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| 1 | Multiplexed activation of endogenous genes by CRISPR-on, an RNA-guided transcriptional activator system显示文摘允许的技术内长的基因的特定的规定为基因功能的学习是珍贵的并且在治疗学有大潜力。我们创造了在 CRISPR 上系统,由核酸酶死者 Cas9 (dCas9 ) 蛋白质组成的二部件的 transcriptional 使活跃之物与互补顺序与 transcriptional 激活域和单个指南 RNA (sgRNAs ) 熔化了到基因倡导者。我们证明在 CRISPR 上能高效地以一种悦耳的方式在人和老鼠房间激活外长的记者基因。另外,我们证明在 vivo 的柔韧的记者基因激活能被把系统部件注入老鼠接合子完成。而且,我们证明在 CRISPR 上能激活内长的 IL1RN, SOX2,和 OCT4 基因。最有效的基因激活被对近似倡导者有约束力的 3-4 sgRNAs 的簇完成,建议他们在基因正式就职的 synergistic 行动。显著地,当指向多重基因的 sgRNAs 同时被介绍进房间时,柔韧的多路的内长的基因激活被完成。染色体宽的表示介绍表明了系统的高特性。 | Albert W Cheng Haoyi Wang Hui Yang Linyu Shi Yarden Katz Thorold W Theunissen Sudharshan Rangarajan Chikdu S Shivalila Daniel B Dadon Rudolf Jaenisch | 2013 | Cell Research2013，23，10： | 65 |
| 2 | 全球生态系统服务与自然资本的价值估算显示文摘编者按:地球上的生态系统是一种复杂的生命支持系统,生态系统对人类的贡献,在生态学研究中经常用“社会效益和经济效益”来表述,是可以用经济价值来估算的。然而,由于其复杂性和不确定性,对这两个效益如何进行估价,一直是困扰生态学家和经济学家的重要问题。Cos... | Robert Costanza Ralph d'Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V.O'neill Jose Paruelo Robert G.Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt 陶大立(译) | 1999 | 生态学杂志1999，18，2： | 38 |
| 3 | “辨状论质”看中药材苦杏仁走油显示文摘通过苦杏仁走油前后的质量比较,探讨苦杏仁走油变质现象的感官判别及其物质内涵。该研究对苦杏仁样品走油前后的脂肪油含量、酸值、过氧化值进行了测定,并采用HPLC,GC-MS分别检测了苦杏仁苷、苦杏仁脂肪酸等。利用电子感官仪器(色度仪、电子鼻)量化并对比苦杏仁样品走油前后的颜色、气味;同时与上述结果作相关性分析。结果显示苦杏仁走油后颜色由黄白变棕黄,出现酸味;苦杏仁苷含量下降,酸值、过氧化值显著增高,脂肪酸成分发生变化;药材的外表特征与内在质量的变化具有显著相关性。'感官分析-质量鉴别系统'能为预测中药化学成分的含量、初步判断中药优劣及质量实时监测提供一定科学依据;为中药贮藏的'事先预测、事中干预、事后鉴别'提供新的思路与参考。 | 拱健婷 赵丽莹 Rudolf Bauer 米文娟 李阳 李佳慧 任智宇 徐东 赵婷 闫永红 | 2016 | 中国中药杂志2016，41，23： | 26 |
| 4 | Novel treatment options for perforations of the upper gastrointestinal tract:Endoscopic vacuum therapy and over-the-scope clips显示文摘Endoscopic management of leakages and perforations of the upper gastrointestinal tract has gained great importance as it avoids the morbidity and mortality of surgical intervention.In the past years,covered selfexpanding metal stents were the mainstay of endoscopic therapy.However,two new techniques are now available that enlarge the possibilities of defect closure:endoscopic vacuum therapy(EVT),and over-the-scope clip(OTSC).EVT is performed by mounting a polyurethane sponge on a gastric tube and placing it into the leakage.Continuous suction is applied via the tube resulting in effective drainage of the cavity and the induction of wound healing,comparable to the application of vacuum therapy in cutaneous wounds.The system is changed every 3-5 d.The overall success rate of EVT in the literature ranges from 84%to 100%,with a mean of 90%;only few complications have been reported.OTSCs are loaded on a transparent cap which is mounted on the tip of a standard endoscope.By bringing the edges of the perforation into the cap,by suction or by dedicated devices,such as anchor or twin grasper,the OTSC can be placed to close the perforation.For acute endoscopy associated perforations,the mean success rate is 90%(range:70%-100%).For other types of perforations(postoperative,other chronic leaks and fistulas)success rates are somewhat lower(68%,and59%,respectively).Only few complications have been reported.Although first reports are promising,further studies are needed to define the exact role of EVT and OTSC in treatment algorithms of upper gastrointestinal perforations. | Rudolf Mennigen Norbert Senninger Mike G Laukoetter | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，24： | 25 |
| 5 | 纳米技术在锂二次电池中的应用显示文摘对近几年来纳米技术在锂二次电池中的应用进行了综述。所用纳米技术包括溶胶 凝胶法、模板法、碳棒电弧法和机械研磨法等,制备的锂二次电池纳米材料包括正极、负极和其它材料。纳米正极材料包括氧化钴锂、氧化镍锂、氧化锰锂和钒的氧化物等,纳米负极材料包括碳材料、富勒烯、碳纳米管、氧化锡和金属负极材料等,其它纳米材料包括聚合物电解质和导电剂。这些纳米材料的电化学性能较一般方法制备的材料有明显的提高,但是目前在锂二次电池领域对纳米技术的理论研究还有待于深入。随着纳米技术的不断发展,微型锂二次电池的诞生为期不远。 | 吴宇平 Rahm Elke Holze Rudolf | 2002 | 电池2002，32，6： | 12 |
| 6 | 异步轧制对奥氏体钢组织和性能的影响(英文)显示文摘分别采用异步轧制和同步轧制工艺制备具有细晶组织的钢材。异步轧制通过采用不同直径的轧辊来实现,轧辊直径比分别为1.00、1.05和1.11,轧制温度在900~1100°C,轧制变形量为15%、30%和60%。结果表明,与同步轧制相比,异步轧制能够在轧制件中间层获得高体积分数的再结晶晶粒和更小的晶粒尺寸。在轧辊直径比为1.05时能够得到最高的再结晶程度和最小的晶粒尺寸。在较高的温度和低的变形量条件下,晶粒明显长大,其机制为传统的动态再结晶,伴随有孪晶发生。在900°C下,即使变形量达到60%,异步轧制也不能导致动态再结晶发生,而同步轧制却可以。除了在900°C和变形量为60%以外,异步轧制的压力要比同步轧制的小。轧制压力随着轧制温度的降低和变形量的升高而增加。 | Jie LIU Rudolf KAWALLA | 2012 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2012，22，S2： | 11 |
| 7 | Unveiling the enigma of refractory carbon in the ocean显示文摘INTRODUCTION The ocean holds a tremendous reservoir of refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC)that plays an important role in carbon cycling and climate change [1].However,the origin of the RDOC has been an enigma for half a century. This perspective is to address why the enigma deserves scientific efforts and illustrate a robust scheme--the Microbial Carbon Pump (MCP)-to unveil the enigma from molecular to ecosystem levels,Through generation of intrinsic RDOC (RDOCt)under specific biotic and abiotic environmental conditions,as well as through derivation of diverse organic molecules at extremely low concentrations (RDOCc). | Nianzhi Jiao Ruanhong Cai Qiang Zheng Kai Tang Jihua Liu Fanglue Jiao Douglas Wallace Feng Chen Chao Li Rudolf Amann Ronald Benner Farooq Azam | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 10 |
| 8 | Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and serum nutritional markers after acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM:To investigate impairment and clinical significance of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in patients after acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:Patients with AP were invited to participate in the study.Severity of AP was determined by the Atlanta classification and definitions revised in2012.Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI)was diagnosed by the concentration of fecal elastase-1.An additional work-up,including laboratory testing of serum nutritional markers for determination ofmalnutrition,was offered to all patients with low levels of fecal elastase-1 FE.Hemoglobin A1c or oral glucose tolerance tests were also performed in patients without prior diabetes mellitus,and type 3c diabetes mellitus(T3c DM)was diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association criteria.RESULTS:One hundred patients were included in the study:75%(75/100)of patients had one attack of AP and 25%(25/100)had two or more attacks.The most common etiology was alcohol.Mild,moderately severe and severe AP were present in 67,15 and 18%of patients,respectively.The mean time from attack of AP to inclusion in the study was 2.7 years.PEI was diagnosed in 21%(21/100)of patients and T3c DM in14%(14/100)of patients.In all patients with PEI,at least one serologic nutritional marker was below the lower limit of normal.T3c DM was more frequently present in patients with severe AP(P=0.031),but was also present in some patients with mild and moderately severe AP.PEI was present in all degrees of severity of AP.There were no statistically significantly differences according to gender,etiology and number of AP attacks.CONCLUSION:As exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency can develop after AP,routine follow-up of patients is necessary,for which serum nutritional panel measurements can be useful. | Miroslav Vujasinovic Bojan Tepes Jana Makuc Sasa Rudolf Jelka Zaletel Tjasa Vidmar Maja Seruga Bostjan Birsa | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，48： | 10 |
| 9 | Deeper Chemical Perceptions for Better Traditional Chinese Medicine Standards显示文摘Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), a complex system of natural resources with many diverse components, are widely used as approved medicinal agents in China. Quality control of TCMs is a huge challenge for the government and for testing institutes and is associated with numerous scientific issues. Among these considerations include the following questions: How many components are in TCMs? How can the multiple components in TCMs be comprehensively delineated and subsequently characterized? What is the level and range of these (active) metabolites within these multiple-component TCMs, in order to recommend standards? and What are the qualities required for a marker constituent to be selected, and from a practical perspective, how can these components be assessed with low cost and in a short time? All of these factors require significant and deep thinking in order to understand the individualistic chemistry of TCM in order to develop enhanced TCM quality standards for improved and consistent patient care. In this review, the latest exploratory research in TCM chemistry analytical techniques and methods is summarized in order to begin to develop responses to these scientific issues. Advances in these methods have included multidimensional separation for liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS), smart triggering data-dependent acquisition of LC–HRMS, target analysis with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), supercritical fluid chromatography, and data mining of large mass spectrometry (MS) datasets. In addition, two quality strategies have been introduced in order to save reference standards and the analysis time for a TCM quality standard, including the application of the single standard to determine multi-components (SSDMC) and monomethodheterotrait matrix methods. Finally, a series of future improvements for analytical methods for TCMs are proposed. | Jin-Jun Hou Jian-Qing Zhang Chang-Liang Yao Rudolf Bauer Ikhlas A. Khan Wan-Ying Wu De-an Guo | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，1： | 9 |
| 10 | 采用轮缘润滑装置降低轨道磨损显示文摘 | Rudolf Otte 杨和中 | 2006 | 城市轨道交通研究2006，9，5： | 9 |
| 11 | 297例视网膜母细胞瘤的临床病理研究显示文摘目的探讨视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma,Rb)脉络膜浸润的形态学分期标准,为在统一的标准下进一步对该肿瘤进行临床病理研究。方法对摘除的297例原发性Rb患者的眼球组织标本,进行光镜观察。结果肿瘤侵犯球壁组织在形态学上可分为4期(色素上皮脉络膜分期):Ⅰ期,仅为视网膜色素上皮层受侵犯,玻璃体膜结构完整。Ⅱ期,玻璃体膜结构被破坏,脉络膜毛细血管层尚未被侵犯。Ⅲ期,肿瘤浸润深达脉络膜,靠近毛细血管层的中血管层内的小范围区域。Ⅳ期,大范围脉络膜浸润,巩膜可同时受累。Ⅳ期病死率为115%,Ⅰ~Ⅲ期的病死率为04%。结论色素上皮脉络膜分期可作为研究不同个体肿瘤细胞浸润程度进行比较的统一标准。 | 杨红 HARALD SCHILLING RUDOLF EFFERT ACHIM WESSING | 1999 | 中华眼科杂志1999，35，4： | 9 |
| 12 | Genome-wide MicroRNA Expression Profiles in COPD: Early Predictors for Cancer Development显示文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. Biomarker studies frequently follow a case-control set-up in which patients diagnosed with a disease are compared to controls. Longitudinal cohort studies such as the COPD-centered German COPD and SYstemic consequences-COmorbidities NETwork(COSYCONET) study provide the patient and biomaterial base for discovering predictive molecular markers. We asked whether microRNA(miRNA) profiles in blood collected from COPD patients prior to a tumor diagnosis could support an early diagnosis of tumor development independent of the tumor type. From 2741 participants of COSYCONET diagnosed with COPD, we selected 534 individuals including 33 patients who developed cancer during the follow-up period of 54 months and 501 patients who did not develop cancer, but had similar age, gender and smoking history. Genome-wide miRNA profiles were generated and evaluated using machine learning techniques. For patients developing cancer we identified nine miRNAs with significantly decreased abundance(two-tailed unpaired t-test adjusted for multiple testing P < 0.05), including members of the miR-320 family. The identified mi RNAs regulate different cancer-related pathways including the MAPK pathway(P = 2.3 x 10^(-5)). We also observed the impact of confounding factors on the generated miRNA profiles, underlining the value of our matched analysis. For selected miRNAs, qRT-PCR analysis was applied to validate the results. In conclusion, we identified several miRNAs in blood of COPD patients, which could serve as candidates for biomarkers to help identify COPD patients at risk of developing cancer. | Andreas Keller Tobias Fehlmann Nicole Ludwig Mustafa Kahraman Thomas Laufer Christina Backes Claus Vogelmeier Caroline Diener Frank Biertz Christian Herr Rudolf A. Jorres Hans-Peter Lenhof Eckart Meese Robert Bals | 2018 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2018，16，3： | 9 |
| 13 | [14] Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent显示文摘 | Vernon L. Singleton Rudolf Orthofer Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós | 1999 | Methods in Enzymology1999，，： | 8 |
| 14 | 媒介进化是什么——新媒介历史的理论化阐释显示文摘此文对新媒介的出现提出了一种解释。媒介不只是技术发明的后果,它衍生于发明和'社会制度化'这样一个两阶段过程。技术发明只是改进了旧媒介。在创新阶段,新媒介开始被制度化。社会制度化的过程从根本上改变了媒介。本文探讨出版业、电报、电影、电台、电视和多媒体之间竞争性的媒介历史。同时审视了新媒介的出现与社会、政治、文化、经济和技术基础的关系。 | Rudolf Stber 尹良润 | 2007 | 国际新闻界2007，29，10： | 7 |
| 15 | Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in an adult patient:A case report and review of literature显示文摘BACKGROUND Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia(PIL),first described in 1961,is a rare disorder of unknown etiology resulting in protein-losing enteropathy.The disease is characterized by dilatation and leakage of intestinal lymph vessels leading to hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and lymphopenia.Since the severity and location of lymph vessels being affected can vary considerably,the range of associated symptoms is wide from mild lower-limb edema to generalized edema,abdominal and/or pleural effusion,and recurrent diarrhea,among others.Although usually developing in early childhood,we present the case of a 34-yearold woman with PIL.Moreover,we performed a literature review systematically assessing clinical presentation,and provide a practical approach to facilitate diagnosis and therapy of PIL in adults.CASE SUMMARY Our patient presented with unspecific symptoms of abdominal discomfort,fatigue,nausea,and recurrent edema of the lower limbs.Interestingly,a striking collinearity of clinical symptoms with female hormone status was evident.Additionally,polyglobulia,hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and transient lymphocytopenia were evident.Due to suspicion of a bone marrow disease,an extensive diagnostic investigation was carried out excluding secondary causes of polyglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia.The diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia was established after 22 wk by histological analysis of biopsy samples obtained via enteroscopy.Consecutively,the patient was put on a high-protein and low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides supplementation leading to significant improvement of clinical symptoms until 2 years of follow-up.CONCLUSION PIL can be the reason for cryptogenic hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and lymphopenia in adulthood.Due to difficulty in correct diagnosis,treatment initiation is often delayed despite being effective and welltolerated.This leads to a significant disease burden in affected patients.PIL is increasingly been recognized in adults since the majority of case reports were published within the last 10 years,pointing towards an underestimation of the true prevalence.The association with female hormone status warrants further investigation. | Rudolf Huber Georg Semmler Alexander Mayr Felix Offner Christian Datz | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，48： | 6 |
| 16 | 太阳光源跟踪伺服系统建模与仿真分析显示文摘论述了太阳光源跟踪伺服系统的工作原理,并以基于步进电机的双轴跟踪伺服系统为基础,建立了系统方位角传动机构数学模型和SIMULINK仿真模型。分别从时域和频域的角度进行了仿真实验,给出了系统动态性能仿真曲线,分析了不同参数对系统跟踪性能的影向,并根据系统的快速性、稳定性和准确性要求,给出了系统优化设计的理论依据。为进一步对太阳光源跟踪伺服系统在理论研究和实际应用上打下了基础。 | Rudolf Mecke Hochschule Harz 魏厚震 袁海文 王秋生 | 2011 | 电力电子2011，，1： | 6 |
| 17 | 同步荧光法检测鱼胆汁中的1-羟基芘显示文摘建立了用同步荧光法测定鱼胆汁中的 1 羟基芘 (1 HP)的方法。该方法通过直接测定鱼胆汁的多环芳烃 (PAHs)的代谢产物之一 1 HP ,用于判断PAHs生物有效部分对海岸带养殖水环境的污染程度。以真鲷(Pargrosomusmajor,简称Pm) , 鱼 (Nibeamiichthys ,简称Nm)为实验对象 。 | 张勇 王淑红 朱亚先 Michael H W Lam Rudolf S S Wu 洪华生 | 2002 | 分析化学2002，30，4： | 6 |
| 18 | One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Mutations in Multiple Genes by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering显示文摘 | Haoyi Wang Hui Yang Chikdu S. Shivalila Meelad M. Dawlaty Albert W. Cheng Feng Zhang Rudolf Jaenisch | 2013 | Cell2013，，4： | 5 |
| 19 | Noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C显示文摘Assessment of hepatic fibrosis is important for determining prognosis,guiding management decisions,and monitoring disease. Histological evaluation of liver biopsy specimens is currently considered the reference test for staging hepatic fibrosis. Since liver biopsy carries a small but significant risk,noninvasive tests to assess hepatic fibrosis are desirable. This editorial gives an overview on noninvasive methods currently available to determine hepatic fibrosis and their diagnostic accuracy for predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C. Based on available data,the performance of simple tests derived from routine laboratory parameters appears to be similar to that of more complex and expensive fibrosis panels. Transient elastography seems more accurate than blood tests for diagnosing cirrhosis. | Rudolf E Stauber Carolin Lackner | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，32： | 5 |
| 20 | 新形势·新策略--网络药理学与中药新药研发显示文摘'网络药理学与生物医药发展国际论坛'于2018年8月23-25日在江苏省连云港市召开。本次论坛由中国科协海智办、国际药理学联合会天然药物药理学分会、中国药理学会、中国药学会、江苏省科学技术协会、江苏省食品药品监督管理局和连云港市人民政府共同主办,中国药理学会网络药理学专业委员会承办,江苏康缘药业股份有限公司协办,中国药理学会网络药理学专业委员会主任委员周文霞教授和常务委员、江苏康缘药业股份有限公司董事长肖伟教授共同担任论坛主席。有来自美国、澳大利亚、奥地利、中国大陆和中国澳门等多个国家和地区的97名代表出席本次论坛。国家卫生健康委员会科技教育司监察刘登峰专员应邀参会。论坛针对国际、国内网络药理学研究的现状、最新进展和发展前沿等有关问题进行了综合讨论,展示了该研究领域的新技术、新进展和新应用。为促进国内外学术交流,本文对部分专家的观点和意见进行了整理,以期为促进我国网络药理学和生物医药研究与发展起到积极的推动作用。 | 韩露 程肖蕊 伯晓晨 曹亮 陈纯 陈洛南 陈禹保 段大跃 方坚松 高丽 高莉 高耀 李美娜 李学军 刘艾林 刘骏 秦雪梅 Bauer RUDOLF 宋文婷 Alastair STEWART 孙蓉 孙妩弋 田俊生 王永华 王忠 魏伟 肖伟 徐峰 徐筱杰 张文娟 张媛媛 赵静 周文霞 张永祥 | 2018 | 中国药理学与毒理学杂志2018，0，11： | 5 |
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