to March 2005), 181 consecutive children with a final diagnosis of CVS were evaluated, treated and followed in our center. Patients were randomized to receive either amitriptyline or propranolol as prophylactic treatments. RESULTS: There were 88 boys and 93 girls with mean age of onset of symptoms of 4.9 ± 3.3 years (range, neonatal period to 14 years), the mean age at final diagnosis was 6.9 years (range, 1.5 to 14), and the mean duration between the onset of the first attack and the final diagnosis of CVS was 2 ± 1.81 years (range, 1/6 to 8). The mean duration of each attack was 4.26 days (range, from few hours to 10 d) and the mean interval between the attacks was 1.8 mo (range, 1 wk to 12 mo). The time of onset of the attacks was midnight to early morning in about 70% of cases. Amitriptyline was effective in 46 out of 81 (56%) patients (P < 0.001). Propranolol appeared to have a superior action and was effective in 74 out of 83 (92%) patients (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: There is a significant lag time between the onset of clinical symptoms and the final diagnosis of CVS in our area. In patients with typical clinical presentations of CVS, who are examined by an experienced physician, invasive workup is not necessary. Propranolol appears more effective than amitriptyline for prophylactic use in children with CVS. | Mahmood Haghighat Seyed Mohammad Rafie Seyed Mohsen Dehghani Gholam Hossein Fallahi Marzieh Nejabat | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，12： | 11 |
| 17 | Microporous bamboo biochar for lithium-sulfur batteries显示文摘简单、便宜、可伸缩、环境地友好,多微孔的生物资源 biochars 在锂硫(Li-S ) 为申请一直在吸引热心注意电池。此处,多孔的竹子 biochar 经由创造多微孔的结构的一个 KOH/annealing 过程被激活,增加表面区域并且提高电子电导率。对待的样品被用来包含硫准备多微孔的竹子碳硫(英国计算机学会) 用作为 Li-S 电池的阴极的 nanocomposite 第一次。有 50 wt.% 硫内容的英国计算机学会 nanocomposite 交付 1,295 妈的一个高起始的能力 ??? ?? | Xingxing Gu Yazhou Wang Chao Lai Jingxia Qiu Sheng Li Yanglong Hou Wayde Martens Nasir Mahmood Shanqing Zhang | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，1： | 11 |
| 18 | Lead Induced Changes in the Growth and Antioxidant Metabolism of the Lead Accumulating and Non-accumulating Ecotypes of Sedum alfredii显示文摘The phytotoxicity and antioxidative adaptations of lead (Pb) accumulating ecotype (AE) and non-accumulating ecotype (NAE) of Sedum alfredii Hance were investigated under different Pb treatments involving 0,0.02 mmol/L Pb,0.1 mmol/L Pb and 0.1 mmol/L Pb/0.1 mmol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 6 days. With the increasing Pb level,the Pb concentration in the shoots of AE plants enhanced accordingly, and EDTA supply helped 51% of Pb translocation to shoots of AE compared with those treated with 0.1 mmol/L Pb alone. Moreover, the presence of EDTA alleviated Pb phytotoxicity through changes in plant biomass, root morphology and chlorophyll contents. Lead toxicity induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and lipid peroxidation in both ecotypes of S. alfredii. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase elevated in both leaves and roots of AE as well as in leaves of NAE with the increasing Pb levels, but SOD and G-POD declined in roots of NAE. Enhancement in glutathione reductase activity was only detected in roots of NAE while a depression in catalase activity was recorded in the leaves of NAE. A significant enhancement in glutathione and ascorbic acid (AsA) levels occurred in both ecotypes exposed to Pb and Pb/EDTA treatment compared with the control, however, the differences between these two treatments were insignificant. The dehydroascorbate (DHA) contents in roots of both ecotypes were 1.41 to 11.22-fold higher than those in leaves, whereas the ratios of AsA to DHA (1.38 to 6.84) in leaves altering more to the reduced AsA form were much higher than those in roots. These results suggested that antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants play an important role in counteracting Pb stress in S. alfredii. | Dan Liu Ting-Qiang Li Xiao-Fen Jin Xiao-E Yang Ejazul Islam Qaisar Mahmood | 2008 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2008，50，2： | 10 |
| 19 | Virtual reality simulation in endoscopy training:Current evidence and future directions显示文摘Virtual reality simulation is becoming the standard when beginning endoscopic training. It offers various benefits including learning in a low-stakes environment, improvement of patient safety and optimization of valuable endoscopy time. This is a review of the evidence surrounding virtual reality simulation and its efficacy in teaching endoscopic techniques. There have been 21 randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that have investigated virtual reality simulation as a teaching tool in endoscopy. 10 RCTs studied virtual reality in colonoscopy, 3 in flexible sigmoidoscopy, 5 in esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and 3 in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. RCTs reported many outcomes including distance advanced in colonoscopy, comprehensive assessment of technical and non-technical skills, and patient comfort. Generally, these RCTs reveal that trainees with virtual reality simulation based learning improve in all of these areas in the beginning of the learning process. Virtual reality simulation was not effective as a replacement of conventional teaching methods. Additionally, feedback was shown to be an essential part of the learning process. Overall, virtual reality endoscopic simulation is emerging as a necessary augment to conventional learning given the ever increasing importance of patient safety and increasingly valuable endoscopy time; although work is still needed to study the nuances surrounding its integration into curriculum. | Tahrin Mahmood Michael Anthony Scaffidi Rishad Khan Samir ChANDra Grover | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，48： | 10 |
| 20 | Quantifying the effects of short-term heat stress at booting stage on nonstructural carbohydrates remobilization in rice显示文摘Extreme heat stress events are becoming more frequent under anticipated climate change,which can have devastating impacts on rice growth and yield.To quantify the effects of short-term heat stress at booting stage on nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)remobilization in rice,two varieties(Nanjing 41 and Wuyunjing 24)were subjected to 32/22/27°C(maximum/minimum/mean),36/26/31°C,40/30/35°C,and 44/34/39°C for 2,4 and 6 days in phytotrons at booting stage during 2014 and 2015.Yield and yield components,dry matter partitioning index(DMPI),NSC accumulation and translocation were measured and calculated.The results showed that the increase of high-temperature level and duration significantly reduced grain yield by suppressing spikelet number per panicle,seed-setting rate,and grain weight.Heat stress at booting decreased DMPI in panicles,increased DMPI in stems,but had no significant effect on photosynthetic rate.Stem NSC concentration increased whereas panicles NSC concentration,stem NSC translocation efficiency,and contribution of stem NSC to grain yield decreased.Severe heat stress even transformed the stem into a carbohydrate sink during grain filling.The heat-tolerant Wuyunjing 24 showed a higher NSC transport capacity under heat stress than the heat-sensitive Nanjing 41.Heat degree-days(HDD),which combines the effects of the intensity and duration of heat stress,used for quantifying the impacts of heat stress indicates the threshold HDD for the termination of NSC translocation is 9.82°C day.Grain yield was negatively correlated with stem NSC concentration and accumulation at maturity,and yield reduction was tightly related to NSC translocation reduction.The results suggest that heat stress at booting inhibits NSC translocation due to sink size reduction.Therefore,genotypes with higher NSC transport capacity under heat stress could be beneficial for rice yield formation. | Fengxian Zhen Junjie Zhou Aqib Mahmood Wei Wang Xini Chang Bing Liu Leilei Liu Weixing Cao Yan Zhu Liang Tang | 2020 | The Crop Journal2020，8，2： | 9 |
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