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| 1 | 大气二氧化氮与每日总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率的短期关联:398个城市的多中心分析显示文摘目的:采用统一的分析方案,评估全球多个国家/地区的二氧化氮(NO_(2))与总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率之间的短期关联。研究设计:采用两阶段的时间序列分析方法、过度离散的广义线性模型和多水平meta分析。研究地点:22个低到高收入国家/地区的398个城市。主要结局指标:1973—2018年逐日总死亡人数(6280万人)、心血管疾病死亡人数(1970万人)和呼吸系统疾病死亡人数(550万人)。结果:平均而言,NO_(2)浓度在滞后1天(前1天)每增加10μg/m^(3),会导致总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率分别增加0.46%(95%可信区间0.36%~0.57%)、0.37%(0.22%~0.51%)、0.47%(0.21%~0.72%)。在对共污染物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、臭氧、二氧化硫和一氧化碳)进行调整后,这些关联仍然很稳定。所有3种死因的暴露-反应曲线几乎是线性的,没有明显的阈值。在398个城市中,可归因于高过假定零水平的NO_(2)浓度造成的死亡比例为1.23%(95%可信区间0.96%~1.51%)。结论:这项多中心研究提供了关于NO_(2)短期暴露与总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统死亡风险之间的独立和线性关联的关键证据,说明通过加强NO_(2)的控制和监管限制标准,可获得人群水平的健康收益。 | 孟夏 刘聪(校) 陈仁杰 郑湃(译) 阚海东(校) Francesco Sera Ana Vicedo-Cabrera Ai Milojevic Maria Guo Yuming Tong Shilu Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelh Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva Eric Lavigne Patricia Matus Correa Nicolas Valdes Ortega Samuel Osorio Garcia Jan Kysely Ales Urban Hans Orru Marek Maasikmets Jouni J K Jaakkola Niilo Ryti Veronika Huber Alexandra Schneider Klea Katsouyanni Antonis Analitis Masahiro Hashizume Yasushi Honda Chris Fook Sheng Ng Baltazar Nunes João Paulo Teixeira Iulian Horia Holobaca Simona Fratianni Ho Kim Aurelio Tobias Carmeníniguez Bertil Forsberg ChristoferÅström Martina S Ragettli Yue-Liang Leon Guo Shih-Chun Pan Shanshan Li Michelle L Bell Antonella Zanobetti Joel Schwartz Tangchun Wu Antonio Gasparrini | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，8： | 7 |
| 2 | Galvanically induced potentials to enable minimal tribochemical wear of stainless steel lubricated with sodium chloride and ionic liquid aqueous solution显示文摘The effect of galvanically induced potentials on the friction and wear behavior of a 1 RK91 stainless steel regarding to tribocorrosion was investigated using an oscillating ball-on-disk tribometer equipped with an electrochemical cell. The aim of this investigation is to develop a water-based lubricant. Therefore 1 molar sodium chloride(NaCl) and 1% 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C_2 mim][Cl] water solutions were used. Tribological performance at two galvanically induced potentials was compared with the non-polarized state: cathodic potential-coupling with pure aluminum- and anodic potential-coupling with pure copper. Frictional and electrochemical response was recorded during the tests. In addition, wear morphology and chemical composition of the steel were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), respectively. The galvanically induced cathodic polarization of the stainless steel surface results in electrochemical corrosion protection and the formation of a tribolayer. Cations from the electrolyte(sodium Na^+ and 1-ethyl- 3-methylimidazolium [C_2 mim]^+) interact and adhere on the surface. These chemical interactions lead to considerably reduced wear using 1 NaC l(86%) and 1% 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C_2 mim][Cl](74%) compared to the nonpolarized system. In addition, mechanical and corrosive part of wear was identified using this electrochemical technique. Therefore this method describes a promising method to develop water-based lubricants for technical applications. | Tobias AMANN Felix GATTI Natalie OBERLE Andreas KAILER Jürgen RüHE | 2018 | Friction2018，6，2： | 7 |
| 3 | Epigenetics and pancreatic cancer:Pathophysiology and novel treatment aspects显示文摘An improvement in pancreatic cancer treatment represents an urgent medical goal.Late diagnosis and high intrinsic resistance to conventional chemotherapy has led to a dismal overall prognosis that has remained unchanged during the past decades.Increasing knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of the disease has shown that genetic alterations,such as mutations of K-ras,and especially epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-associated genes,such as silencing of the tumor suppressor p16ink4a,are hallmarks of pancreatic cancer.Here,we describe genes that are commonly affected by epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic cancer via DNA methylation,histone acetylation or miRNA(microRNA)expression,and review the implications on pancreatic cancer biology such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition,morphological pattern formation,or cancer stem cell regulation during carcinogenesis from PanIN(pancreatic intraepithelial lesions)to invasive cancer and resistance development.Epigenetic drugs,such as DNA methyltransferases or histone deactylase inhibitors,have shown promising preclinical results in pancreatic cancer and are currently in early phases of clinical development.Combinations of epigenetic drugs with established cytotoxic drugs or targeted therapies are promising approaches to improve the poor response and survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients. | Daniel Neureiter Tarkan Jger Matthias Ocker Tobias Kiesslich | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，24： | 6 |
| 4 | Interactive labelling of a multivariate dataset for supervised machine learning using linked visualisations,clustering,and active learning显示文摘Supervised machine learning techniques require labelled multivariate training datasets.Many approaches address the issue of unlabelled datasets by tightly coupling machine learning algorithms with interactive visualisations.Using appropriate techniques,analysts can play an active role in a highly interactive and iterative machine learning process to label the dataset and create meaningful partitions.While this principle has been implemented either for unsupervised,semi-supervised,or supervised machine learning tasks,the combination of all three methodologies remains challenging.In this paper,a visual analytics approach is presented,combining a variety of machine learning capabilities with four linked visualisation views,all integrated within the mVis(multivariate Visualiser)system.The available palette of techniques allows an analyst to perform exploratory data analysis on a multivariate dataset and divide it into meaningful labelled partitions,from which a classifier can be built.In the workflow,the analyst can label interesting patterns or outliers in a semi-supervised process supported by active learning.Once a dataset has been interactively labelled,the analyst can continue the workflow with supervised machine learning to assess to what degree the subsequent classifier has effectively learned the concepts expressed in the labelled training dataset.Using a novel technique called automatic dimension selection,interactions the analyst had with dimensions of the multivariate dataset are used to steer the machine learning algorithms.A real-world football dataset is used to show the utility of mVis for a series of analysis and labelling tasks,from initial labelling through iterations of data exploration,clustering,classification,and active learning to refine the named partitions,to finally producing a high-quality labelled training dataset suitable for training a classifier.The tool empowers the analyst with interactive visualisations including scatterplots,parallel coordinates,similarity maps for records,and a new similarity map for partitions. | Mohammad Chegini Jürgen Bernard Philip Berger Alexei Sourin Keith Andrews Tobias Schreck | 2019 | Visual Informatics2019，3，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Linking molecular deadwood-inhabiting fungal diversity and community dynamics to ecosystem functions and processes in Central European forests显示文摘Fungi play vital roles in the decomposition of deadwood due to their secretion of various enzymes that break down plant cell-wall complexes.The compositions of woodinhabiting fungal(WIF)communities change over the course of the decomposition process as the remaining mass of wood decreases and both abiotic and biotic conditions of the wood significantly change.It is currently not resolved which substrate-related factors govern these changes in WIF communities and whether such changes influence the deadwood decomposition rate.Here we report a study on fungal richness and community structure in deadwood of Norway spruce and European beech in temperate forest ecosystems using 454 pyrosequencing.Our aims were to disentangle the factors that correspond to WIF community composition and to investigate the links between fungal richness,taxonomically-resolved fungal identity,and microbial-mediated ecosystem functions and processes by analyzing physico-chemical wood properties,lignin-modifying enzyme activities and wood decomposition rates.Unlike fungal richness,we found significant differences in community structure between deadwood of different tree species.The composition of WIF communities was related to the physico-chemical properties of the deadwood substrates.Decomposition rates and the activities of ligninmodifying enzymes were controlled by the succession of the fungal communities and competition scenarios rather than fungal OTU richness.Our results provide further insights into links between fungal community structure and microbialmediated ecosystem functions and processes. | Björn Hoppe Witoon Purahong Tesfaye Wubet Tiemo Kahl Jürgen Bauhus Tobias Arnstadt Martin Hofrichter François Buscot Dirk Krüger | 2016 | Fungal Diversity2016，，2： | 2 |
| 6 | FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Volker Heinemann Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal Thomas Decker Alexander Kiani Ursula Vehling-Kaiser Salah-Eddin Al-Batran Tobias Heintges Christian Lerchenmüller Christoph Kahl Gernot Seipelt Frank Kullmann Martina Stauch Werner Scheithauer J?rg Hielscher | 2014 | Lancet Oncology2014，，10： | 2 |
| 7 | Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are at increased risk of death associated with urban particle air pollution: a case-crossover analysis 显示文摘 | Sunyer J Schwartz J Tobias A | 2000 | Am J Epidemiol2000，151，： | 2 |
| 8 | Estrogen maintains trabecular bone volume in rats not only by suppression of bone resorption but also by stimulation of bone formation 显示文摘 | Chow J Tobias JH Colston KW | 1992 | J Clin In1992，89，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Dexmedetomidine: applications for the pediatric patient with congenital heart disease 显示文摘 | TOBIAS J D GUPTA P NAGUIB A | 2011 | PediatrCardiol2011，32，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: emerging role of multidetector CT angiography and review of current imaging techniques 显示文摘 | Laing C J Tobias T Rosenblum D I | 2007 | Radiographics2007，27，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Cytogenetic and mo- lecular tumor profiling for type 1 and type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma显示文摘 | Tobias Klatte Allan J Pantuck J | 2009 | Clin Cancer Res2009，15，： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative motor and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during spinal surgery in adolescents显示文摘 | Tobias J D Goble T J Bates G | 2008 | Paediatr Anaesth2008，18，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Chemiresistors:Does the Nanoscale Matter?显示文摘 | Marion E Franke Tobias J E | 2006 | Small2006，2，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Tetanns Toxoid Microspheres Consisting of Biodegradable Poly (Lactide-coglycolide) and ABA-triblock-copolymers:Immune Response in Mice International显示文摘 | TOBIAS J REGINAK KLAUSDH etal | 2002 | Journal of Pharmaceutics2002，234，： | 1 |
| 15 | Dexmedetomidine for the treatment of postanesthesia shivering in children显示文摘 | BLAINE EASLEY R BRADY K M TOBIAS J D | 2007 | Paediatr Anaesth2007，17，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Dexmedetomidine for the treatment of postanesthesia shivering in children显示文摘 | Blaine Easley R Brady K M Tobias J D | | 0，，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Prediction of survival after liver transplantation by pre-transplant parameters显示文摘 | Tobias J. Weismüller Jana Prokein Thomas Becker Hannelore Barg-Hock Jürgen Klempnauer Michael P. Manns Christian P. Strassburg | 2008 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology2008，，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Transmission of ActinobaciLlus pleuropneumoniae among weaned piglets on endemically infected farms显示文摘 | Tobias T J Bouma A Van Den Broek J | 2014 | Prev Vet Med2014，117，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Antibiotic-based selection for bacterial genes that are specifically induced during infection of a host显示文摘 | MAHAN M J TOBIAS J W SLAUCH J M | 1995 | Prec Natl Acad Sci U S A1995，92，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Receptor- dependent mecha- nisms of cell stimulation by bacterial endotoxin 显示文摘 | Ulevitch R J Tobias Ix3 | 1995 | An- nu Rev Immunol1995，13，： | 1 |
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