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| 1 | Effects of different resuscitation fluid on severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To compare effects of different resuscitation fluid on microcirculation, inflammation, intestinal barrier and clinical results in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with SAP were enrolled at the Pancreatic Disease Institute between January 2007 and March 2010. The patients were randomly treated with normal saline (NS group), combination of normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (SH group), combination of normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and glutamine (SHG group) in resuscitation. The ratio of normal saline to HES in the SH and SHG groups was 3:1. The glutamine (20% glutamine dipeptide, 100 mL/d) was supplemented into the resuscitation liquid in the SHG group. Complications and outcomes including respiratory and abdominal infection, sepsis, abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hypertension, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), operation intervention, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, and mortality at 60 d were compared. Moreover, blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), gastric intramucosal pH value (pHi), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), inflammation cytokines, urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio, and serum endotoxin were investigated to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and gut barrier. RESULTS: Compared to the NS group, patients in the SH and SHG groups accessed the endpoint more quickly (3.9 ± 0.23 d and 4.1 ± 0.21 d vs 5.8 ± 0.25 d, P < 0.05) with less fluid volume (67.26 ± 28.53 mL/kg/d, 61.79 ± 27.61 mL/kg per day vs 85.23 ± 21.27 mL/kg per day, P < 0.05). Compared to the NS group, incidence of renal dysfunction, ARDS, MODS and ACS in the SH and SHG groups was obviously lower. Furthermore, incidence of respiratory and abdominal infection was significantly decreased in the SH and SHG groups, while no significant difference in sepsis was seen. Moreover, less operation time was needed in the SH and SHG group than the NS group, but the difference was not significant. The mortality did not differ significantly among these groups. Blood SpO 2 and gastric mucosal pHi in the SH and SHG groups increased more quickly than in the NS group, while IAP was significantly decreased in the SH and SHG group. Moreover, the serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein levels in the SH and SHG groups were obviously lower than in the NS group at each time point. Furthermore, urine L/M ratio and serum endotoxin were significantly lower in the SH group and further decreased in the SHG group.CONCLUSION: Results indicated that combination of normal saline, HES and glutamine are more efficient in resuscitation of SAP by relieving inflammation and sustaining the intestinal barrier. | Gang Zhao Jun-Gang Zhang He-Shui Wu Jin Tao Qi Qin Shi-Chang Deng Yang Liu Lin Liu Bo Wang Kui Tian Xiang Li Shuai Zhu Chun-You Wang | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，13： | 56 |
| 2 | 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents显示文摘Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up. | Cheng Wang Yaqi Li Ying Liao Hong Tian Min Huang Xiangyu Dong Lin Shi Jinghui Sun Hongfang Jin Junbao Du Jindou An Jie Chen Mingwu Chen Qi Chen Sun Chen Yonghong Chen Zhi Chen Adolphus Kai-tung Chau Junbao Du Zhongdong Du Junkai Duan Hongyu Duan Xiangyu Dong Lin Feng Lijun Fu Fangqi Gong Yonghao Gui Ling Han Zhenhui Han Bing He Zhixu He Xiufen Hu Yimin Hua Guoying Huang Min Huang Ping Huang Yujuan Huang Hongfang Jin Mei Jin Bo Li Fen Li Tao Li Xiaohui Li Xiaoyan Liu Yan Li Haitao Lv Tiewei Lv Zipu Li Luyi Ma Silin Pan Yusheng Pang Hua Peng Yuming Qin Jie Shen Lin Shi Kun Sun Jinghui Sun Hong Tian Jie Tian Cheng Wang Hong Wang Lei Wang Jinju Wang Wendi Wang Yuli Wang Rongzhou Wu Tianhe Xia Yanyan Xiao Chunhong Xie Yanlin Xing Zhenyu Xiong Baoyuan Xu Yi Xu Hui Yan Shiwei Yang Qijian Yi Xia Yu Xianyi Yu Yue Yuan Hongyan Zhang Huili Zhang Li Zhang Qingyou Zhang Xi Zhang Yanmin Zhang Zhiwei Zhang Cuifen Zhao Bin Zhou Hua Zhu | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，23： | 54 |
| 3 | Variability and reduction of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games显示文摘The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Network was established by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The goals of the network were to monitor and provide warnings of the atmospheric quality in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.The results showed that the atmospheric complex pollution exhibited high concentrations of ozone and fine particles and oxidation in summer,with a ubiquitous regional source.The regional mean concentrations of SO2,PM2.5,NO2,and O3_8h max(the maximum daily 8 h mean) and Ox were 22±11,90±40,25±5,136±35 and 112±21 μg/m3 in summer,respectively.During the Olympic Games,the mean concentration of SO2,PM2.5,NO2,O3_8h max,and Ox were 12.5±4,56±28,23±4,114±29,95±17 μg/m3 in the region,respectively,and fell by 51.0%,43.7%,13%,20.2%,and 18.9%,respectively,compared to the prophase mean before the Olympic Games.The concentration of atmospheric pollutants declined significantly and achieved the 'Green Olympics' control goal of air quality.After the Olympic Games,SO2,PM2.5 and NOx increased significantly as the temporary atmospheric pollution control measures were terminated. | XIN JinYuan WANG YueSi TANG GuiQian WANG LiLi SUN Yang WANG YingHong HU Bo SONG Tao JI DongSheng WANG WeiFeng LI Liang LIU GuangRen | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，18： | 30 |
| 4 | Spatial Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall over China with Hourly through 24-Hour Accumulation Periods Based on National-Level Hourly Rain Gauge Data显示文摘Hourly rainfall measurements of 1919 national-level meteorological stations from 1981 through 2012 are used to document,for the first time,the climatology of extreme rainfall in hourly through 24-h accumulation periods in China. Rainfall amounts for 3-,6-,12- and 24-h periods at each station are constructed through running accumulation from hourly rainfall data that have been screened by proper quality control procedures. For each station and for each accumulation period,the historical maximum is found,and the corresponding 50-year return values are estimated using generalized extreme value theory. Based on the percentiles of the two types of extreme rainfall values among all the stations,standard thresholds separating Grade I,Grade II and Grade III extreme rainfall are established,which roughly correspond to the 70th and 90th percentiles for each of the accumulation periods. The spatial characteristics of the two types of extreme rainfall are then examined for different accumulation periods. The spatial distributions of extreme rainfall in hourly through 6-h periods are more similar than those of 12- and 24-h periods. Grade III rainfall is mostly found over South China,the western Sichuan Basin,along the southern and eastern coastlines,and in the large river basins and plains. There are similar numbers of stations with Grade III extreme hourly rainfall north and south of 30°N,but the percentage increases to about 70% south of 30°N as the accumulation period increases to 24 hours,reflecting richer moisture and more prolonged rain events in southern China. Potential applications of the extreme rainfall climatology and classification standards are suggested at the end. | Yongguang ZHENG Ming XUE Bo LI Jiong CHEN Zuyu TAO | 2016 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2016，33，11： | 28 |
| 5 | Prevalence and Factors Associated with Female Sexual Dysfunction in Beijing, China显示文摘 | Wen-Jia Lou Bo Chen Lan Zhu Shao-Mei Han Tao Xu Jing-He Lang Lei Zhang | 2017 | Chinese Medical Journal2017，，12： | 25 |
| 6 | Rosuvastatin attenuates mucus secretion in a murine model of chronic asthma by inhibiting the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor显示文摘 | ZHU Tao ZHANG Wei WANG Dao-xin HUANG Ni-wen BO Hong DENG Wang DENG Jia | 2012 | Chinese Medical Journal2012，，8： | 24 |
| 7 | Non-Point-Source Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loadings from a Small Watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area显示文摘Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A representative small watershed in the central part of the TGR area was selected to monitor the loss of nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) continuously along with the runoff from 2007 through 2009 to understand the exact sources and loadings.Results show that the non-point-source nitrogen and phosphorus comes mainly from the storm runoff from residential areas,citrus orchards and sloping croplands,which contributes up to 76% of the loadings in this watershed.Thus,a crucial measure for controlling non-point-source pollution is to intercept storm runoff from the three sources.Paddy fields provide a sink for non-point-source N and P by intercepting the runoff and sediment along with their different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.The N and P removal efficiency by paddy fields from residential areas is within the range of 56% to 98%.Paddy fields are an important land-use option for reducing the non-point-source loading of N and P in the TGR area. | ZHU BO WANG Zhenhua WANG Tao DONG Zhixin | 2012 | Journal of Mountain Science2012，9，1： | 24 |
| 8 | Effect of N Fertilizers on Root Growth and Endogenous Hormones in Strawberry显示文摘Endogenous hormones play an important role in the growth and development of roots. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four types of N fertilizers on the root growth of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duchesne) and the endogenous enzymes of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) in its roots and leaves using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Application of all types of N fertilizers significantly depressed (P ≤ 0.05) root growth at 20 d after transplanting. Application of organic-inorganic fertilizer (OIF) as basal fertilizer had a significant negative effect (P ≤ 0.05) on root growth. The application of OIF and urea lowered the lateral root frequency in strawberry plants at 60 d (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the application of two organic fertilizers (OFA and OFB) and the control (CK). With the fertilizer treatments, there were the same concentrations of IAA and ABA in both roots and leaves at the initial growth stage (20 d), lower levels of IAA and ABA at the later stage (60 d), and higher iPA levels at all seedling stages as compared to those of CK. Thus, changes in the concentrations of endogenous phytohormones in strawberry plants could be responsible for the morphological changes of roots due to fertilization. | WANG Bo LAI Tao HUANG Qi-Wei YANG Xing-Ming SHEN Qi-Rong | 2009 | Pedosphere2009，19，1： | 22 |
| 9 | Apelin protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by glucose deprivation显示文摘背景 Apoptosis 是 ischemic 心机能障碍的一个主要原因。Apelin,为 G-protein-coupled APJ 受体的内长的 ligand,被报导了在心肌的损害期间施加 cardioprotective 效果。学习是在老鼠 cardiomyocytes 的 apoptosis 上调查 apelin 的效果的这的目的由葡萄糖剥夺(GD ) 和学习导致了相关发信号 pathway.Methods Apelin 和 APJ mRNA 表示被 RT-PCR 在 GD 的不同持续时间期间在新生的老鼠 cardiomyocytes 决定。Cardiomyocyte apoptosis 被在 GD 以后染色 12 个小时与或没有 apelin-13 (10 和 100 nmol/L ) 的 annexin V-FITC/propidium 碘化物(PI ) 检测预告的处理。 Akt 的蛋白质层次和象房间 apoptosis 一样的 rapamycin ( mTOR )的哺乳动物的目标当面被检测或 LY294002 (一个 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases ( PI3K )禁止者)或 .Results Apelin mRNA 表示是的 rapamycin (一个 mTOR 禁止者)的缺席起来调整当 cardiomyocytes 暴露于 GD 为时 6 , 12 , 18 ,和 24 个小时与底相比铺平( P > 0.05 , P < 0.01 , P < 0.01 , P < 0.01 )。然而,当 cardiomyocytes 暴露于 GD 多达 36 个小时时, apelin mRNA 表示是 17% 比基础水平低(P < 0.05 ) 。APJ mRNA 表示 paralleled apelin 的。在 100 nmol/L 的 Apelin-13 预告的处理显著地禁止了导致 GD 的 cardiomyocyte apoptosis (P < 0.05 ) 并且增加的 Akt 和 mTOR phosphorylation (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 ) 。同时 apelin-13 (100 nmol/L ) 起来调整的 Bcl-2 蛋白质表示和劈开的 caspase-3 表示(P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05 ) 。apelin-13 的 anti-apoptotic 效果被 LY294002 堵住(P < 0.01 ) 然而并非由 rapamycin。内长的 apelin-APJ 系统是 compensatorily 起来调整、最终下面调整的后面的持续心肌的局部缺血的结论。Apelin 经由 PI3K/Akt 小径的激活免于 ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis。 | ZHANG Zhi YU Bo TAO Gui-zhou | 2009 | Chinese Medical Journal2009，，19： | 21 |
| 10 | Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human HepG2, Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines and mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)expression level in human HepG2, Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721hepatoma cell lines and the molecular mechanism of COX-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib-induced cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis.METHODS: Hepatoma cells were cultured and treated with celecoxib. Cell in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunocytochemistry were used to detect COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and phosphorylated Akt were also detected by immunocytochemistry assay. Cell growth rates were assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) bromide colorimetric assay. Celecoxibinduced cell apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry (FCM). The phosphorylated Akt and activated fragments of caspase-9, caspase-3 were examined by Western blotting analysis.RESULTS: Increased COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were detected in all three hepatoma cell lines. Celecoxib could significantly inhibit cell growth and the inhibitory effect was in a dose- and time-dependent manner evidenced by MTr assays and morphological changes.The apoptotic index measured by TUNEL increased correspondingly with the increased concentration of celecoxib and the reaction time. With 50 μmol/L celecoxib treatment for 24 h, the apoptotic index of HepG2, BEL-7402and SMMC-7721 cells was 25.01±3.08%, 26.40±3.05%,and 30.60±2.89%, respectively. Western blotting analysis showed remarkable activation of caspase-9, caspase-3and dephosphorylation of Akt (Thr308). Immunocytochemistry also showed the reduction of PCNA expression and phosphorylation Akt (Thr308) after treatment with celecoxib.CONCLUSION: COX-2 mRNA and protein overexpression in HepG2, Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721 cell lines correlate with the increased cell growth rate. Celecoxib can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hepatoma cell strains in a dose- and time-dependent manner. | Ning-Bo Liu Tao Peng Chao Pan Yu-Yu Yao Bo Shen Jing Leng | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，40： | 20 |
| 11 | Ecosystem vulnerability of China under B2 climate scenario in the 21st century显示文摘This paper applies climate change scenarios in China based on the SRES assumptions with the help of RCMs projections by PRECIS (providing regional climates for impacts studies) system introduced to China from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research at a high-resolution (50 km×50 km) over China. This research focuses on B2 scenario of SRES. A biogeochemical model 'Atmosphere Vegetation Integrated Model (AVIM2)' was applied to simulating ecosystem status in the 21st century. Then vulnerability of ecosystems was assessed based on a set of index of mainly net primary production (NPP) of vegetation. Results show that climate change would affect ecosystem of China severely and there would be a worse trend with the lapse of time. The regions where having vulnerable ecological background would have heavier impacts while some regions with better ecological background would also receive serious impacts. Extreme climate even would bring about worse impact on the ecosystems. Open shrub and desert steppe would be the two most affected types. When the extreme events happen, vulnerable ecosystem would extend to part of defoliate broad-leaved forest, woody grassland and evergreen conifer forest. Climate change would not always be negative. It could be of some benefit to cold region during the near-term. However, in view of mid-term to long-term negative impact on ecosystem vulnerability would be enormously. | WU ShaoHong DAI ErFu HUANG Mei SHAO XueMei LI ShuangCheng TAO Bo | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，10： | 18 |
| 12 | Identification and differentiation of Panax ginseng,Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng by monitoring multiple diagnostic chemical markers显示文摘To differentiate traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) derived from congeneric species in TCM compound preparations is usually challenging. The roots of Panax ginseng(PG), Panax quinquefolium(PQ) and Panax notoginseng(PN) are used as popular TCM. They contain similar triterpenoid saponins(ginsenosides) as the major bioactive constituents. Thus far, only a few chemical markers have been discovered to differentiate these three species. Herein we present a multiple marker detection approach to effectively differentiate the three Panax species, and to identify them in compound preparations. Firstly, 85 batches of crude drug samples(including 32 PG, 30 PQ, and 23 PN) were analyzed by monitoring 40 major ginsenosides in the extracted ion chromatograms(EICs) using a validated LC–MS fingerprinting method. Secondly, the samples were clustered into different groups by pattern recognition chemometric approaches using PLS-DA and OPLS-DA models, and17 diagnostic chemical markers were discovered. Aside from the previously known Rf and p-F11, ginsenoside Rs1 could be a new marker to differentiate PG from PQ. Finally, the above multiple chemical markers were used to identify the Panax species in 60 batches of TCM compound preparations. | Wenzhi Yang Xue Qiao Kai Li Jingran Fan Tao Bo De-an Guo Min Ye | 2016 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2016，6，6： | 18 |
| 13 | Effects of Contour Hedgerow Intercropping on Nutrient Losses from the Sloping Farmland in the Three Gorges Area,China显示文摘Eutrophication is recognized as one of the major environmental problems in the Three Gorges Reservoir.Contour hedgerows have been used as a major soil and water conservation measure in this area.Accordingly,a two-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of contour hedgerow intercropping on nutrient loss from sloping farmland in this area.Four treatments were applied:(1) Maize + Soybean,(2) Maize,(3) Maize + Alfalfa,and(4) Maize + Hemerocallis citrina Baroni.Results indicated that nutrient loss in the control treatment(Maize) was serious,especially the average loss flux of total nitrogen(2245.8 mg) and total phosphate(2434.2 mg) in a typical rainfall event.However,the nutrient losses by runoff in the other three treatments with contour hedgerow intercropping showed significant reduction.Compared with the control treatment,the total nitrogen loss in the Alfalfa and Hemerocallis citrina Baroni decreased by 80.9% and 85.0%,respectively,and the total phosphorus loss in the two treatments decreased by 91.2% and 92.5%,respectively.Therefore,it is concluded that nutrient losses could be reduced by using contour hedgerows in the Three Gorges Region.Reducing runoff volume and sediment loss was the main mechanisms of contour hedgerow intercropping to reduce nutrient loss. | WANG Tao ZHU Bo XIA Lizhong | 2012 | Journal of Mountain Science2012，9，1： | 17 |
| 14 | Mobile-robotic machining for large complex components:A review study显示文摘Even though the robotic machining has achieved great success in machining of small components, it lacks the competence to machine large complex components, such as wind turbine blade, train carriage, and aircraft wing. In order to cope with this issue,the mobile machining robot system, which consists of a robot arm integrated with a mobile platform, is proposed to achieve the large workspace and high dexterity, and thus has the potential to machine the large complex components. However, due to the limitation of motion accuracy and structural stiffness, the current mobile-robots are hard to satisfy the high precision requirement of machining tasks. In this paper, some historical mobile-robotic machining systems are reviewed firstly, followed by some key techniques related to structure optimization, dynamics of the machining process, localization, and control techniques, which are fundamental for the structural stiffness and motion accuracy of mobile-robots. Finally, the prospect of mobile-robotic machining and the open questions are addressed. | TAO Bo ZHAO XingWei DING Han | 2019 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2019，62，8： | 17 |
| 15 | Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S):an overview显示文摘The Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S)is a mission proposed for the 25 th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community.The scientific objectives are to study the relationships between the solar magnetic field,solar flares and coronal mass ejections(CMEs).Three payloads are deployed:the Full-disk vector Magneto Graph(FMG),the Lyman-αSolar Telescope(LST)and the Hard X-ray Imager(HXI).ASO-S will perform the first simultaneous observations of the photospheric vector magnetic field,non-thermal imaging of solar flares,and the initiation and early propagation of CMEs on a single platform.ASO-S is scheduled to be launched into a 720 km Sun-synchronous orbit in 2022.This paper presents an overview of the mission till the end of Phase-B and the beginning of Phase-C. | Wei-Qun Gan Cheng Zhu Yuan-Yong Deng Hui Li Yang Su Hai-Ying Zhang Bo Chen Zhe Zhang Jian Wu Lei Deng Yu Huang Jian-Feng Yang Ji-Jun Cui Jin Chang Chi Wang Ji Wu Zeng-Shan Yin Wen Chen Cheng Fang Yi-Hua Yan Jun Lin Wei-Ming Xiong Bin Chen Hai-Chao Bao Cai-Xia Cao Yan-Ping Bai Tao Wang Bing-Long Chen Xin-Yu Li Ye Zhang Li Feng Jiang-Tao Su Ying Li Wei Chen You-Ping Li Ying-Na Su Hai-Yan Wu Mei Gu Lei Huang Xue-Jun Tang | 2019 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2019，19，11： | 17 |
| 16 | Rapid improvement of PM2.5 pollution and associated health benefits in China during 2013–2017显示文摘Exposure to fine particulate matter(PM2.5)is known to harm public health.In China,after implementation of aggressive emissions control measures under the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(2013-2017),air quality has significantly improved.In this work,we investigated changes in PM2.5 exposure and the associated health impacts in China for the period 2013-2017.We used an optimal estimator of PM2.5 combining in-situ observations,satellite measurements,and simulations from a chemical transport model to derive the spatial and temporal variations in PM2.5 exposure,and then used welldeveloped exposure-response functions to estimate the premature deaths attributable to PM2.5 exposure.We found that national population-weighed annual mean PM2.5 concentrations decreased from 67.4μgm-3 in 2013 to 45.5μgm-3 in 2017(32%reduction).This rapid decrease in PM2.5 pollution led to a 14%reduction in premature deaths due to long-term exposure.We estimated that,during 2013-2017,the premature deaths attributable to long-term PM2.5 exposure decreased from 1.2 million(95%CI:1.0,1.3;fraction of total mortality:13%)in 2013 to 1.0 million(95%CI:0.9,1.2;10%)in 2017.Despite the rapid decrease in annual mean PM2.5 concentrations,health benefits associated with reduced long-term exposure were limited,because for many cities,the PM2.5 levels remain at the portion where the exposure-response function is less steeper than that at the lowconcentration end.We also found that the deaths associated with acute exposure decreased by 61%during 2013-2017 due to rapid reduction in the number of heavily polluted days.Our results confirm that clean air policies in China have mitigated the air pollution crisis;however,continuous emissions reduction efforts are required to protect citizens from air pollution. | Tao XUE Jun LIU Qiang ZHANG Guannan GENG Yixuan ZHENG Dan TONG Zhu LIU Dabo GUAN Yu BO Tong ZHU Kebin HE Jiming HAO | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 17 |
| 17 | Nutrient Release from Weathering of Purplish Rocks in the Sichuan Basin,China显示文摘Purplish soils having high fertility with mineral nutrients inherited from the parent rock are widely distributed in the hills along the Yangtze River,especially in the Sichuan Basin.Pot and field weathering experiments were conducted to mimic rock weathering and nutrient release processes in order to better understand soil fertility and nutrient compensation. Three types of purplish rock formations formed in the Jurassic period,Shaximiao(J_2s),Suining(J_3s),and Penglaizhen (J_3p),as well as one type formed in the Cretaceous period,the Chengqiangyan group(K_1c),were used in this study. Results showed that the soil formation rate was in the range from 11.2 to 19.6 mm every year,and rock weathering was in the order of J_3s>J_3p>J_2s>K_1c.Because more rock surface was exposed to sunlight and rainfall in field conditions,pot weathering was slower than field weathering.Nutrient release rates increased with rock weathering and was in the order similar to that of rock weathering:J_3p>J_3s>J_2s>K_1c.Potassium release was the most important in all rocks;after 2 years of weathering,19.4% to 46.9% of K was released from the initial parent rocks,which suggested that K release from weathering could meet most of the crop K requirement in purplish soils.Thus,rapid release of nutrients from weathering of purplish rocks was key to nutrient replenishment and fertility of purplish soils. | ZHU Bo WANG Tao YOU Xiang GAO Mei-Rong | 2008 | Pedosphere2008，18，2： | 16 |
| 18 | Blocking FSH inhibits hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and reduces serum cholesterol显示文摘Menopause is associated with dyslipidemia and an increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease.The classic view assumes that the underlying mechanism of dyslipidemia is attributed to an insufficiency of estrogen.In addition to a decrease in estrogen, circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)levels become elevated at menopause.In this study,we find that blocking FSH reduces serum cholesterol via inhibiting hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis.First,epidemiological results show that the serum FSH levels are positively correlated with the serum total cholesterol levels,even after adjustment by considering the effects of serum estrogen,in addition,the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia is significantly higher in peri-menopausal women than that in premenopausal women.Furthermore,we generated a mouse model of FSH elevation by intraperitoneally injecting exogenous FSH into ovariectomized (OVX)mice,in which a normal level of estrogen (E2)was maintained by exogenous supplementation. Consistently,the results indicate that FSH,independent of estrogen,increases the serum cholesterol level in this mouse model. Moreover,blocking FSH signaling by anti-FSHβ antibody or ablating the FSH receptor (FSHR)gene could effectively prevent hypercholesterolemia induced by FSH injection or high-cholesterol diet feeding.Mechanistically,FSH,via binding to hepatic FSHRs, activates the Gi2α/β-arrestin-2/Akt pathway and subsequently inhibits the binding of FoxO1 with the SREBP-2 promoter,thus preventing FoxO1 from repressing SREBP-2 gene transcription.This effect,in turn,results in the upregulation of SREBP-2,which drives HMGCR nascent transcription and de novo cholesterol biosynthesis,leading to the increase of cholesterol accumulation.This study uncovers that blocking FSH signaling might be a new strategy for treating hypercholesterolemia during menopause, particularly for women in peri-menopause characterized by FSH elevation only. | Yanjing Guo Meng Zhao Tao Bo Shizhan Ma Zhongshang Yuan Wenbin Chen Zhao He Xu Hou Jun Liu Zhenhai Zhang Qiang Zhu Qiangxiu Wang Xiaoyan Lin Zhongli Yang Min Cui Lu Liu Yujie Li Chunxiao Yu Xiaoyi Qi Qian Wang Haiqing Zhang Qingbo Guan Lifang Zhao Shimeng Xuan Huili Yan Yanliang Lin Li Wang Qihang Li Yongfeng Song Ling Gao Jiajun Zhao | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，2： | 16 |
| 19 | COVID-19 Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Packaging of Imported Cold-Chain Products—Liaoning Province,China,July 2020显示文摘Summary What is known about this topic?Few major outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have occurred in China after major nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccines have been deployed and implemented.However,sporadic outbreaks that had high possibility to be linked to cold chain products were reported in several cities of China..What is added by this report?In July 2020,a COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Dalian,China.The investigations of this outbreak strongly suggested that the infection source was from COVID-19 virus-contaminated packaging of frozen seafood during inbound unloading personnel contact.What are the implications for public health practice?Virus contaminated paper surfaces could maintain infectivity for at least 17–24 days at-25℃.Exposure to COVID-19 virus-contaminated surfaces is a potential route for introducing the virus to a susceptible population.Countries with no domestic transmission of COVID-19 should consider introducing prevention strategies for both inbound travellers and imported goods.Several measures to prevent the introduction of the virus via cold-chain goods can be implemented. | Huilai Ma1 Jianqun Zhang Ji Wang Ying Qin Cao Chen Yang Song Liang Wang Jun Meng Lingling Mao Fengqin Li Ning Li Jian Cai Yong Zhang Dayan Wang Yunting Xia Hong Wang Shaofeng Jiang Xiang Zhao Peihua Niu Wenjie Tan Tao Ma Yecheng Yao Naiying Mao Zhen Zhu Tianjiao Ji Qian Yang Baoying Huang Li Zhao Jianxing Yu Li Bai Shuangli Zhu Dongyan Wang Yan Zhang Yingwei Sun Mingchun Luan Yanhai Wang Haibo Sun Shihong Yang Zhijian Bo Xiang Ren Zhongjie Li George Fu Gao Wei Yao Wenqing Yao Zijian Feng Wenbo Xu | 2021 | China CDC weekly2021，3，21： | 16 |
| 20 | Impacts of land-use and climate changes on ecosystem productivity and carbon cycle in the cropping-grazing transitional zone in China显示文摘The impact of land-use/land-cover and climate changes on ecosystem productivity and carbon cycle is one of the most important issues in global change studies. In the past 20 years, the climate and land-use in China have changed significantly and have had important ecological consequences, especially in ecologically sensitive regions, e.g. the cropping-grazing transition zone (CGTZ). Here we present a study that used a process-based ecosystem model and data of land-use changes based on remote sensing and of climate change at high spatial and temporal resolution to estimate the impacts of land-use and climate changes on net primary productivity (NPP), vegetation carbon storage, soil heterotrophic respiration (HR), carbon storage and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the CGTZ of China. The results show that the warming and decreases in precipitation in CGTZ reduced NPP by 3.4%, increased HR by 4.3%, and re- duced annual mean total NEP by 33.7Tg from the 1980s to the 1990s. Although carbon storage in vegetation and soil was increasing because the mean NPP for the period was higher than HR, the decreasing NEP indicate that climate change reduced the carbon uptake rate. However, land-use changes in this zone caused increases in NPP by 3.8%, vegetation carbon storage by 2.4%, and annual total NEP by 0.59Tg. The land-use changes enhanced ecosystem carbon up- take, but not enough to offset the negative effect of the climate change. The climate change had greater impacts than the land-use change for the whole CGTZ zone, but had smaller impacts than the land-use change in the regions where it occurred. | GAO Zhiqiang LIU Jiyuan CAO Mingkui LI Kerang TAO Bo | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，9： | 16 |
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